North America (Geographic Keyword)
3,251-3,275 (3,468 Records)
Archaeologists have long recognized that urban environments are frequently hazardous to the health of residents. From the very first cities through the present, many urban populations have experienced higher rates of epidemic disease, endemic disease, and certain kinds of injuries than rural populations. Health is thus both a primary concern for public officials in cities and a daily struggle for ordinary urban-dwellers. This paper discusses the health-related challenges faced by rural Irish...
Urban Life Through the Lens of Glass: A Brief Analysis of Glass Tableware and Flaked Objects from the 19th Century San Jose Market Street Chinatown, California (2015)
The Market Street Chinatown archaeological collection offers a diverse assemblage of artifacts that shed light on the urban social lives of Overseas Chinese communities in San Jose, California during the late 19th century (1866-1887). Glass objects constitute a considerable percentage of the total archaeological collection and includes a massive assortment of medicinal and cuisine containers, architectural features, and domestic objects. The bricolage collection of glass permits discriminate...
Urban Livestock in New Orleans: The Zooarchaeology of the French Quarter and Treme (2018)
Urban farmsteads with livestock were an important component of life in eighteenth and nineteenth century New Orleans. In this presentation historical research and zooarchaeological analysis of faunal remains from sites in the French Quarter and the Treme are used to examine how meat and meat products were processed and discarded in the urban setting. The archaeological contexts include the public space of St. Anthony’s Garden located behind the St. Louis Cathedral, the Ursuline Convent, and...
US 301 Project Archaeology and Historic Context Development in Delaware (2016)
A 2007 study conducted for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program examined cultural resource professionals’ views on the usefulness of historic contexts, and found that, "…SHPO and state DOT staff rarely use historic contexts to evaluate the National Register eligibility of properties." However, Delaware has a long and well-established practice of encouraging the development – and use – of historic contexts. The US 301 project archaeological investigations presented an opportunity to...
US Route 301 Predictive Modeling (2016)
Survey along the US Route 301 corridor was guided by a 2006 predictive model. The effort was informed by previous modeling efforts in Delaware and by earlier models primarily prehistoric in focus.The historic component identified margins adjacent to older roadways as having at least medium potential for sites and isolated house locations shown on nineteenth-century maps as high potential locations. Sites dating to the later eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were at times encountered in medium...
USCS Paddle Steamer Robert J. Walker, 1847-1860: Historical and Archaeological Research, Diver and Fisher Knowledge, and the Remote Sensing Search. (2016)
An East Carolina University graduate PhD researcher utilized historical research methods to narrow down the Robert J. Walker’s general location and its key archaeological features for site identification. Interviews with key local wreck divers and commercial bottom fishermen provided local environmental knowledge of unidentified wrecks and fishing gear snags within the general search area. This information was essential input to the remote sensing search planned and executed on the NOAA...
Use Of Electronic Diver Positioning In A Challenging Marine Archaeological Environment (2016)
An important consideration in the excavation of an archaeological site is spatial control. Establishing provenience is particularly challenging in a harsh environment such as the Savannah River, where black water, high current, limited dive windows, safety constraints, and limited budgets do not allow traditional archaeological methods to achieve success in a project with the scope of the excavation and recovery of the CSS Georgia. The nature of the Savannah River environment dictates a more...
The Use of Forensic Anthropology Methods in Historic Cases (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. "Historic" is a term commonly used in archaeology and bioarcheology but is not typically associated with forensic anthropology. However, historic cases have been brought to forensic anthropology labs, where biological profiles are built using forensic anthropological methods. These osteological methods used within forensic anthropology can be applied to...
The Use of Place to Find a Person: A Hybrid Microhistory of Salubria Plantation, Prince George’s County, Maryland (18PR692) (2016)
An examination of an antebellum plantation in Prince George’s County, Maryland can be a case study into how to see a subaltern group (slaves) living within a dominant culture. To do this, three entities will be examined: a place, a slaveholder, and a slave. How are these three elements related and interdependent upon each other as a means to understand the elements individually and as a social group? All three elements occupied the same time and space but would often be described as three...
The Use of X-Ray Fluorescence to Determine the Composition of American Glassware Artifacts: Analytical Methods and Chronological Insights (2016)
The compositional analysis of American glass has untapped potential to shed light on the chronologies of historical archaeological deposits. This is due to a 1864 patent, which introduced the use of soda-lime glass to U.S. pressed glass manufacturers. By 1880, soda-lime glass displaced lead glass in this industry. Therefore, pressed glass tableware produced before 1864 contains lead, whereas pressed glass tableware produced after ca. 1879 largely lacks lead. This study demonstrates the use of...
Using a Landscape Approach: Case Studies in Section 110 Compliance in Military Installations. (2018)
Per Section 110 of the NHPA, federal institutions, including military installations, are required to identify and manage the cultural resources found therein. Funding to meet this requirement is typically limited and awarded within a yearly budget, allowing for disjointed surveys from one year to the next. The result is often recommendations based on a singular viewpoint of a site rather than a true reflection of the information the site can provide based on the regional setting and temporal...
Using Archaeology to Understand Strategies of Racial Uplift, Past, Present, and Future: A Case Study from Annapolis, Maryland (2017)
Following the end of Reconstruction, the leaders of the African American community strove to combat negative stereotypes presented by the White majority using various strategies of racial uplift designed to develop a positive Black identity. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, these strategies could be classified as strategies of inclusion, advocated by scholars such as Booker T. Washington and Nannie Helen Burroughs, and strategies of autonomy, described by W.E.B. Du Bois and Anna Julia...
Using Assimilationist Tools to Refashion Cultural Landscapes: Allotment on the Grand Ronde Reservation (2018)
The General Allotment (Dawes) Act of 1887 was passed amid mounting criticism that the federal reservation system was failing to assimilate Native Americans into Euro-American society. On reservations, Native communities grappled with the traumas of dispossession, violence, and food shortages, but they also possessed a degree of freedom to maintain cultural practices and identities. The Dawes Act was designed to terminate these lifeways by tethering Native families to privately owned plots,...
Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Locating and Surveying Battle of the Atlantic Shipwrecks off the Coast of North Carolina (2015)
An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) was used to locate and conduct detailed surveys of shipwrecks from the Battle of the Atlantic. A proven method for developing operationally efficient AUV dive plans was used for these surveys. The AUV dive plans were based on the characteristics of the search area, the capabilities of the AUV and onboard sensors, and the nature of the shipwreck of interest and required data products. The dive plans took into consideration the risk assessment and the...
Using Collections for Trans-Atlantic Studies: A Case Study in the Spanish Atlantic (2015)
For decades, archaeologists working throughout the Spanish Atlantic have excavated a wide variety of sites. Today, the artifacts from these excavations are stored in museums and at universities throughout Spain, the Caribbean, and the Americas. Because it can be difficult to locate and access appropriate collections, these artifacts are often overlooked or undervalued. In many cases, however, the collections have an extremely high research potential and are invaluable for conducting...
Using Collector for ArcGIS for Cultural Resource Data Collection (2016)
The Calvert County, Maryland cultural resources planner has worked with the county GIS team to develop a Collector for ArcGIS app template for collection of data in the field for archaeological sites and architectural properties. The Collector for ArcGIS template is designed to capture the information required by the state on its forms, acquire geolocation information, and attach pictures for each site. With minimal editing, a mail merge is used to produce a printable form that is acceptable to...
Using DAACS to Explore Embodied Identities: Potential Approaches (2015)
DAACS has proven to be a valuable resource for quantitative studies that explore patterns across sites associated with slavery. However, its analytical potential is not limited to purely statistical applications that utilize abundant artifact types such as ceramics, because the rigorous, highly standardized cataloging protocol used in DAACS captures minute details of artifacts. This makes it a useful resource for the qualitative study of more variable artifacts, such as objects of personal...
Using Digital Mapping Techniques to Rapidly Document Vulnerable Historical Landscapes in New Orleans, Louisiana (2018)
With the oncoming threat that climate change poses upon New Orleans, the documentation of historic spaces becomes critically important. This project aims to promote new methods of cataloging and visualizing the historic character, unique landscapes, and research potential of culturally significant sites so that they may be accessible to future generations, using Holt Cemetery as a case study. Our process combines GIS, Unmanned Aerial Systems, GPS, and traditional cemetery survey techniques to...
Using Digitized Archaeological Literature as Big Data: Lessons from Using Open-Source Software to Text Mine Archaeological Site Numbers and Citation Information from JSTOR across the United States and Canada for the Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) now contains citations to professional journal articles which mention specific archaeological sites in tens of thousands of instances across the United States and Canada. DINAA researchers have developed methods to identify Smithsonian Trinomial (USA) and Borden Grid (Canada) archaeological site...
Using Formation Process Models Of Educational Institutions At Lake Valley Mining District, New Mexico To Create Public Archaeology Progams (2016)
This paper will use two principle models of site formation processes to understand an emerging field of institutional archaeology that of school house archaeology. By using the mining community of Lake Valley, Sierra County, New Mexico, these two models can compare and contrast the social strata and life-cycle of two school houses that shows the history of the community from founding to the closing of the town in 1954. The existing archaeology and features of will be compared and contrasted by...
Using GIS and Lidar to Re-imagine Historic Immigrant Chinese Placer Mining Landscapes (2016)
The Kam Wah Chung building is a National Historic Landmark with a trove of artifacts and documents recovered from the historic "Chinatown" in John Day, Oregon. Interpretation of the site has been hampered by loss of associated immigrant Chinese gold mining remains due to later development. Recent work in the neighboring Malheur National Forest has identified an extensive placer mining complex with associated Chinese artifacts and features. The mining complex was located using lidar and GIS...
Using GIS to Critique Federal Agricultural Policy of the 1930s on the Hector Backbone (2013)
Archaeologists typically focus on the mechanics of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS also possesses the capability to incorporate spatial data at a scale previously unfathomable by archaeologists and to aid in interpretations of social processes in the past. In order to evaluate the ways that GIS can be used as an interpretive tool I will critically examine the Federal Government’s purchase of over one hundred farms in the 1930s located along the Hector Backbone in Schuyler County New...
Using Historic Archaeology To Uncover Previously Ignored Collections (2016)
In 1891 George Dorsey conducted excavations Ancon, Peru, as archaeology was still a fledgeling discipline, and his conclusions reflect his naïveté of modern field methods to come. He assessed that the remains derived from one community, and classified the burials as elite/non-elite. From what we know today, there were two distinct time periods, between which mortuary practices and material culture changed dramatically. The collection has been repeatedly ignored due to the theorized disappearance...
Using Mobile Sonar and 3D Animated Web Modeling for Public Outreach and Management of Historic Shipwrecks in Lake Michigan (2016)
In 2015, the Indiana Lake Michigan Coastal Management Program expanded efforts to connect the public with historical archaeology and better manage submerged cultural resources. For the first time in the Great Lakes region, a mobile sonar survey was conducted in combination with a diver-directed sonar survey to collect three-dimensional data for four shipwrecks. The resulting compilation of remote sensing technology and 3D animated web modeling provides new information about previously...
Using National Historic Preservation Act/National Register of Historic Places Guidelines to Develop a Maritime Cultural Landscape Schema in Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary (2016)
In September of 2014, Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary’s boundaries expanded from 448 to 4,300 square miles, more than doubling the amount of cultural resources co-managed by NOAA and the State of Michigan within the sanctuary area. Pursuant to Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and in accordance with NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuary [ONMS] directives, Thunder Bay initiated a review of newly included cultural resources to evaluate their eligibility within the...