Canada (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
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This short article discusses historical interpretation in a public setting. Presented at Forward Into The Past XV in Kitchener, ON.
Preservation Briefs #36 - Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes (1994)
Preservation Recommendations, treatment, and management of cultural and historic landscapes from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
Preservation in Peril: Patterns of Politics and Archaeology over the Past 100 Years (2018)
In an era of uncertainty in the significance of cultural resources, an evaluation of the history of legislation that protects and manages effects on cultural resources is of paramount importance. At the federal level, the environmental policies that ensure evaluation of cultural resources are at risk in today’s political climate. To understand how to best maintain and improve protections and mechanisms of cultural resource investigation, the following paper evaluates the history of cultural...
Preservation or Perseveration: The Cost of Trying to Save Everything (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The National Register of Historic Places Criteria help to guide the valuation and protection of significant archaeological sites. Lithic and trash scatters are often recommended as eligible for the Register based on their data potential or left with undetermined eligibility, though relatively few of these sites are actually nominated for the Register or...
The Presidio San Carlos Archaeological Project: Preliminary Results (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Camino Real was a cultural, political, and economical link between the Viceroy of Mexico and the northern communities of the New Spain, mostly mining centers. But these new territories were not only harsh geographically but dangerous by the constant raids by the local communities of American Indians, and pressure from foreign nations like England, France...
Prestige Foods and the Adoption of Pottery by Subarctic Foragers (2017)
In the last two millennia before European contact, pottery technology was adopted by foragers across much of the southern Canadian Boreal Forest in response to the spread of Woodland (~100 BC – AD 1700) cultural influence. However, the function and importance of pottery in these northern societies remains unclear due to a combination of poor organic preservation, thin and disturbed stratigraphy, and limited archaeological exploration. In this study, we summarize the results of food residue...
Principles of Open Government Archaeology: Lessons from the Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) (2018)
American archaeology is conducted under cultural resources protection laws, but how does archaeology meet the challenge of openness? The past decade saw development of the "open government" digital information paradigm for public availability of information that underpins the functions of governance. Open government data provide a base for the interested public to offer expertise in aspects of necessary analyses, and to derive further public value from reuse of government data in novel ways. The...
Prioritization Frameworks and Archaeological Decision-Making in a Changing North (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Climate and Heritage in the North Atlantic: Burning Libraries" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The impact of climate change on heritage sites is a subject that is discussed with increasing urgency in arctic archaeology. Frequently used metaphors like “burning libraries” or “ticking clocks” capture the visceral feeling of loss experienced by both archaeologists and Inuit communities who witness destructions firsthand....
Prioritizing Title IX in Private Cultural Resource Management (2018)
Cultural Resource Management (CRM) employs approximately 63% of archaeologists in the United States. Private consulting firms contract with federal agencies to assist in compliance with federal laws such as NHPA, NAGPRA, ARPA and AHPA, and additional state laws. As contract archaeologists, we often work extended periods within small groups in isolated areas, which lends to work environments away from support systems of family and friends. Co-workers depend on each other for safety and support in...
The Problem of Enacting Ethical Practice in Historic Cemetery Excavation (2018)
The excavation, reburial, and permanent curation of human remains from historic cemeteries is inherently linked to complexities of Western paternalism, medical consent, nationality, traditional cultural practice, and a too-common absence of stakeholder engagement, among other pressing concerns. These important and fundamental considerations are often ignored or glossed over in both archaeological project planning and in publications utilizing these remains. The ideal of scientific objectivity...
Project Archaeology: Assessing Paper and Digital Approaches to Online Learning (2018)
Project Archaeology is a comprehensive national archaeology education program, jointly sponsored by the Bureau of Land Management and Montana State University, which uses archaeological inquiry to foster understanding of past and present cultures; improve social studies and science education; and enhance citizenship education to help preserve our archaeological legacy. To date it has reached more than 15,000 educators with curriculum guides, activity guides, and professional development. These...
Projectile Points Exhumed by Dune Migration, Implications for Human Presence and Mid-Holocene (?) Wetter Climate in the South Texas Sand Sheet (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The South Texas Sand Sheet (STSS) spans ~7,000 km2, and consists largely of sand sheet deposits, mostly under three meters thick, stabilized by vegetation, but active SE-NW longitudinal dune ridges make up less than 5% of its area. Evidence of human presence in the STSS in prehispanic times is sparse. Limited archeological investigations have revealed a record...
Projectiles or Pikes? Clovis Point Attributes and Braced Weapon Use (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Fluted point weaponry types and the expansion of Indigenous people across North American megafauna habitats 13,050–12,650 cal BP are considered in light of historical polearm use. Confronting megaherbivores such as Proboscidea and Bison or megacarnivores such as Arctodus, Panthera, and Smilodon with thrust or thrown spears was likely less effective than...
Promoting an Archaeological Perspective in Repatriation, Consultation, National Monuments, and Data Science (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Attention to Detail: A Pragmatic Career of Research, Mentoring, and Service, Papers in Honor of Keith Kintigh" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Keith Kintigh is having quite a career in archaeology. I use the active voice because, as those of us who work with Keith well know, he’s not finished yet! Throughout his career, Kintigh has promoted the benefits and values of an archaeological perspective steadfastly. Since...
Prospects and challenges for high resolution 14C chronologies: New World and Old World investigations (2017)
This paper will present some current work in (i) NE North America (northern Iroquoia), (ii) NW Mexico, and (iii) the East Mediterranean-Caucasus using radiocarbon (14C) dates integrated with archaeological/historical and/or dendrochronological information to try to achieve high-resolution chronologies via Bayesian chronological modelling. The paper will discuss and investigate the potential to achieve much greater precision which, through defining new chronologies, can in turn be transformative...
PROTEIN (CIEP) AND ORGANIC (FTIR) RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT FROM THE PRINCE OF WALES NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE (PWF), IeKn-24, HUDSON BAY COUNTY, MANITOBA, CANADA (2016)
In 1730, the Hudson’s Bay Company initiated the development of the Prince of Wales Fort II on Eskimo Point at the mouth of Churchill River and the Hudson Bay in northern Manitoba, Canada. Construction of the stone fortification took over 40 years, during which Hudson’s Bay Company employees, including officers, tradesmen, and laborers, were present at the site. Activities at the fort included tasks related to survival (hunting, cutting wood, hauling water, etc.) and fur trading. The fort’s...
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM SITES HHOV 374, HHOV 506, HHOV 508, HHOV 512, HHOV 513, HHOV 514, HHOV515, HHOV 517, AND HHOV 520, MUSKEG RIVER MINE EXPANSION PROJECT, ALBERTA, CANADA (2012)
A total of 28 lithic artifacts were submitted for protein residue analysis from nine sites in close proximity from northeastern Alberta. In addition, 2 samples of fire broken rock were submitted for organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These artifacts were recovered during archaeological survey work associated with the Muskeg River Mine Expansion Project. The project area is located approximately 60 km north of Fort McMurray. Protein and organic residue...
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF LITHIC FLAKES FROM SITE EGOL-1, SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA (2012)
Two lithic flakes from site EgOl-1 in Saskatchewan, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. These flakes exhibited residue on their surface. One flake was selected for each analysis. The sample for organic residue analysis was tested using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Protein and organic residue analysis are used to identify trace residues of plant and animal material that may be present on the surfaces of these artifacts.
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF LITHIC TOOLS FROM SITES HHOV 87 AND HHOV 200, ALBERTA, CANADA (2010)
Lithic tools recovered from sites HhOv 87 and HhOv 200, Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and protein residues using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis.
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE EaOh 23, ALONG THE KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE PROJECT, SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA (2011)
Two fire-broken rock samples were submitted for organic residue (FTIR) analysis and six lithic tools were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis from site EaOh 23, located in southwestern Saskatchewan. These analyses are used to detect any animal and plant residues that may be present on the surfaces of these artifacts.
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE FBPI-8, ALBERTA, CANADA (2012)
A lithic tool and a fire-broken rock sample from site FbPi-8 in southern Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis, respectively. The fire-broken rock was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Protein residue analysis offers insight into materials processed with the lithic tool, while organic residue analysis provides information concerning the compounds that were extracted from the firecracked rock. Information concerning...
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE FDOT 32, HARDISTY, ALBERTA, CANADA (2010)
Site FdOt 32, situated near Hardisty, Alberta, Canada, was occupied approximately 1000 RCYBP, according to radiocarbon dates. A projectile point, three ceramic fragments, and one hearth fill sample were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. Ceramics and hearth fill was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A projectile point was tested for protein residue using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP).
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EFOO 134, EFOO 180, AND EJOP 29, ALBERTA, CANADA (2012)
Hearth fill and fire-broken rock from sites EfOo 180, EfOo 134, and EjOp 29, Alberta, Canada, were submitted for organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Five lithic tools from these sites also were analyzed for protein residues. Protein and organic residue analysis provide information regarding diet, specifically materials processed using lithic tools and thermal features, respectively, at these sites.
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EFOO 146 AND EGOP 5 FOR THE KEYSTONE PIPELINE PROJECT, SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA (2009)
Five lithic artifacts and three hearth fill samples from sites EfOo 146 and EgOp 5, discovered during the Keystone Pipeline Project in southern Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and/or organic residue analyses (Table 1). A single hearth sample from site EfOo 146 was examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while ten samples were tested for organic residues and/or protein residues using immunoelectrophoresis.
PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS, AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EgPr 7, EgPr 8, EgPs 65, EgPs 66, EgPs 67, EgPs 68, EgPs 70, EgPs 87, EhPq 3, EhPr 4, EhPr 24, AND EhPr 25, ALBERTA, CANADA (2011)
Lithics, fire-broken rock, and bone from sites EgPr 7, EgPr 8, EgPs 65, EgPs 66, EgPs 67, EgPs 68, EgPs 70, EgPs 87, EhPq 3, EhPr 4, EhPr 24, and EhPr 25 in Alberta, Canada, were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis, and AMS radiocarbon dating. These sites vary in cultural affiliation and occupation periods. AMS radiocarbon dating helps place the sites in an absolute chronological time frame, while protein and organic residue analysis provide information on the types of plants and...