North America (Geographic Keyword)
1,951-1,975 (3,610 Records)
This is an abstract from the "A Tribute to the Contributions of Lawrence C. Todd to World Prehistory" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Over the course of a five-decades-long career, Lawrence C. Todd, Professor Emeritus, Colorado State University, has made substantive contributions to the practice and theory of anthropological archaeology and world prehistory, introduced thousands of undergraduate students to the discipline in his classes, and...
Lead Isotope Analysis of Bronze Bells from Spanish Colonization Era (2018)
This study focuses on using analytical techniques, such as Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and X-ray Florescence (XRF), to determine lead isotope levels of bronze bells from the Spanish colonization era within South Carolina and New Mexico. These values are compared both against one another geographically and against ore isotopic data within regional and possible imported geographic regions. The goal is to both discern whether these bells are locally...
Learning by Example: Exploring the Importance of Case Studies in Learning NAGPRA (2018)
Although the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) has existed for over a generation, educators and professionals continue to discuss the best ways to prepare learners for the complex and contextually specific process of repatriation. Every consultation and every repatriation differs, even when the same tribes and institutions are involved. Because of this, learners can benefit from seeing multiple examples of how NAGPRA is implemented and how different stakeholders...
Learning DIY from the University of Orange (2015)
Orange, New Jersey is like many other aging American cities in that it has de-industrialized, declined, and suffered the impacts of urban renewal over the last 50 years. Part of this story is happening now as Orange is primed for re-development as a bedroom community serving a commuter population connected to New York by train and highway. The threat of gentrification has spawned interesting reactions. Some are nostalgic, looking at what Orange used to be so that was it becomes is not completely...
Learning To Live: Gender And Labor At Indian Boarding Schools (2016)
In 1879, the first federally funded off-reservation boarding school for Native American children was opened at the site of a former army barracks in Pennsylvania. Several additional facilities were soon established throughout the United States. Guided by official policies of assimilation and goals of fundamentally transforming the identities of their pupils, these institutions enrolled thousands of individuals from a multitude of tribal communities, sometimes forcibly. Once at school, students...
LEARNing with Archaeology at James Madison’s Montpelier: Engaging with the Public and Descendants through Immersive Archaeological Programs (2016)
At James Madison’s Montpelier, the LEARN program (Locate, Excavate, Analyze, Reconstruct, and Network) provides visitors with an immersive, hands-on experience in the archaeological process. The week-long LEARN expedition programs for metal detecting, excavation, laboratory analysis, and log cabin reconstruction offer participants an in-depth view of how Montpelier examines, interprets, and preserves its archaeological heritage. This paper examines the efficacy of these programs in communicating...
"Leave Nothing the Enemy Can Use": Impacts of a Confederate Raid (2018)
In March of 1862, Confederate forces in Pensacola, Florida, decided to abandon the area to the Union forces occupying Fort Pickens, situated across Pensacola Bay. To keep all useful assets from the Union Army, the Confederates enacted what would later be known as a "scorched earth policy." As part of this strategy, Lieutenant-Colonel William Beard and his raiding party set out on March 10th to destroy all essential property associated with the lumber industry along the Blackwater and Escambia...
Leaving a Mark: An Analysis of Graphite at Jamestown (2017)
Excavations at the 1607 James Fort site have recovered several pieces of high-quality vein graphite not local to Virginia. Many examples were shaped for use as pencils, but the majority was brought to Jamestown as raw nodules. Tight dating of the graphite found at Jamestown offers new insight into the form in which graphite was sold in London during the early 17th century and into early graphite pencil use. Drawing upon archaeological and documentary evidence, this paper examines the graphite’s...
Legacies of an Old Design: Reconstructing Rapid’s Lines Using 3D Modelling Software (2016)
The Shipwrecks of the Roaring Forties Project was conceived to evaluate new ways of investigating the history of Europeans in the Indian Ocean and Western Australia. As a result, several of the formative maritime archaeology projects conducted on Australia’s early colonial shipwrecks were revisited to apply new techniques, such as digital modelling software, to the legacy data. This paper outlines using Rhinoceros 3D modelling software to generate a three-dimensional model of the American China...
Legacies of Resistance in Postcolonial Yucatán (2018)
The Caste War of Yucatán (1847-1901) is widely regarded a "successful" revitalization movement in the Americas. Construction of historical memories that emerged from the golden age of peasant studies in anthropology highlight redress of colonialism’s socioeconomic disparities, the birth of a new religion, and return to traditional lifeways, which recall the glories of the prehispanic era. But what is the basis of these interpretations? Were the entangled social, economic, political, and...
Legacy Archaeology and Cultural Landscapes at Fort Ouiatenon (2016)
As the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the French fort at Ouiatenon approaches, it is clear that narratives about the area remain focused on the fairly brief affiliation of the New French government with this fur trade site on the Wabash River. In contrast, the archaeological and documentary sources that detail daily life on this landscape speak to the overwhelmingly Native population and sense of place that existed prior to its abandonment in 1791. Several years of archaeological...
The Legacy Of The Minnesota Civilian Conservation Corps: Evaluating Civilian Conservation Corps Camps As Archaeological Properties (2015)
In 2013, Commonwealth Cultural Resources Group, Inc. (CCRG) investigated Minnesota's Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) camps as archaeological properties through funding from the Minnesota Historical Society and the Oversight Board of the Statewide Survey of Historical and Archaeological Sites (Board). The project included developing a comprehensive CCC camp database and documenting 10 Minnesota CCC camps to develop a methodology where Minnesota CCC camps could be evaluated and determined...
The Legal Language of Sex: Interpreting a Hierarchy of Prostitution Using the Terminology of Criminal Charges (2016)
It is generally acknowledged that there was a hierarchical structure to turn-of-the-century sex trade, with madams at the top and streetwalkers at the bottom. But what did this structure mean for the women who inhabited these roles? And how can we access all levels of the hierarchy? Police magistrate court dockets provide a valuable lens through which to analyze prostitution in Fargo, North Dakota during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, these documents speak to...
Legitimizing Atlantis: The Use of Artificial Archaeology to Establish Heritage and a Sense of Place at the Atlantis Resort, Bahamas (2013)
The Atlantis Resort is a formidable presence on the landscape and a tourist destination that overshadows other Bahamian resorts. The Atlantis theme has made the resort a popular topic in archaeological discussions of pseudoarchaeology, and the exhibit named "The Dig" in the lower level of the resort makes this artificial past widely accessible. Attending ten tours through "The Dig" in the summer of 2011 facilitated an analysis of how the Atlantian past is presented to tourists, and how...
Lengthier Studies, Fewer Explosions: How Mass Effect Showcases the Future of Archaeology Through Liara T'Son (2017)
As we celebrate 50 years of the Society for Historical Archaeology, we must decide what our future will look like. In Bioware’s Mass Effect series, we can see what an archaeologist will look like in the future. Liara T’soni is a xenoarchaeologist, alien, and one of the main characters of the series. Throughout her journey, your hero helps her with her professional goals, and her profession helps you accomplish the task of helping the universe. This paper will explore her professional life in the...
Lessons Learned from Simulating Precolumbian Canoe Travel in Eastern North America (2024)
This is an abstract from the "What’s Canoe? Recent Research on Dugouts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. David Hurst Thomas (1972) described how model building and simulation can lead to serendipitous discoveries, that is findings that were not originally intended. In several projects to simulate cost distance of canoe travel in eastern North America, most of the memorable and impactful lessons have been a result of serendipity. This paper will...
Lessons Learned: When the Public Speaks Out (2016)
Public involvement is a critical aspect of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) evaluations, yet many times consultation with the public is treated as an afterthought. Achieving consensus and ensuring stakeholders are afforded the opportunity to provide meaningful input requires adequate time and resources. The lack of an effective program may create risk to achieving project goals. So, how does one engage the public? How can valuable input be solicited? Who are the...
"Let My Body Be Buried Here": Taking a Long View of Chinese Immigrants to the American West (2016)
Many Chinese immigrants spent much of their lives abroad, changing their attitudes toward the host country and picking up cultural competencies. Immigrants joining 1850s communities faced different circumstances than those arriving in the 1880s; and those who remained into the 1920s lived much differently than they would have earlier. Yee Ah Tye was born around 1820 in southern China. He came to California early in the Gold Rush, married, and was the father of many children. Before he died in...
Let’s Talk about a NAGPRA Community of Practice (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. As we reflect on the 30th anniversary of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA), practitioners recognize the progress that has been made and acknowledge the vast amount of work left to be done. In order to meet that challenge, we need to increase capacity for NAGPRA implementation, improve overall engagement with ongoing...
Leveraging Funding To Investigate our Past: NOAA Ocean Exploration’s Grants Program (2023)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Re-Visualizing Submerged Landscapes", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. NOAA Ocean Exploration is the only federal program dedicated to exploring the deep ocean, closing prominent gaps in our basic understanding of US deep waters and the seafloor and delivering the ocean information needed to strengthen the economy, health, and security of our nation. Since 2001, NOAA Ocean Exploration has funded maritime...
LiDAR, Historic Maps, Pedestrian Survey, and Shovel Tests: Defining Slave Independence on Sapelo Island, Georgia (2017)
Slave cabins within two settlements at Bush Camp Field and Behavior on Sapelo Island, Georgia deviate from typical lowcountry Georgia architectural and landscape patterns. Rather than poured tabby duplexes arranged in a linear fashion, excavations in the 1990s by Ray Crook identified two wattle and tabby daub structures—both with slightly different architecture, and both built in an African creolized style. A 2016 University of Tennessee project attempted to locate additional slave cabins in...
Life after Retirement – Lending a Helping Hook to the QAR Project (2018)
Having directed the highly visible and dynamic Queen Anne’s Revenge Shipwreck Project for fifteen years, it seems that completely cutting ties when I retired wasn’t quite possible. First, came with on-going research and interpretation of the QAR bells with my son’s help. Second was an extension of my ties with marine geologists, who bring to bear ever-improving sonar, positioning, and computer technologies, to view how QAR wreckage is faring on the seabed. More recently, my work with a cultural...
Life after Sugar: an Archaeology of the First Generation Post-emancipation in St. Peter’s Parish, Montserrat (2017)
In the first generation after emancipation Montserrat and its residents experienced exceptional difficulties. As the society transitioned from a sugar-based economy, former slaves, estate owners, and colonial authorities collectively struggled with the devastating effects of man-made and natural disasters, including a major earthquake in 1843, and a wide range of social, economic, and legal problems. This paper examines archaeological and historical evidence from St Peter’s Parish, the...
Life Along the Grade: Archaeology of the Chinese Railroad Builders and Maintenance Crews in Utah (2016)
Between 1867 and 1904, hundreds of Chinese workers lived and labored along the railroad grade in deeply rural northwestern Utah. Small section houses served as the only reprieve from the toil of daily labore in the treeless and sun scorched landscapes of Box Elder County. Archaeological inventory spurred by a National Park Service Initiative is identifying sites previously unknown to scholars. These sites are shedding light on the life and experience of the 11-15 Chinese section crews in this...
Life Among the Wind and Waves: Examining Living Conditions on Sailing Vessels Through the Use of Microscopic Remains (2016)
In the summer of 2015, sediment samples were collected from the Storm Wreck, a colonial-era sailing vessel that wrecked off the coast of Florida, with the expectation of recovering microscopic remains that would provide insight into the lives of those aboard the vessel. Sediment samples collected from the Emanuel Point wrecks, also located on the Florida coast, were previously analyzed. This material, which consisted of insect remains, animal bones, and botanical remains painted a picture of...