North America (Geographic Keyword)
601-625 (3,610 Records)
The lives of children enslaved on American plantations are poorly documented and often overlooked in the archaeological record. Excavations at the Hermitage have produced a large number of toys that can provide valuable insights into the lives of this understudied population. Over half of the toys in the DAACS database are from the Hermitage. This paper looks to compare the toys from the Hermitage to those from the other North American sites in DAACS to better understand why the Hermitage has...
Charting Intention: Place and Power on Virginia’s Earliest Maps (2017)
Nothing makes the intentions and aspirations of a colonizing enterprise more apparent than the maps and charts of the spaces they seek to control, particularly their choices of which geographic and cultural features to represent or assign the power of a name. Because of the obvious value as primary documents, a small handful of maps relating to Virginia in the early contact period are used by historians, anthropologists and archaeologists to place and interpret sites and features on the...
Chasing the Cure: The Archaeology of Alternative Health Practices at a Tuberculosis Sanatorium (2018)
Eighty years ago, Cragmor Sanatorium in Colorado Springs, Colorado was a celebrated asylum for wealthy tuberculars and one of the premier facilities in the West. In its heyday, Cragmor housed some of the wealthiest patients in the United States. In the 1950s, the sanatorium contracted with the Bureau of Indian Affairs to treat Navajo women with tuberculosis. Once it became part of the University of Colorado system in 1965, much of the original history was subsumed under the growing campus but a...
Chawan and Yunomi: Japanese Tablewares Recovered from Three Issei Communities in the American West (2017)
Japanese-manufactured ceramics from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been recovered from a variety of archaeological sites throughout Western North America, but large collections and in-depth analyses of pre-World War II assemblages are still relatively rare. As a result, standardized formal, temporal, and functional typologies are only just emerging and site comparisons are often difficult. This paper presents a synthesis of ceramic data from three west coast sites...
Chebacco: The Boat that Built Essex (2018)
Built to save a struggling New England fishing industry, the Chebacco boats were an amalgamation of ship features that rose to prominence after the time American Revolution. This is the boat that gave Chebacco Parish of Masschusettes, the power and influence to become the famous shipbuilding town of Essex. This talk will briefly cover the history and development, the features that make Chebacco boats unique, and finally, we will look at the Coffin's Beach site which shows the example of a...
Checking In: An Examination of the Pend d'Oreille Hotel (2018)
In 1910, people traveling eastward or westward on the Northern Pacific Railroad, would have had an opportunity to get off the train at Sandpoint, Idaho. These travelers may have been lured in by the promise of jobs in lumber, the picturesque lake with mountains surrounding the town, or the "stories" told about this "party" town. Whatever their reason for choosing Sandpoint, one of the first businesses to greet them was the Pend d’Oreille Hotel. Situated adjacent to the railroad tracks it was...
Chemical Mapping in Marine Archaeology: Defining Site Characteristics from Passive Environmental Sensors. (2017)
Remote sensing in a marine environment has expanded quickly over the last decade, seeing the emergence of technology that was only dreamed of over a century ago (Verne 1870). It is with the emergence and consistent operation of marine technology that we see innovative and dynamic use of sensors to discover methods that can help to explore and define the resources we discover and investigate. Studies into the effect that the environment has on archaeological sites has been a particular focus...
Cherokee Community Coalescence in East Tennessee (2018)
This paper focuses on ceramics from 40GN9, a Cherokee site in East Tennessee occupied from the 1400s to 1600s, to investigate the issue of coalescence during the Late Mississippian (A.D. 1350-1600) and protohistoric (A.D. 1500-1700) periods, characterized by disease, widespread demographic and environments shifts, and changes in slaving, warfare, and politics. Through quantification of the attributes of wares, forms, and decorations among 40GN9’s ceramics and examination of the spatial...
"Cherry-Picking" the Material Record of Border Crossings: Artifact Selection and Narrative Construction Among Non-Migrants (2015)
Since 2000, over 4 million people have been apprehended trying to cross without authorization into the U.S. from Mexico via the Arizona desert. During this process millions of pounds of artifacts associated with migration have been left behind. This includes clothes, consumables, and personal effects. Subsequently, humanitarian groups, artists, local U.S. citizens, museum curators, and anthropologists have collected and used these artifacts in a multitude of ways. In this paper we draw on...
Chesapeake Flotilla: America’s Defense of the Bay (2017)
US Navy’s Chesapeake Flotilla was a collection of 16 gunboats assembled under the direction of Joshua Barney to defend the Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812. The Flotilla engaged the Royal Navy in several skirmishes along the Patuxent River but was forced to scuttle the vessels in August of 1814. In 2010-11 Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) and state of Maryland partners excavated sections of the flotilla’s probable flagship, USS Scorpion. Diagnostic artifacts, such as surgical...
Chicago’s Gray House as Underground Railroad Station?: Narrating Resistance, 1856-present (2018)
The Gray House stands within Chicago’s Old Irving Park neighborhood. Known for his anti-slavery stance, John Gray was Cook County’s first Republican sheriff, and a legend arose designating his home a station on the Underground Railroad. As an archaeological project at the site commences, its environs on Chicago’s northwest side feature an emerging network of clandestine routes and collective resistance, focused this time on a population at high risk of federal immigration raids. This paper...
The Children of the Ludlow Massacre: The Impact of Corporate Paternalism on Immigrant Children in Early 20th Century Colorado Coal Mining Communities. (2016)
Coal Miner’s lives in Southern Colorado were fraught with violence and hardships during the Coal Wars. The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company attempted to assimilate ethnically diverse immigrant employees into American society. One of these methods was to impart American values to the children living in company towns. Archaeological work was conducted at the coal mining company town of Berwind, and at the Ludlow Massacre Tent Colony site. Using archaeological evidence and the historical record this...
The Children's Frontier: The Relationship Between the American Frontier Perspective and the Material Culture of Children (2016)
The cultural perspective that developed out of the American West during the expansionary period (1850-1900) is viewed as the product of adults. Characteristics of independence, self-reliance, and gender-role relaxation defined the western individual and group. While the physical and social frontier impacted the adult, their cultural perspective was closely linked to the eastern United States. In contrast, children of the frontier matured in an environment that was at odds with eastern...
Chinatown 1868 to 1920: Rock Springs, Wyoming (2017)
The Chinese settlement in this nineteenth century southwestern Wyoming coal mining town has unique elements. On September 2, 1885, when Chinatown was attacked and burned to the ground. This attack was devastating but by 1885 the Chinese immigrant population that lived in Rock Springs had developed a well-ordered, sophisticated interaction sphere that extended to most mining and railroad communities in southern Wyoming. This presentation looks at how the archaeological evidence from Chinatown...
A Chinese Camp in Nevada’s Cortez Mountains (2017)
Recorded in 1994 and excavated in 2009, site 26LA3061 is a late-19th century Chinese workmen’s camp located in the heart of central Nevada’s Cortez Mining District. The site had multiple habitations including dugouts, tent flats, and stone ruins, which yielded several interesting finds—the 6,000+ artifacts included domestic and foreign coins, lots of opium paraphernalia, and a lock of hair that underwent DNA testing. Cortez was infamous for its successful hiring of a large force of Chinese...
A Chinese Coin and Flaked Glass: The Unrecorded History of Smith Cove (2016)
In the tide flats of Smith Cove was one of Seattle’s small shantytowns, occupied between 1911 and 1941. In 2014, construction monitoring uncovered the remnants of this community, and with it, materials representing an itinerant, low-income, multi-cultural population. The artifacts indicate the presence of Native Americans, Japanese, Chinese, and Euro-Americans, and demonstrate how Smith Cove functioned as a multi-cultural nexus of traditional practices within a modern industrialized urban...
Chinese Immigrant Life in late-19th-century San Jose, California: Macroremains from Market Street Chinatown (2016)
Food provides an excellent means for exploring the experiences of the Overseas Chinese because it is integral to cultural identity and reflects adaptations to new environmental, economic, and social settings. Plant remains recovered from the late-19th-century Chinatown in San Jose, California, present a picture of the complexity of Chinatown life. They represent a variety of activities such as purchasing food and medicine from local farms and Chinese grocery stores to prepare for daily meals and...
The Chinese porcelains from the port of San Blas, Mexico (2018)
The port of San Blas in the Pacific coast of Mexico was designated in 1768 by the viceroy of New Spain as a Spanish navy base. It had a short life span as a port due to its poor planning and changes to the banks of the local river. However, for a few decades it was a busy port rivaling that of Acapulco. From this port, the Californian missions were supplied, Spanish expeditions were dispatched to the Pacific Northwest, and the Spanish forts on the actual territory of British Columbia were...
Chinese Railroad Workers At Central Pacific Stations Ca. 1870s-1880s (2016)
The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) was completed in May 1869. Much of the work on that railroad was carried out by more than 10,000 ethnic Chinese workers. After completion of the railroad many, if not most, of them either returned to China or left for work in the mining industry or construction on other railroads. However, a large number remained with the CPRR to work on railroad maintenance. Ethnic Chinese appear to have been a dominant labor force through the mid 1880s, perhaps longer, as...
Chinese Railroad Workers in Wyoming and Mongolia, 1890-1955 (2015)
Chinese railroad laborers, who worked overseas, left a distinct archaeological foot print where ever they lived. Here we want to look at how this footprint is manifested in Mongolia and Wyoming (1890-1955). This comparison considers the similarity in topography and the dissimilarity in the land the immigrants worked in. What is intriguing is the similarity in material culture and spatial organization. We want to briefly present the similarities and dissimilarities between the two experiences,...
The Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Mexico: Cultural Components, Lithic Industry and the Role of This Pleistocene Site in the Peopling of America (2018)
The high altitude Pleistocene site of Chiquihuite Cave, in the Central-Northern Mexican Highlands, is slowly turning into one of the most important players on the sensitive stage of the debates about the earliest human presence in North America. After the first three exploration seasons and before the imminent continuation of the excavations at this multi-component archaeological site, we can surely talk about several important Late Pleistocene, older-than-Clovis occupational phases. Dozens of...
Christopher Columbus, New Seville And The Taino Village Of Maima In Jamaica (2016)
Stranded in Jamaica for a year in 1503/1504, Christopher Columbus and crew became reliant on the Taino village of Maima for provisions. Knowledge of this and other Taino villages on the Jamaican north coast near present day St Anns Bay led to the establishment of New Seville, a 1509 Spanish colony. With introduced disease, Spanish/Taino conflict and forced labour under encomienda, Taino peoples were all but annihilated by 1534 when New Seville was abandoned. Recent archaeological survey and...
Chronologies of English Ceramic Ware Availability in the 17th-Century Potomac River Valley (2018)
The mercantile networks that connected England to its North American colonial enclaves in the 17th century were tenuous and often fleeting. At the time, the manufacture and exchange of household goods mostly took place within local or regional networks. Thus, colonial access to objects made in the British Isles depended upon the local or regional networks merchants could access on both sides of the Atlantic Basin. Such mercantile uncertainty complicates the traditional means by which historical...
A Chronometric Study of the Peopling of the Americas (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Constructing Chronologies II: The Big Picture with Bayes and Beyond" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The initial peopling of the Americas marks a major event in the expansion of modern humans across the planet. Questions associated with this dispersal remain, however, largely unanswered, with the previously accepted model, “Clovis-first,” effectively refuted. Considering that timing is fundamental in the study of human...
The Church on the Hill: Inter-related Narratives and Conflicting Priorities for the Emory Church Property in Washington, D.C. (2017)
Fort Stevens was one of the only fortifications comprising the Civil War Defenses of Washington that saw combat, during Jubal Early’s raid on July 11-12, 1864. Prior to the Civil War, the land was sold by free African American woman Elizabeth Butler to the trustees of Emory Chapel in 1855 for construction of a church; when Fort Massachusetts was initially constructed in 1861, the church stood within it, but later was razed by the Union army when the fort was expanded and renamed Fort Stevens in...