Republic of Peru (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
676-700 (1,760 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Paisajes Arqueológicos de Pañamarca: Findings from the 2018–2023 Field Seasons" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Excavations in 2023 revealed a previously unexcavated structure in the southern corner of the Moche plaza at Pañamarca. Here we present our findings related to this building, which contains large, well-preserved pillars with anthropomorphized snakes on all facades and the life-sized painting of a Moche...
Health and Disease during the Ecuadorian Formative: A Case Study from Buen Suceso (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Ecuadorian Formative Period (3800-300 BC) is known for the creation of ceramics, a transition towards agriculture, and the development of sedentary settlements along the Pacific coast. These social and economic changes were often associated with declines in health, as people ate less varied agricultural diets and increasingly encountered pathogens...
The Health of the Herd: Considering Camelid Herding from Late Moche Peru (2017)
The herding of camelids in the pre-Columbian past impacted daily and ritual life of peoples residing there. During the Late Moche period of Peru, camelid herding was a major factor in the trade and exchange of goods, people and ideas. The extent of herding and the degree of camelid breeding in the coastal desert has been understudied. This paper will discuss the patterns in camelid age profiles and pathologies to inform the extent to which camelids where traveling along the coast and into the...
Hearths and the Early Ritual Architecture at Middle Archaic Asana (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Illuminated Communities: The Role of the Hearth at the Beginning of Andean Civilization" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Around 7000 years ago, the inhabitants of Asana created what appears to be a kind of ritual structure. Larger and shaped differently when compared to the residential structures nestled around it, the construction contained a hearth wholly unlike those found in its neighbors. Those hearths lit the...
Herds for Gods? Sacrifice and Camelids Management during the Chimú Period (2017)
Although domestic Andean camelids are native from the highlands they have been largely present in the Peruvian coast since the end of Early Horizon (near 200 BC). This presence stresses the symbolic, ritual importance and economic values of camelids. In 2011 an impressive human and animal sacrificial context dating from the Chimú period was found in Huanchaquito near Chan Chan on the northern coast. At least 130 children and 200 camelids were uncovered during the successive excavations that took...
Here's Looking at You: the Ethics and Politics of UAV-based vs. Satellite-based Archaeological Survey in the Andes (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeological Vision in the Age of Big Data" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The collection of geographically extensive archaeological datasets from satellite imagery and sensors mounted on piloted aircraft and UAVs is transforming how archaeologists study the past, enabling us to map sites in difficult terrain, at new levels of detail, and explore social and political transformations at the scale of large regions....
Heritage Conversations with Dos Mangas (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological investigations in Dos Mangas began in 2006, and continued with excavation of a Valdivia village site, Buen Suceso, in 2009, 2017, 2019, and 2022. Those and subsequent excavations have combined archaeological inquiry with community engagement activities such as...
Heritage, Museums, and Place Making at Chavín de Huántar (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Current Dynamics of Heritage Values in the Americas" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Formative site of Chavín de Huántar in Peru is widely regarded as an important early pilgrimage center. This reputation was passed on to Spanish chroniclers by early colonial inhabitants of the site. Yet, in many ways the site has occupied a more important space in the national historical narrative than it has in local history and...
The Hidden Faces of Santa Cruz de Lancha: Ceramics and Structure in Eighteenth-Century Architecture (2018)
The global exchange of ideas and practices in Latin American architecture during the viceregal period (ca. 1520-1825) remains one of the issues at the forefront of scholarly interest. Remarkable insights are gained about how ancient building materials were sustained and translated as architects and novices alike sought to align European design canons with local techniques and materials. Equally informative is how imported materials were incorporated into building practices. In this paper, I...
Hidden Labor: Exploring Food, Gender, and Ritual in the Prehispanic Moche Valley of North Coastal Peru (2018)
Archaeologists have successfully used spatial analyses of different contexts (elite/non-elite, ritual/domestic, public/private, etc.) to examine the intersection of food-related activities with status, political economy, gender, ritual, and the public/private division. In this paper, I consider the intersections of food processing, ritual, and gendered labor through an examination of paleoethnobotanical data from Cerro León, a Gallinazo/Early Moche phase (A.D. 1-300) highland colony in the Moche...
High Altitude Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation in the Lake Titicaca Basin and Endemism (2018)
Scientists have long maintained the upper limits of maize (Zea mays L cultivation was 3,600 masl. Archaeological evidence has documented a particular maize variety called tunqu by indigenous speaking populations, generally cultivated on terraces around the Copacabana Peninsula between 3810 to 4100 masl, in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia. This is the first known maize variety cultivated above 3600 masl. There were wide-spread landscape modifications such as raised fields and terraces geared to...
High C4 plants consumption from the Late Intermediate period in Cuzco region. (2017)
Maize was one of the important crops for Inca political economics as a ritual and a staple food. In previous study of sacrificed children mummies found at Mt. Llullaillaco, the individuals particularly consumed C4 resources (such as maize, amaranth and domestic animals raised with C4 plants) in ritual activities. Contrary, the dietary compositions of Machu Picchu skeletons have shown diversity. The individuals from Mt. Llullaillaco and Machu Picchu were most probably immigrated from different...
High Energy Generation and Elevated Temperature Potential of an Archaic Furnace in Ancient Peru (2018)
We present an aerodynamic and thermal study of the architectonic complex including a fire pit (locally named Fogon Mayor) on top of the largest pyramid in Caral, a society that flourished between 2627 and 2020 cal B.C. near the Pacific coast of present day Peru.The air flow produced by wind on the corridor and ducts feeding the fogon was estimated by various engineering approaches that agreed (within 7-18%) with calculations obtained by fluid-dynamics-modeling of the whole pyramid. Results were...
High-Altitude Andean Wetlands: Classificatory Systems, Nomenclature, and Functional Implications (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Political Geologies in the Ancient and Recent Pasts: Ontology, Knowledge, and Affect" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. High-altitude wetlands, known as bofedales, are vital resources for Andean herding communities because of the high-quality, perennial vegetation they provide. These wetlands are often peat-accumulating, and are attracting renewed attention because of their roles in carbon sequestration and water...
Hillfort Horizons: Rethinking Violence and Egalitarianism during the Andean Late Intermediate Period (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond “Barbarians”: Dimensions of Military Organization at the Bleeding Edge of the Premodern State" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the Central Andes, the era immediately prior to the consolidation of the Inca Empire is known as the Late Intermediate period (LIP, ca. AD 1000–1450), traditionally seen as a "stateless" time between episodes of political centralization. Both Inca and Spanish accounts from the early...
Hilltops and Libations: A New Pattern of Recuay Ritual Space and Practice in the Northern Callejon de Huaylas Valley, Peru (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological studies of ancient hilltop constructions across Peru have revealed how ancient Andean people, often during the so-called “intermediate periods,” protected and defended their village spaces in times of interregional warfare and political balkanization. In the north-central highlands of Ancash, Peru, numerous studies have revealed that the...
Historias de pukaras: Trayectorias locales y diversidad en dos asentamientos de la precordillera del Desierto de Atacama durante el Período Intermedio Tardío y Tardío (900-1532 dC) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Abordamos el fenómeno de los pukara durante los períodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío (900-1532 dC) en la región de Tarapacá del Norte Grande de Chile, a partir del registro arquitectónico y cerámico de dos pukara ubicados en una misma localidad en la precordillera del Desierto de Atacama. Estos asentamientos muestran usos y formas de habitar con...
Historical Gold Mining and Environmental Impact in the Ocoña Valley of Southern Peru (2021)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Environmental and Social Issues within Historical Archaeology (General Sessions)" , at the 2021 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Located at the heart of the ‘Nazca-Ocoña Gold Belt’, Corral Redondo represents one of the most enigmatic archaeological sites in southern Peru. While the site shot to fame after the well-publicized looting of spectacular prehispanic artifacts in the 1940’s, our recent archaeological project...
A Historical Perspective on the Nature of Precolonial Settlements in the Middle Xingu River Basin (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeology in the Xingu River Basin: Long-Term Histories, Current Threats, and Future Perspectives" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In order to understand the processes that generated the rich, complex, and diverse cultural and environmental history present in Amazonia, and specifically along the Xingu River basin, it is crucial that we generate information on when, where, and how small-scale foraging societies...
A History of Knowledge of the Amazonian Dark Earths (2018)
The anthropogenic origin of the Amazonian dark earths (Terra Pretas) has been a methodologically assured fact for 70 years. Especially during the last 30 years, Terra Preta have been scientifically investigated with increasing intensity and in an ever-widening context. Currently, the dominant concept guiding research is the idea of binding atmospheric carbon which artificially produced dark earths. The large-scale production of terra preta is said to be an efficient instrument to combat global...
A History of Landscape Transformation and Environmental Change across the Ascope Irrigation System of the Chicama Valley. (2017)
The sequence of landscape transformation across the area of the Ascope Canal System in the Chicama Valley involved both natural and anthropogenic events and processes that unfolded in nonlinear ways. We argue that early events were crucial in determining transformations later in the sequence. In the arid environment of the North Coast, water availability plays a key role in landscape histories. This paper highlights evidence for El Niño events, water management, and changing ecologies for the...
A History of The Manteño of Bola De Oro: Understanding Manteño Adaptation to a Changing Climate through Age-Depth Modeling and Charcoal Abundance Analysis of Agricultural Landscape Modifications (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A modified agricultural landscape of cultivation terraces and water retention ponds in the high elevations of the Chongón-Colonche Mountains of southern Manabí indicates a shift in agricultural practices by the Manteño civilization of coastal Ecuador (ca. 650–1700 CE). This shift must be understood through time as a societal response to a changing climate...
A History of the Yumbos, Barbacoan Peoples of Northwestern Ecuador (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Many years of archaeological research under my direction coupled with ethnohistoric, linguistic and genetic studies by other scholars have allowed for the compilation of a fairly detailed history of the Yumbos, a cloud forest people of the western flank of the Andes in Pichincha province, Ecuador and members of the Barbacoan language family. I will review...
Holocene Geology and Paleoenvironmental History of the lower Chicama River Valley and Coast (2017)
This paper focuses on reconstructing the Holocene paleoenvironmental history of the lower Chicama River valley and coastal system, which has provided diverse natural resources for the Preceramic cultures at Huaca Prieta and Paredones. The archaeological site of Huaca Prieta is situated on the southern tip of a Pleistocene terrace along the shore, ~3 km north of the Chicama River mouth and floodplain system. Paredones is located 0.6 km to the north on the eastern edge of the terrace. Here we...
Home is Where Your Boat Is: Movements within and around the Titicaca Basin (800 BC–AD 200) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond Borders at the End of a Millennium: Life in the Western Andes circa 500–50 BCE" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Titicaca Basin has long been home to communities of people who navigated their highland landscape effectively. Much research has been devoted to early developments in the southern lake basin (in modern-day Bolivia) as well as later communities on the northwestern side of the lake (in modern-day...