Republic of Costa Rica (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
276-300 (1,574 Records)
In the mid 20th century crates full of Costa Rican antiquities made their way into the United States through the diplomatic immunity of Enrique Vargas Alfaro. Paul Clifford, then a business man in Miami and later donor and curator at the Duke University Museum of Art, purchased works from Vargas in addition to procuring his own pieces from Peru. Clifford's friend Bill Thibadeau of Atlanta and a few of his neighbors enjoyed "block parties" to open the latest Vargas crate and then to divvy up the...
Collections Care and Preventive Conservation in the Archaeological Repository (2018)
The scale and diversity of objects held in archaeological repositories is enormous. Collectively, the actions taken to prevent or delay deterioration of these objects and their associated documents and sample collections are referred to as collections care. Preventive conservation identifies the short and long term priorities for collections care. This paper will explore current trends and topics in archaeological collections care including: object stabilization through storage packaging;...
Collective Intelligence in Cultural Environment: Predictive Models, preservation and valorization of Cultural Identity in a Brazilian context (2017)
The current days are becoming more and more demanding for researches on social sciences, considering the great changes happening globally on the last decades, changes that seem to be happening always on a faster pace than before. Many international institutions, including UNESCO, have been promoting discussions intended to bring new ideas on the role of Humanities on the current society, this from the standpoint of a global perspective. This challenge is also about the integration of knowledge,...
Colonial Cuba: From Indian to Creole (2018)
The construction of the Indian as a colonial category was one of the first resources of domination implemented by the Spaniards in the Antilles. The term with its social, economic and cultural implications served to homogenize and differentiate populations, to eliminate identities of origin and to build a destiny of subordination and disappearance. In Cuba this category was transformed over the last five centuries and adjusted to various historical circumstances. The historical and...
Colonial Encounters in Lucayan Contexts (2017)
There are numerous examples of material and bodily flows (e.g., human transfer, enslavement) between the Lucayans and the Spanish during the period of late fifteenth and early sixteenth century colonial encounters. A variety of indigenous and Spanish items circulated, as relationships were established. These are known from ethnohistoric accounts and archaeological evidence from several different islands and sites located in the Bahama archipelago, including San Salvador, Andros, Long Island,...
Colonial Encounters in the Southern Lesser Antilles (2017)
During the colonisation processes, vast webs of social relationships emerged between Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans in the Lesser Antilles. The intercultural dynamics that materialized during this period were likely contingent on local and regional networks of peoples, goods and ideas which had developed in the Caribbean over the previous 5,000 years. This paper focusses on the impacts of colonial encounters on indigenous Carib societies by studying transformations in settlement pattern...
Colonial Funerary Rituals at the Templo San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia (2018)
This research analyzes the funerary customs in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries as recovered through archaeological exploration in the Jesuit church named Templo San Ignacio in downtown Bogotá, Colombia. These skeletal remains illustrate how from the moment the church was constructed in 1610, the deposition of the deceased beneath the floor was an integral part of the occupation of this sacred space on the periphery of the Spanish colonial empire. While we recovered human remains from...
Colonialism and Tupi Persistence on the South shore of São Paulo state - Brazil (2017)
During the last few decades, many studies deconstructed the traditional colonial narratives about the Americas. They rethought the history with a less eurocentric point of view, emphasizing the dynamic cultural values established among European, Indigenous peoples and Africans, contributing together to combine new and old social practices in colonial situations. This work aims an alternative narrative about Brazilian indigenous peoples, which uses a Tupi settlement located in Peruíbe on the...
Colonization of Paradise: Historical Ecology and Archaeology of El Progreso Plantation, Galápagos (1870–1904) (2017)
Colonization of the Galápagos Islands started soon after Ecuadorian separation from the Gran Colombia in 1830. During this decade the Islands were legally claimed by the Republic of Ecuador and colonization projects started. Exploiting concessions were approved to national and international companies. One of these concessions was assigned to Ecuadorian businessmen Manuel J. Cobos and José Monroy to create an agricultural colony on San Cristóbal Island; 1000 km west from the Ecuadorian coast in...
Colonization, Transformation and Continuities in the Indigenous Caribbean (2018)
The indigenous peoples of the Caribbean were the first to have suffered European colonization of the Americas. From the arrival of Columbus in 1492 the insular territories were transformed in a massive slave raiding arena in which the knowledge of so-labelled ‘indios’ was used and manipulated by the Europeans and transferred across the Caribbean Sea. Indigenous peoples were put to work in the goldmines and farms of Hispaniola, Cuba and Puerto Rico or in the pearl fisheries in Cubagua. On the...
The Colony of a Colony? The Establishment of Plantations in Dominica, c. 1730-1763 (2017)
This paper draws on archival documents held in Dominica, France, and Martinique in order to trace the establishment of a plantation economy that was integral to—yet technically outside the sphere of—French colonial rule in the early modern Americas. Prior to the end of the Seven Years’ War in 1763, European settlement in Dominica was formally prohibited by a series of treaties. Yet surviving notary and Catholic parish records reveal that in the middle decades of the eighteenth century, a number...
Color and Q'iwa: Expecting the Unexpected in Andean Textile Design (2016)
Color is one of many key expressive modes for textiles in particular. Intense, communicative, and not always predictable, Andean textile coloration is a complex issue. Rather than submitting to a "cookbook" delineation of color symbolism (red means blood, etc.), the abstract mindset of ancient and modern Andean societies means that color has many more complex, even philosophical, roles to play in the fiber arts of this area. For instance, purposeful rupturing of regular color patterning...
Coming to the Islands: Strontium and Oxygen Isotope Investigation of Human Mobility in the Bahamian Archipelago (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Advances in the Archaeology of the Bahama Archipelago" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Initial settlement of the Bahamian archipelago is currently thought to have derived from Cuba and/or Hispaniola. The first forays may have been seasonal, with permanent settlement not in evidence until ca. AD 1000. As well as initial settlement, we might expect a continued movement of individuals between the Greater Antilles and the...
Commercial Activity, Trades and Professions in Barrio Ballajá, 1910 - 1940. (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Primary Sources and the Design of Research Projects" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A deeper analysis of the neighborhoods (barrios) of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, during the early 1900’s provides a clearer scope of the complexities of population density and work related activities. For instance, Barrio Ballajá, the smallest neighborhood located to the northwest of the walled city, had a population of...
Commercializing for its People: "Pulperías" and "Ventorrillos" in the City of San Juan, 1910-1920. (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Primary Sources and the Design of Research Projects" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This research is a case study in which the themes of "pulperías" and "ventorrillos", within the walled city of San Juan Puerto Rico in 1910 and 1920, is approached as a potential line of archaeological research. The main objective is to identify the existence of these commercial loci within the study area through the analysis of...
Commoner Landscape, Ritual, and Symbolism in the Shadow of Dos Hombres: Recent Investigations at the Site of Chawak But’o’ob. (2017)
A number of seasons of research at the site of Chawak But’o’ob in the southwestern outskirts of the city of Dos Hombres have revealed an architecturally humble community characterized by dense habitation and extensive landscape modification as well as domestic and public ritual. The evidence suggests that the inhabitants of this farming community had an eye toward symbolism in decisions they made about the disposition of domestic and public structures as well as the manipulation of water and...
Communal Spaces and Ideas of Belonging in a WWII Japanese Incarceration Center (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeologies of Immigration and Refugee Resettlement" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans was based on a questioning of national allegiance and the role of minority groups within this nation. This paper looks at the development of communal spaces at the Amache Incarceration Center in southeastern Colorado and explores the ways these areas express ideas of national and...
Communities of Engaged Performance: Investigating Soundscapes and the Sonorous Past (2018)
The relationship between individuals and urban soundscapes can tell us about the personhood and sonic practices of people in the past. To reconstruct the interaction between a musician and audience in archaeological contexts, I introduce a novel theoretical framework called ‘communities of engaged performance’ (CEP). CEP is defined as the transmission of knowledge through performance resulting in variable group-specific sound practices. CEP is derived and builds upon theories of ‘communities of...
Communities of Practice and Panamanian Majolica Production (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper deals with the production of Panamanian majolica in comparison with other colonial ceramics. Chemical and mineralogical characterization show the use of a distinctive recipe for the production of this colonial ware. These results are consistent with previous interpretations that imply the community of potters controlled the production of the...
Communities of Practice and Sequencing from Older Caribbean Collections in the NMAI and NMNH (2018)
The Caribbean holdings of the National Museum of the American Indian and the Anthropology Department of the National Museum of Natural History contain material from historically important early excavations like those of M. R. Harrington in eastern Cuba in 1915 and Herbert W. Krieger in the Dominican Republic in 1928. Moreover, they include the results of early collection efforts by such luminaries as Jesse W. Fewkes and Theodor de Booy, which means that they contain some of the key specimens...
Communities of Practice and Sound-related Archaeological Collections (2017)
This paper explores an alternative method for examining ephemeral aspects of material culture, such as sound, in the production processes of ceramic pre-Columbian aerophone construction. In a case study of a museum collection from the G-752Rj site in Greater Nicoya, I demonstrate that it is possible to identify groups of producers and evidence of knowledge transfer between persons that may reflect communities of practice. This research has the potential for examining regional trade and migration...
Communities of practice and variability/standardization of the ceramic assemblages: the indigenous people Asurini do Xingu (2017)
I intend to present some results of my ethnoarchaeological research (1996-2016) on the ceramic technology of the Asurini do Xingu, an Amazonian indigenous people (Tupi-Guarani linguistic family) who lives on the banks of the Xingu River - Pará, Brazil. Based on collected data, I will demonstrate the relationship between the social organization of ceramic production and the standardization/variability of these artifacts over time. I will show how in Asurini context, teaching-learning framework,...
Community and the Contours of Empire: The Hacienda System in the Northern Highlands of Ecuador (2017)
Recent archaeological studies of Spanish colonialism have redirected scholarly attention both to the workings of imperialism and the multitude of ways in which marginalized populations navigated and remade the grids of power that constitute empire. A focus on the household and the materiality of everyday life has generated a rich body of evidence by which to tack between multiple scales of social life and foreground the material culture of daily life as constitutive elements in the making of...
Community Complexity and Collapse: A Settlement Analysis of the Ancient Maya Site Contreras Valley, Belize (2018)
The city-state of Minanha, located in west central Belize, reached its zenith and most culturally complex stage by the Late Classic period, 675-810 AD. Only a century later, its royal court had "collapsed". Contreras Valley is a small farming community in the settlement region of Minanha. Decades of research at Minanha and the analysis of artifact frequencies from commoner households allows for a better understanding of the the intra- and inter-community social practices occurring at the site of...
Community Engaged Scholarship and the Oklahoma Public Archaeology Network (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Collaborative and Community Archaeology" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Oklahoma Public Archaeology Network (OKPAN), founded in 2016, recently engaged in strategic planning that has helped streamline our programs and increase the breadth of our community engagement. In our paper, we highlight two initiatives that have proved particularly effective at empowering communities that have traditionally been excluded...