Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
1,076-1,100 (1,426 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Advances and New Perspectives in the Isthmo-Colombian Area" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Since 2007, the project "Cambio social precolombino en San Ramón, Alajuela y sus alrededores" has aimed to reconstruct the trajectory of precolumbian social change (from at least 1000 BC to AD 1550) in this region of Costa Rica using systematic and standardized procedures. The most general and ambitious aim of the project is...
A Record of Changing Pulses and Pathways of Interregional Interaction from Manachaqui Cave in the Northeastern Peruvian Cloud Forest (2018)
Results from analyses of deep, stratified cultural deposits excavated at Manachaqui Cave (3,620 m) in the ancient Chachapoyas region provide a "window" on changing patterns of interregional interaction in Peru’s northern ceja de selva. Located beside a pre-Hispanic paved road, the rock shelter accommodated mobile foragers, cultivators, travelers, and llama caravans moving through networks connecting societies north, south, east, and west. Despite several chronological gaps, Manachaqui’s sequence...
Recovering the iconography of the one snuff tray ever collected in Tiahuanaco (Bolivia) (2017)
The Musée du Quai Branly holds a snuff tray allegedly from Tiahuanaco. It was collected by the geologist Georges Courty during the archaeological excavations conducted on the site by the French Scientific Mission to South America in 1903. The wooden artifact, with inlays of turquoise and metal, is delicately sculpted in low relief, perforated and engraved. Its fragmentary condition has restricted its analysis. A study and conservation plan enabled the recovery of its shape (trapezoidal) and...
Recreating the Late 19th Century Urban Landscape of Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, Puerto Rico. (2018)
Throughout the 19th century, the Spanish colonial capital of Puerto Rico, San Juan underwent an urban expansion outside its city walls. Puerta de Tierra, a neighborhood located east of the walls, registered a steady growth between the 1870s and 1890s. Through the use of primary documents such as maps, construction permit requests, blue prints, and historical photographs it is possible to reconstruct part of this urban landscape. This information in combination with census records can also help...
A rectory divided: mediation of space in a colonial town in the southern Peruvian highlands (2017)
During the 16th century Viceroy Toledo ordered a series of reforms in the Viceroyalty of Peru that involved the forced resettlement of the native population into planned nucleated settlements (reducciones). Toledo believed that these standardized built environments, in conjunction with ecclesiastical regulation, would produce idealized colonial communities. This paper presents the initial results of recent excavations in the rectory at Mawchu Llacta, a reducción in the Colca Valley. The rectory...
Redes viales y prácticas de movilidad en los Valles Occidentales meridionales, área Centro Sur Andina (2017)
En este estudio proponemos una reconstrucción de la red vial de los Valles Occidentales meridionales. A partir de un trabajo de analisis e interpretación de imágenes satelitales. Esta red estuvo organizada sobre la base de diez rutas troncales, diecisiete nodos de primer orden y siete de segundo orden. Analizamos el funcionamiento del sistema de senderos, caminos y poblados durante los períodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío y su relación con prácticas de movilidad diversas y convergentes....
Reevaluating an Offering Cache from Isla La Plata, Ecuador (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Coastal Connections: Pacific Coastal Links from Mexico to Ecuador" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. From the Middle Formative onwards, La Plata Island was gradually incorporated into developing local and regional networks of exchange along the Pacific littoral of Ecuador. The island also became the focus of increasing ritual activity evidenced in the material remains of offerings made on the coastal bluffs and at the...
Reevaluating the end of the Early Intermediate Period on the Peruvian coast from the perspective of the Lima culture (2017)
El fin del Periodo Intermedio Temprano en la arqueología peruana ha sido cronológicamente ubicado alrededor del 600 AD y culturalmente es representado por el final de culturas costeñas como Moche, Lima y Nasca. Alrededor del 600 AD hay evidencia de un evento extraordinariamente fuerte de El Niño, el cual ha sido registrado en sitios arqueológicos desde Piura hasta Lima. Este evento (o eventos), fue anteriormente interpretado como una importante causal de la caída de estas culturas costeñas, sin...
Reevaluating the Pre-Columbian Colonization of the Caribbean using Chronometric Hygiene and Bayesian Modeling (2017)
The timing and pattern of initial human arrival to the Caribbean islands is discontinuous and anomalous, especially considering their proximity to both mainland areas and adjacent islands. With the exception of Trinidad, which was probably colonized ca. 8000 BP—but was connected to mainland South America during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene (and remains close to Venezuela)—some of the Antilles appear to have been colonized quite early ca. 7000-6000 BP, while others were settled centuries...
Reflectance Transformation Imaging: New Methods in Documenting Preclassic Maya Graffiti from Holtun, Guatemala (2018)
In the late 19th century, explorers identified graffiti etched in stucco walls of residences, palaces, and temples in the Maya Lowlands. By the mid-20th century, scholars acknowledged that the ancient Maya produced these incised images. Today, archaeologists struggle with documenting these instances of graffiti with precision and accuracy, often relying solely on to-scale line drawings to best represent the graffitied image they see before them. These images can be complex, multilayered, and...
Reflections on the Life, Career and Influence of Stephen D. Fretwell (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Fifty Years of Fretwell and Lucas: Archaeological Applications of Ideal Distribution Models" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Steve Fretwell served as a Visiting Maytag Professor at Arizona State University in the Biology Department in 1976-1977. He was a well-published, aspiring young evolutionary ecologist and taught several courses and seminars. I was a first-year graduate student in anthropology at that time and had...
Refuge, Frontier, No Man's Land: The Changing Nature of the Andean Cloud Forests (2017)
This paper will consider the Amaybamba Valley of southern Peru as an ecological and political frontier zone, from the late prehistoric era until the early colonial period. The Amaybamba region is a part of the cloud forest zone of the eastern Andean slopes, and is thus located where the highlands rapidly shift into the warm tropical lowlands of Amazonia. It is a region that has a complex and highly variable history, one reflecting its environmental characteristics, but often in unpredictable...
Regional Contexts of Sexual Harassment in the United States: A Comparison of the SEAC and SCA Surveys (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Presidential Session: What Is at Stake? The Impacts of Inequity and Harassment on the Practice of Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Sexual harassment has long been rampant in the discipline of archaeology, and until recently, our collective understanding of its pervasiveness and effects has been largely anecdotal. Recent surveys on the topic aimed at the memberships of the Southeastern Archaeological...
Reimagining Creole. The Deep History of Mixed Identities in the Windward Islands, Lesser Antilles (2018)
The Lesser Antilles are known as an arena of to- and froing of peoples from different areas of the insular Caribbean and coastal mainland areas of south America during its entire pre-colonial history. Migration, and intensive networks of human mobility and exchange of goods and ideas have created diverse ethnic/cultural communities across these small islands. These, coupled with constantly shifting alliances among the various peoples have resulted in what can only be described as Creole...
Rejection and Reinvention: a diachronic perspective on ritual and collapse in the south central Andes (2017)
Scholarship on Tiwanaku (AD 600-1000) emphasizes the ceremonial nature of its capital city and the role of ritual practice in incorporating diverse groups as the state’s influence expanded across the south central Andes. Although debate continues about its cause, recent research indicates that the Tiwanaku state’s political collapse played out over several centuries. In this paper, I draw on data spanning that period of fragmentation to take a diachronic perspective on the ways in which ritual,...
Relaciones Sociales y Medioambientales en Selin Farm a través del Análisis de su Conjunto Arqueomalacológico (2018)
El motivo al cual se llevó acabo la presente tesis es para adquirir conocimientos sobre las interacciones humanas con su medioambiente de las sociedades prehispánicas que vivieron en el Noreste de Honduras, por medio de un análisis de conchas de moluscos excavadas en el año 2016. Estas investigaciones son parte del Proyecto Arqueológico Regional Islas de la Bahía (PARIB). El material arqueomalacológico proviene del sitio arqueológico Selin Farm, ubicado en el departamento de Colón en las...
A Relationship between Seasonal Flooding and Raised Agricultural Fields in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia (2018)
The Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia, a seasonally flooded savanna region in the western Amazon lowlands, has several types of artificial landscape modifications that point to a significant pre-Columbian occupation with some approximately as old as 500BCE. These earthworks include 40-50,000 raised fields which were used as a regional-wide agricultural technique to grow a variety of crops. This paper focuses on the relationship of these fields to their hydrological environment. Using GIS in conjunction...
Relationships between Oceanographic and Social Changes on Fishermen Populations during the Middle Holocene. A case study from Taltal (25°C South), Northern Coast of Chile (2017)
The existence of a marked paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic transition during the Middle Holocene on a global scale is well documented. Along the Pacific Coast of South America, temporal trends in the 14C reservoir effect during the Holocene show contrasting patterns between Southern Peru-Northern Chile and central Chile, pointing to significant changes in the structure of ocean currents and the origin of upwelling waters along coastal Northern Chile during the Holocene. The strong latitudinal...
Religion and power in the Middle Horizon: Castillo de Huarmey imagery and styles (2017)
The idea that diffusion of a proselytizing religion is one of the main factors that generated the horizon effect follows the research on Wari and Tiwanaku phenomena since its inception. The seminal works of Dorothy Menzel have also convinced generations of scholars about the alleged relationship of these phenomena with the Wari empire ideology and on the particular role that the sanctuary of Pachacamac fulfilled in this process. The analysis of rich ceramic and textiles from Castillo de Huarmey,...
Religious Practices of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Reconstructing the Political Organization of Pre-Columbian Nicaragua" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Colonial period ethnohistorical sources recorded the religious practices of the Contact period Nicarao of Pacific Nicaragua, including a pantheon of deities, use of a ritual calendar, and other ceremonies. These were closely affiliated with the religion of Nahua central Mexico, linked to the purported migration of...
Remembering Valdivia through a Unique Manteño Burial at Buen Suceso (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Burials have long been considered primary sources of information regarding social ranking and inequality, social understandings of ancestors, conceptions of death, diverse representations of identity and agency, and emotional expressions of mourning and loss (see Baitzel 2018; Buikstra...
Remodeling the Liturgical "Backstage" of the Parish of Santa Cruz de Tuti, Colca Valley (Arequipa, Peru) (2017)
The Toledan resettlement during late decades of the 16th century in the viceroyalty of Peru involved a series of changes in the territory for Andean people at different levels, from household to the public and religious spheres. In the case of the reducción (planned colonial town) of Santa Cruz de Tute, the religious sphere was transformed and materialized into a new core of buildings and spaces: the church, its parish, and plazas. The parish and casa cural (rectory) was a liminal space in terms...
Remote-sensing Prospection of Recuay Architecture in the Jancu Region, Callejón de Huaylas, Peru (2017)
The Recuay tomb of Jancu has contributed significantly to our understanding of Recuay mortuary practices and ancestral veneration. This subterranean tomb, which housed the remains of several elite individuals and finely-crafted offerings, is typically discussed in isolation from its broader context. To date, no formal archaeological research has been conducted in the surrounding region, but recent preliminary surveys by the authors revealed numerous Recuay and Post-Recuay residential and...
Reorganización socio-política entre lago y montañas: El sitio de Los Naranjos y la cuenca de Yojoa durante el Postclásico Temprano (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Postclassic Mesoamerica: The View from the Southern Frontier" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Durante la transición entre Clásico y Postclásico (siglos IX-XII dC), se observan notables cambios en las dinámicas de ocupación y la organización socio-política de los sitios del Noroeste de Honduras, así como en las redes de intercambio a larga distancia con la Zona Maya o la Gran Nicoya. Sin embargo, debido a las...
Repatriation at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (2018)
Repatriation at the National Museum of Natural History is conducted under the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) Act of 1989, as amended in 1996, and involves the return of affiliated human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony. In the 28 years since the passage of the NMAI Act, the museum has affiliated over 6,000 individuals and thousands of objects and completed over 120 repatriations to Native Alaskan, Native Hawaiian and Native American...