Republic of Ecuador (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
1,501-1,525 (1,695 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Lost in Transition: Social and Political Changes in the Central Southern Andes from the Late Prehispanic to the Early Colonial Periods" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Tambo Colorado is one of the most impressive Inca sites on the coast of Peru. Its mural paintings have drawn attention and yet, little is known about it, in particular about its pre-Inca occupation and its possible re-occupation after the Spanish...
Tapajó Group Routes Networks, Santarém and Belterra Region, Lower Amazon, Brazil (2018)
From the 10th until the 18th century, the Tapajó Indians inhabited the present city of Santarém and the surrounding region. The material culture associated with this group is distributed between the Trombetas and Xingu rivers - west/east - and Almeirim until the middle Tapajós Rivers – north/south. Archaeological and ethnographic data demonstrate that the Tapajó produced the elaborate Santarém pottery. This particular region is characterized by a rich and varied archaeological modified landscape...
A Taste for Tubers: The Circulation of the Familiar through the Ancient Titicaca Basin (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists track the social, political, and economic dynamics of the ancient Lake Titicaca basin through the circulation of people and things. Plant things, in particular, reveal food choices, quotidian diets and special meals, and broader trade relations before and after the settling of the urban center of Tiwanaku. In this paper, we discuss...
Technical Knowledge, Metal Artisans, and Moche Visual Culture: A View from Piura, Peru (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Movement of Technical Knowledge: Cross-Craft Perspectives on Mobility and Knowledge in Production Technologies" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Technical knowledge is passed along through individuals and the exchange of objects. While technical studies of artifacts illuminate the physical evidence of evolutions in manufacturing processes, what are the mechanisms via which ideas are exchanged? What is the role of...
A Technical Study of Post-Fire Painted Paracas Ceramics: Regional Exchange and Material Culture (2018)
The Paracas culture and its impressive pottery tradition developed along the south coast of Peru in the Early Horizon period (approximately 800-100BC). A scientific study of manufacturing techniques and materials of post-fire painted Paracas ceramics at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) and Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA) found a correlation between changes in material use and iconography and vessel form across time. Differences between colorant composition in the Formative/Early...
TECHNOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE ANCIENT HOLOCENE IN THE CENTRAL PLATEAU OF BRAZIL AND BORDER SOUTHWESTERN BRAZIL WITH URUGUAY (2017)
We’ll present reflections about the technological variability of two regions of Brazil, the Central Plateau and the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Both are dated from the ancient Holocene and the results comes from techno-functional analysis applied in lithic materials evidenced in sites of these regions. The Central Plateau is characterized by the Itaparica Techno-complex, composed of instruments with silhouette easily identifiable. The technical design allows a standardized hafting and...
Technologies of Clay: Pottery, Architecture, and the Transformation of Mud in the Atacama Desert (South-Central Andes) (2018)
In the Atacama Desert, pottery is one of the main technological changes of the Formative Period (ca. 2700 BP). The initial industry (LCA type) is characterized by a stylistic homogeneity coupled with a wide geographical distribution. Compositional analyses, however, have shown a significant regularity in pastes, suggesting the use of localized sources of raw materials and/or specific production centers—indicative of a well-defined recipe and style. Provenance studies have identified a locus of...
Technology and Social identity on the North Coast of Peru (2018)
Drawing on nearly three decades of inspiration from and collaboration with Rita Wright, this paper explores the relationship between craft technologies and social identities on the North Coast of Peru over the longue durée. The technologies used to manufacture goods were themselves meaningful, often considered to be divinely inspired and certainly a key element in determining the value and significance of both everyday and esoteric objects. As transformative processes, the methods and...
Tecnología cerámica, análisis petrográfico y técnicas arqueometricas en cerámicas policromas de las fronteras de Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina (2018)
Los materiales cerámicos arqueológicos polícromos denominados "vírgulas o comas" tienen una amplia pero desigual distribución espacial y son hallados en cantidades limitadas en sitios arqueológicos de las regiones de Puna norte, central y Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Noroeste de la República Argentina. Estas regiones mantienen límites ambientales y geográficos fronterizos. En el pasado los habitantes de ambas zonas sostenían una fluida comunicación, mantenido formas identitarias diferentes...
Tecnología lítica y movilidad durante el poblamiento temprano del Desierto de Atacama Meridional (Chile) (2017)
Actualmente se reconoce que los grupos humanos que colonizaron el Desierto Meridional de Atacama (22-25°S) desde la transición Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno temprano (12.6-10.2 ka AP) accedían a la amplia diversidad de ambientes disponibles en este árido paisaje. Desde los oasis de borde de salar, los paleohumedales y quebradas de la precordillera, hasta los paleolagos de la alta puna, estos espacios fueron articulados a través de circuitos de movilidad estacional. Por otro lado, la colonización...
Tello and Carrión Cachot on Recuay Culture: A Visual Archaeology (2018)
While the achievements of the great Peruvianist Julio C. Tello and his theories about Andean civilisation are well-chronicled, much less work has addressed his engagements with archaeological illustration, its practices and desires, especially beyond his signature Chavín work. This paper examines the imagery and arguments of key publications by Tello and his student and intellectual disciple, Rebeca Carrión Cachot, on the Recuay culture (ca AD 100-700). Together, they discerned the culture’s...
The Tension between Standardization and Regionalism in Cord-Keeping in Tawantinsuyu (2018)
Studies of the extant corpus of some 1,000 khipus from different regions around the former territory of the Inka Empire – Tawantinsuyu – show evidence of contradictory forces at work in terms of the forms and degree of standardization of recording structures and techniques. While, on one hand, there are marked differences in certain features of khipus from one region to the next throughout the empire, there are, on the other hand, notable similarities in other features. This paper examines the...
Tent City and Midden Islands: Spatial Organization and Domestic Architecture at the Eleventh-Century Los Batanes (Southern Peru) (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the wake of Tiwanaku state collapse (eleventh century CE), the hyperarid coast of southern Peru became a refugium for diasporic groups who abandoned their homes in the south-central Andean highlands and middle valleys. The reorganization of post-Tiwanaku society in the region manifests in shifting settlement patterns and subsistence strategies, and new...
The Terraced City (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Standing architecture is an important and impressive part of Inca Cusco, but comprises only a portion of the pre-Columbian built environment. Developing a sense of the grand plan of Cusco involves forgetting our fascination with the standing architecture and concentrating on recreating the three-dimensional form of the terraces that formed the surface...
Textile Coca Containers from Chiribaya Alta, Peru (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. While the bioarchaeology of Chiribaya Alta is well documented, there is little available data from the textiles at the site. This poster presents data from three types of textile coca containers recovered from the mortuary contexts at Chiribaya Alta. These are chuspas, or coca bags, which are brightly colored and often decorated with three stripes of...
There Are No Chiefs Here: Contrasting Questions of "Marginality" in Kaupō, Maui, and the Mauna Kea Adze Quarry, Hawaiʻi Island (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Rethinking Hinterlands in Polynesia" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. While core-periphery studies have long been employed to highlight distinctions between areas within a shared sociopolitical sphere, less articulated is what it means to actually be "peripheral." Or, for that matter, "liminal," "a hinterland," or "marginal," among others. This paper uses examples from two regions, the district of Kaupo, Maui, and the...
Thermal Processes on Tropical Archaeological Shell: An Experimental Study (2018)
Tropical archaeological shell middens throughout Australasia provide valuable information about subsistence practices, environmental changes, and human occupation. One of the major anthropic processes that can occur in any midden site is burning or heating of the shell, either from cooking or heat-treating shell for working. Thermal influences on marine shell are poorly understood across all disciplines, including archaeology. Burning or heating may not always show any visual signs and rather...
Thin Section Petrography of Inka Pottery from Pachacamac, Peru (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This study investigates the organization of production for Inka pottery at Pachacamac from several contexts throughout the site’s ceremonial core and elite residential sector. Pachacamac was a major Ychsma center on Peru’s central coast that was transformed into a major Inka provincial center around 1470 C.E. The Inka constructed a number of buildings and...
Thinking about Ecotopes: Two Thousand Years of Landscape’s Continuities and Discontinuities in the North Coast of the Central Andes (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This work seeks to analyze the continuities and discontinuities on the landscapes occupied by ancient Moche (an archaeological culture which flourished on the north coast of the central Andes between the first and eighth centuries) and contemporary populations. We intend to refine the discussion about the effectiveness and limitations of the ecotopes concept –...
Thinking outside the map: Alternative approaches to data visualization (2017)
One of the more promising applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in archaeology is the potential to incorporate aspects of human perception and experience of the landscape. Visibility analysis has been applied extensively to archaeological contexts, and models of movement, acoustics and other sensory experiences have recently received greater consideration. But despite the promise of moving beyond measurements of geographic space, most applications of experiential modeling continue...
Thinking Transition: The Processes of Ethnogenesis (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Peering into the Night: Transition, Sociopolitical Organization, and Economic Dynamics after the Dusk of Chavín in the North Central Andes" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The study of Andean prehistory divides broader cultural eras or horizons which have their own distinct and well-discernible characteristics; political and social structures and material and symbolic traditions. Between these eras of (relative)...
The Thorny Problem of Spondylus Sourcing in the Ancient Andes (2018)
Archaeologists have long been fascinated with the exploitation and exchange of Spondylus spp. across the ancient world. This is especially true for the Andes, where the "thorny oyster" has been found far afield from its tropical breeding sites along the coasts of Ecuador and northern Peru. However, factors such as the uneven development of archaeology between Peru and Ecuador and the persistence of certain myths about Andean Spondylus have led to a "black-boxing" effect where exchange from...
A Thousand Years of Wetland Management at Hacienda Zuleta in the Ecuadorian Andes (2023)
This is an abstract from the "2023 Fryxell Award Symposium: Papers in Honor of Timothy Beach Part II" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Nestled within a deeply incised valley in the eastern cordillera of the Andes, the archaeological site of Zuleta is an immensely humanized hydrologic landscape. A complex network of perennially and seasonally wet streams and canals crisscross the pastures along the valley floor carrying water from the paramo to the...
Three Case Studies of Andean Metalworking (2018)
The history of South American metalworking still presents a number of unresolved questions, despite decades of archaeological and historical research. This is especially true for the Andean region, where in prehistoric times alloys of copper as well as precious metals were crafted into intricate objects. Here, analytical metallographic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infra-red (IR) spectroscopy are used to investigate different aspects of...
Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Modeling of Ceramic Whole Vessels from Pachacamac, Peru: Challenges, Considerations, and Applications (2018)
In recent years, photogrammetry has emerged as a low-cost solution for the digital preservation of archaeological sites and artifacts. Beyond preservation, the creation of three-dimensional models allows archaeologists and researchers to ask questions of objects or sites remotely and at more refined scales. It also allows sites or active excavations and objects not on display to be accessible to the public. Whole ceramic vessels from Max Uhle’s 1897 excavations at Pachacamac, curated at the Penn...