South America (Geographic Keyword)
401-425 (1,291 Records)
The site of Chavín de Huántar, in the Peruvian Andes, exhibits an extraordinary amount of variability and complexity. In order to better understand this diversity, ceramic fragments from different contexts within the site were sampled, specifically for paste analysis. An initial macroscopic analysis suggested higher variability in pastes within the ceremonial center than within the residential area across the river. It also showed that the fragments from different contexts within the ceremonial...
Excavaciones arqueológicas en la pirámide de Huataviro (2015)
A mediados del 2009 en la parroquia de San Antonio de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, el descubrimiento casual de una tumba rica en ofrendas dentro una pirámide prehispánica atrajo la atención pública y permitió el inicio de una intervención arqueológica. Las plataformas piramidales constituyen un elemento recurrente en varios de los asentamientos prehispánicos tardios del denominado País Caranqui. Las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas en la pirámide de Huataviro, arrojan nuevas luces...
Excavation and Survey in the Argentine Andes: Preliminary Field Report of the First IFR Field School in Uspallata, Mendoza (2017)
The first field school in the Uspallata valley, Mendoza, took place in 2016 and was organized by the Institute for Field Research (IFR). Its goals were to clarify the use of the landscape over the last two thousand years by people with an economy that incorporated hunting, gathering, small-scale agriculture, and possibility llama herding. Research was near one of Mendoza’s best known archaeological sites, Cerro Tunduqueral. This site’s dense rock art has been known for decades, but little is...
Excavations at Huaca Soto: 2000 Years of Ritual Reuse at a Paracas Platform Mound, Chincha, Peru (2015)
Huaca Soto is one of the best preserved pre-Columbian platform mounds in the Chincha Valley and perhaps the largest standing example of Paracas monumental architecture on the south coast. Excavation in the huaca’s western-most sunken court in 2014 yielded a sequence of ritual deposition stretching from the Paracas Formative through the Inka Period. While the mound’s substructure and earliest occupation levels are squarely associated with Paracas post-fire resin painted wares and architectural...
Excavations at Vilcabamba (2016)
After the Incas failed to regain control of their capital city from the Spaniards in 1536, many Inca loyalists withdrew into the Vilcabamba region. Over the next 40 years of organized indigenous resistance to Spanish rule, much of the Inca royal court was centered in the town of Vilcabamba and a host of critical events occurred in the region. Despite the important role that the city of Vilcabamba held in the final years of the Inca Empire, there have been few archaeological projects aimed at...
Exchange Competition in Coastal Ecuador during the Late Integration Period (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Political Economies on the Andean Coast" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Exchange relationships were fundamental for the rise of political complexity in ancient coastal Ecuador. Prior to the Spanish conquest, three regional polities compete to dominate long-distance exchange systems in the coast. But, while most of the literature focuses on the Manteños, given to the rich chronicle data, few studies have emphasized on...
Exchanges in Stone: Tracing the influence of Amazonian peoples on Andean ones as expressed in the rock art of Huánuco, Peru (2015)
Recent fieldwork documenting hundreds of rock art panels in the region of Huánuco, Peru has allowed the author to begin to establish a more finely tuned chronology than has previously been possible. The process of revealing this chronology involves stylistic seriation using such features as color, line thickness, superpositions, and preference for particular design features during certain periods and in certain groups. One of the surprising revelations of this work has been the widespread...
Exit and Voice in Central Brazil: the Politics of Flight In Kayapo Society. In Dialectical Societies: the Ge and Bororo of Central Brazil (1979)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Expansión de la Cerámica Chancay en el valle de Checras en la Sierra Norte de Lima (2015)
La presente investigación brinda los primeros resultados de los trabajos exploratorios de excavación llevados a cabo en el sitio arqueológico de Tupish, localizado en el valle de Checras, en la sierra norte de la región Lima en Perú. Encontrándose evidencia cronológica relativa de su ocupación cultural que abarcaría de manera discontinua desde el periodo formativo medio hasta la época Inca. Esta convergencia cronológica y foránea mostraría indicios de los intercambios culturales o influencias...
THE EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION OF TWO SOUTHERN DESERTS: CASE STUDIES FROM THE PUNA AND PATAGONIA (2015)
The peopling of South America is a subject that has been discussed from many angles, including timing, migration routes, genetics, among others, and at various scales of analysis. In this paper we take on a supra-regional scale of analysis and examine stone tool assemblages from a series of Pleistocene/Holocene transition and Early-Middle Holocene sites located in two desert areas on the eastern side of the Andes –Patagonia and the high Puna. Our objective is to assess how these lithic...
Explorations of Public Space at the Site of Panquilma (2015)
This work discusses and explores the results of excavations performed in the public sector of the site of Panquilma, located in the Lurin Valley on the central coast of Peru. It was a complex multicomponent community dating to the Late Intermediate Period, which has been divided into three sectors based on use. The first sector, containing three ramped pyramids, was used for ritual and administrative purposes. This work provides an examination of what is known about the uses of the public areas,...
Exploring Infatigable (1855): First insights from Archaeology into the mid-Nineteenth Century Chilean Navy (2018)
Infatigable was a Chilean Navy sailing transport vessel, lost in the harbour of Valparaiso (32° S) in 1855 as a consequence of an accidental explosion and subsequent fire. Positively identified in 2005, the wrecksite designated site S3 PV has been archaeologically investigated comprehensively during the last decade. The underwater survey and excavations conducted recorded the structural remains of the hull and produced a numerous and varied artefact assemblage to be analyzed. The material...
Exploring Macrobotanicals of Tenehaha from the Cotahuasi Valley, Peru (2015)
In this paper we present macrobotanical data from the Peruvian archaeological site of Tenehaha in the Cotahuasi Valley. Soil samples from archaeological excavation areas were recovered by Justin Jennings and his field crew from the Tenehaha site. These soil samples were floated in order to sieve out the botanical remains of the ancient past lives of Peruvians at a ritual and ceremonial burial site of Tenehaha. Our analysis revealed new insights into site use and the distribution of botanical...
Exploring Social Differences as Evidenced by Measures of Physical Activity and Skeletal Health in a Muisca Population (950-1400 AD, Soacha, Colombia) (2016)
The human skeleton is a dynamic tissue that changes over the lifetime in response to particular variables such as an individual’s diet, health, sex, and physical activity. Studying human long bones, such as femurs and humerii, for measures of bone quantity and shape can provide insights into the ways that the skeleton reflects the amounts and types of work performed during life. The Muisca, from northern Colombia, are often characterized as highly stratified societies where social differences...
The Expression of Human Identity on Wari Faceneck Vessels (2015)
For the Wari civilization of the ancient Andes, the production and distribution of prestigious ceramics painted with religious and secular iconography likely functioned as a type of materialized ideology that contributed to the Wari agenda of imperial expansion. One particular ceramic form favored by the Wari was the faceneck vessel: a tall-necked globular vessel with a human face sculpted onto the base of the neck. These anthropomorphic vessels have been found in elite tombs and offering...
Expressions of Power in Public Architecture in the Lurín Valley (2015)
This paper examines public architecture and expressions of power in the Lurín Valley of central-coast Peru. During the Late Intermediate and Late Horizon Periods, adobe pyramids with ramps characterize the public architecture of sites in the valley. Analysis of the architectural configuration of pyramids with ramps in relation to domestic compounds within the public sectors of the settlement indicates a hierarchical arrangement. The conspicuous design and placement of the pyramids suggest a...
Extensification in Archaeology (2016)
The concept of extensification was used in a ethnographical sense, particularly by L. Binford (2001). It was deeply related with the new organization of American hunter-gatherers when horses were introduced in the continent by European people. The main examples to introduce this concept were the Great Plains societies in North America and the Tehuelche society in Patagonia, South America. However, the use of the concept of extensification in an archaeological perspective is not very usual....
Extinct Mid-Holocene Maize from the Monte Castelo Shell Mound, Rondônia, Brazil. (2017)
In the Brazilian Amazon, mid-Holocene maize (Zea mays) grains have been found in archaeological deposits of the Monte Castelo shell mound. The morphological differences are pronounced between these and grains from both modern maize races of the Amazon and those found beginning around 1,500 years ago at other sites in the region. Our research explores the history, from 3900 BP, and use of this extinct maize. The presence of cultivars rich in carbohydrates in the Amazon has traditionally been...
Extramarital Sexual Practices of the Ramkokamekra-Canela Indians: An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Factors. In: Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent (1974)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Fabrics of the South American Desert Coast: The Study of the Marine Hunter-Gatherer's Plant Fiber Technology in the Atacama Desert (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Textile Tools and Technologies as Evidence for the Fiber Arts in Precolumbian Societies" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This research aims to study the earliest fabric artifacts made by marine hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Peru-Chile desert coast. Thanks to the aridity of this area, I use a remarkable amount of well-preserved plant-fiber materials, most belonging to the world’s oldest Chinchorro mummies buried...
Faces of the Feast: The Spatial Organization of Face-Neck Jars in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru. (2017)
Chicha was consumed in large quantities during social gatherings and feasting events at a number of ceremonial locales including hinterland sites, in the Jequetepeque River Valley, Peru, during the Late Moche. Face-neck jars were used in the brewing and serving of corn beer and depict supernaturals and elite lords with elaborate headdresses and earspools. This research showed the degree to which face-neck jars were standardized in manufacture and design and how this may have contributed to the...
Facial Asymmetry: Bio-indicators of stress in post-Wari populations (2015)
The role of climatic conditions on sociopolitical systems has been a highly discussed theme in archaeology. Over the past decade, archaeology has had great advancement in the realms of method and theory which have facilitated interpretations of environmental influences on social development. This paper presents research that investigates the biological responses to either environmental or social stresses to help elucidate how ancient Andean populations coped during periods of climatic...
Far South: An altiplanic settlement in Northwestern Argentina (2017)
Pueblo Viejo de Tucute is the southernmost prehispanic (Late Intermediate Period) settlement with altiplanic roots so far recorded. It has nearly 600 dwellings installed in the mountain range southwest from Casabindo in the Puna de Jujuy, an altiplano like highland. The site is unique in the area, with particular architectonic features that differ from contemporaneous sites (Puna de Jujuy, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Valle Calchaquí). The houses are round, well built in cut stone with a diameter that...
Feasting and Ritual Reuse: Analysis of the Faunal Assemblage from Huaca Soto, Chincha, Peru (2016)
Huaca Soto, a monumental Paracas platform mound in the Chincha Valley, experienced centuries of post-Formative reuse that continued well into the Inca Period. Two seasons of extensive excavation have yielded a massive assemblage of feasting debris within the mound’s uppermost sunken court dating to the mid-first millennium CE. Communal feasting in the ancient Andes is widely acknowledged to have been both a ritually and politically charged practice, and ongoing research examining the ritual...
Feasting, exchange, sociopolitical interaction: Assessing the Tiwanaku presence in the Kallawaya region (2015)
In the Tiwanaku era, the Kallawaya territory was part of a web of an inter-ecologic exchange networks that provided altiplanic polities with a myriad of resources flowing from the valleys and tropical Yunga mountains. In this context, Tiwanaku centers were important places of exchange, storage, and ritual celebrations. By looking at the botanical remains, this paper will explore the changes in feasting and consumption patterns, and the ways in which various resources were utilized in funerary...