South America (Geographic Keyword)
426-450 (1,326 Records)
The concept of extensification was used in a ethnographical sense, particularly by L. Binford (2001). It was deeply related with the new organization of American hunter-gatherers when horses were introduced in the continent by European people. The main examples to introduce this concept were the Great Plains societies in North America and the Tehuelche society in Patagonia, South America. However, the use of the concept of extensification in an archaeological perspective is not very usual....
Extinct Mid-Holocene Maize from the Monte Castelo Shell Mound, Rondônia, Brazil. (2017)
In the Brazilian Amazon, mid-Holocene maize (Zea mays) grains have been found in archaeological deposits of the Monte Castelo shell mound. The morphological differences are pronounced between these and grains from both modern maize races of the Amazon and those found beginning around 1,500 years ago at other sites in the region. Our research explores the history, from 3900 BP, and use of this extinct maize. The presence of cultivars rich in carbohydrates in the Amazon has traditionally been...
Extramarital Sexual Practices of the Ramkokamekra-Canela Indians: An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Factors. In: Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent (1974)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Fabrics of the South American Desert Coast: The Study of the Marine Hunter-Gatherer's Plant Fiber Technology in the Atacama Desert (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Textile Tools and Technologies as Evidence for the Fiber Arts in Precolumbian Societies" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This research aims to study the earliest fabric artifacts made by marine hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Peru-Chile desert coast. Thanks to the aridity of this area, I use a remarkable amount of well-preserved plant-fiber materials, most belonging to the world’s oldest Chinchorro mummies buried...
Faces of the Feast: The Spatial Organization of Face-Neck Jars in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru. (2017)
Chicha was consumed in large quantities during social gatherings and feasting events at a number of ceremonial locales including hinterland sites, in the Jequetepeque River Valley, Peru, during the Late Moche. Face-neck jars were used in the brewing and serving of corn beer and depict supernaturals and elite lords with elaborate headdresses and earspools. This research showed the degree to which face-neck jars were standardized in manufacture and design and how this may have contributed to the...
Facial Asymmetry: Bio-indicators of stress in post-Wari populations (2015)
The role of climatic conditions on sociopolitical systems has been a highly discussed theme in archaeology. Over the past decade, archaeology has had great advancement in the realms of method and theory which have facilitated interpretations of environmental influences on social development. This paper presents research that investigates the biological responses to either environmental or social stresses to help elucidate how ancient Andean populations coped during periods of climatic...
Far South: An altiplanic settlement in Northwestern Argentina (2017)
Pueblo Viejo de Tucute is the southernmost prehispanic (Late Intermediate Period) settlement with altiplanic roots so far recorded. It has nearly 600 dwellings installed in the mountain range southwest from Casabindo in the Puna de Jujuy, an altiplano like highland. The site is unique in the area, with particular architectonic features that differ from contemporaneous sites (Puna de Jujuy, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Valle Calchaquí). The houses are round, well built in cut stone with a diameter that...
Feasting and Ritual Reuse: Analysis of the Faunal Assemblage from Huaca Soto, Chincha, Peru (2016)
Huaca Soto, a monumental Paracas platform mound in the Chincha Valley, experienced centuries of post-Formative reuse that continued well into the Inca Period. Two seasons of extensive excavation have yielded a massive assemblage of feasting debris within the mound’s uppermost sunken court dating to the mid-first millennium CE. Communal feasting in the ancient Andes is widely acknowledged to have been both a ritually and politically charged practice, and ongoing research examining the ritual...
Feasting, exchange, sociopolitical interaction: Assessing the Tiwanaku presence in the Kallawaya region (2015)
In the Tiwanaku era, the Kallawaya territory was part of a web of an inter-ecologic exchange networks that provided altiplanic polities with a myriad of resources flowing from the valleys and tropical Yunga mountains. In this context, Tiwanaku centers were important places of exchange, storage, and ritual celebrations. By looking at the botanical remains, this paper will explore the changes in feasting and consumption patterns, and the ways in which various resources were utilized in funerary...
Feasts and Ritual Practices at San Jose de Moro during the Late Moche Period (2016)
San Jose de Moro is an archaeological site with a long cultural sequence of near 1000 years. The first activities performed at this site were funerary, since a high quantity of funeral contexts and remains of ceremonial activity were found. During the Late Mochica Period, the site was used as sepulcher for high rank individuals who performed ritual roles for the development of the society. In the last eight field seasons at the site, three important chamber tombs have been found. They were...
"Feeding the Dead" at Chiribaya Alta (2015)
The inclusion of foods and eating utensils within graves at Chiribaya Alta, a Late Intermediate site ~5 km from the mouth of the Osmore river, Peru suggests that "feeding the dead" during funerary rites was a common practice within the Chiribaya polity. Thus far, however, these foods have not been systematically considered in relation to funerary practices. This study examines food items placed within tombs at Chiribaya Alta (n=307) and considers their potential symbolic meanings within funerary...
Felines and Condors and Serpents, Oh My!: Cataloging Zoomorphic Imagery in Tiwanaku Ceramics (2017)
A regimented canon of ceramic production emerged at the site of Tiwanaku in the 5th-6th century AD, coinciding with the transformation of the site from a local ritual center to a regional political authority. The highly standardized range of forms and painted imagery it produced presents great potential for an extensive analysis of both complete and fragmented Tiwanaku-style vessels. To date, most analyses of Tiwanaku ceramic vessels have categorically centered on form in order to facilitate...
Fertility, water and rock art on the Inka imperial fringes: The valley of Mariana and Samaipata (2017)
Samaipata was one of the largest centers of the Southeastern Inka frontier. Multifunctional in nature, it was an important advance point toward the tropical lowlands. Despite the intrusions of the Guaraní-Chiriguanos, this region witnessed complex processes of settlement reorganization. This was particularly the case of the fertile valley of Mairana, an important breadbasket of this frontier outpost. Occupied by the Mojocoya and Gray Ware archaeological cultures, their inhabitants produced...
Fibre Technology from Caleta Vitor, Northern Chile (2017)
In 2008, Chris Carter of the Australian National University (ANU) and Calogero Santoro of Universidad de Tarapacá de Arica (UTA) excavated at Caleta Vitor, located at the coastal mouth of Quebrada Chaca in northern Chile. The site was occupied from at least 13,000 BP through to the Spanish invasion and came to world attention when it was featured on ABC Catalyst (ABC iView , 2009). This research project is aimed at identifying and establishing the provenience of the well preserved textiles and...
Fiestas and funerals? Possible uses of a rectangular platform mound in Yumbo territory (2015)
In 2010 the Palmitopamba Archaeology Project in northwestern Pichincha province, Ecuador, was expanded to include excavations in a rectangular platform mound (Tola Rivadeneira, NL-30) 2 km north of the monumental Yumbo and Inca site of Palmitopamba. Earthen mounds (tolas) widely distributed throughout the region, constituted a significant element in the construction of the Yumbo landscape. While recent agricultural work removed the latest occupation of the mound, excavations reveal a history of...
Fifty-year-old boxes illuminate the Middle Horizon in Ica, Peru: Textile conservation and new research opportunities (2016)
As part of a Practicum in Analysis and Conservation of Organic and Textile Artifacts, class participants worked with materials recovered in salvage excavations between 1955 and 1975, which form part of the collections at the Museo Regional de Ica “Adolfo Bermudez Jenkins.” We carried out documentation and preliminary interventions to improve preservation of textiles from a mortuary context, as well as miscellaneous artifacts with unknown provenience, diverse in materials and techniques. Here we...
Fighting Back at Yellow Jack (2015)
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, burial status has been a subject of archaeological investigation. Tainter (1978), Saxe (1970), Hertz (1907), and Pearson (1999) have contributed to our understanding of what status means in various cultural contexts and how it may be interpreted from archaeological contexts. This paper is an application of the burial status theme applied to burials recorded in late-colonial Peru. In 1868 burial records note the advent of yellow fever. Monthly...
Finding a Middle Ground: Paste Analysis by way of a USB Microscope in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia (2016)
Ceramic pastes in the Titicaca Basin reflect shifting pottery production practices across space and time. Yet paste groups are not very standardized, making it difficult to compare ceramic pastes between sites, explore regional pottery production, social interactions, economy, and broader ecological and social landscapes of the past. This poster presents results from ongoing research employing a Dino-lite digital USB microscope in paste analysis and its value compared to petrographic analysis....
Finding of Eggs and Larvae of Parasitic Helminths in Archaeological Material from Unai, Minas Gerais, Brazil (1980)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Finding of Helminth Eggs in a Brazilian Mummy (1983)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Finding Oneself in the Loss: An Arapaso Perception of their Lost Culture (WGF - Dissertation Fieldwork Grant) (2021)
This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. More than ever, the problem of cultural borders is a prominent theme in political and social debates around the world. The perception of culture as an object has effects on the emergent cultural conservation and restoration policies, as well as generating disputes concerning their authenticity and origin. Contributing to this debate, this research project explores the question of "culture...
Fine China, Flatware, and Crockery: An Archaeological Reexamination of Chincha Domestic Contexts (2015)
This paper considers how material culture reflects the manipulation and creation of identity through a reexamination of the Chincha ceramic typology using ceramic vessels recovered from two mid- Chincha Valley domestic contexts dating to the Late Intermediate Period (LIP) (1000-1400 AD) and the Late Horizon (LH) (1400-1532 AD). The Chincha Kingdom was an extensive and powerful trading polity that emerged during the LIP and continued into the LH. Previous studies identify three distinct zones...
Fire and Death: Cremation as a Ritualised Funerary Practice in the Southern Brazilian Highlands (2017)
Archaeological evidence from southern Jê mound and enclosure complexes in the southern Brazilian highlands points to the development of a complex funerary ritual focused on the practice of cremation from 1000 BP onwards. Drawing upon bioarchaeological, ethnographic and ethnohistorical analysis, this paper discusses the role of cremation as a ritualised practice aimed at transforming the dead, their body and their relations with society. Patterns of similarities and differences in such practice...
Fire and feasting. The role of plants in Brazilian shellmounds funerary rituals. (2017)
Shellmounds occurring along most of the Brazilian coast, locally named "sambaquis", testify of an occupation dated from at least 8000 to c. 1000 years BP. Although traditionally considered as waste deposits, they are now largely recognized as funerary sites constructed by sedentary fishers. The development of archaeobotanical studies in the Southern/Southeastern Brazilian coast is demonstrating the consumption of a wide variety of wild and domesticated plants, pointing to a system of mixed...
First Contact: Friend or Foe? (2015)
Native Andeans’ first contacts with foreigners were not necessarily with the Spanish foreigners themselves, but with the foreign pathogens that were introduced prior to the arrival of the Spaniards through trade networks and early incursions in the northern extent of the Inca Empire. Violent encounters with indigenous peoples followed the Spaniards as they made their way down the northwestern half of the Central Andes, such as the fateful battle in Cajamarca.Yet not all native Andeans perished...