South America (Geographic Keyword)
526-550 (1,326 Records)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Ecuadorian Formative Period (3800-300 BC) is known for the creation of ceramics, a transition towards agriculture, and the development of sedentary settlements along the Pacific coast. These social and economic changes were often associated with declines in health, as people ate less varied agricultural diets and increasingly encountered pathogens...
HEALTH CONDITIONS BETWEEN THE MUISCA-TIBANICA SOCIETY: BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PHENOMENA IN POROUS SKULL. (2015)
The doctoral research I drive seeks to understand whether there is relationship between nutrition and the appearance of porosity in the skull within the Late Muisca society Tibanica located in Soacha Colombia. From the macroscopic, histological and radiological analysis is to perform a differential diagnosis to understand the true involvement anemic trait. According to the etiology presented for porous phenomena, its causes is the high consumption of maize, which inhibits the absorption of iron,...
The Health of the Herd: Considering Camelid Herding from Late Moche Peru (2017)
The herding of camelids in the pre-Columbian past impacted daily and ritual life of peoples residing there. During the Late Moche period of Peru, camelid herding was a major factor in the trade and exchange of goods, people and ideas. The extent of herding and the degree of camelid breeding in the coastal desert has been understudied. This paper will discuss the patterns in camelid age profiles and pathologies to inform the extent to which camelids where traveling along the coast and into the...
Hematite (Ochre) mining and use on the South Coast of Peru ca. AD 1-400 (2016)
Located in the Nasca region of southern Peru, Mina Primavera was an important source of hematite for centuries, and in particular, was intensively exploited by people of the Nasca culture for a variety of end products. Here we explore technical and ritual dimensions involved in the mining process. We also present new data on iron isotopic (56Fe/54Fe) diversity from a single hematite source as information that is critical in sourcing and provenience. The new data are compared to previously...
Henry Reichlen: La trayectoria americanista a través de su colección y de sus archivos (2016)
Pensar en la cultura Cajamarca nos lleva enseguida a pensar en Henry Reichlen. Indudablemente él fue el gran precursor y fundador de todo estudio científico sobre esta cultura. Su trabajo de campo en diferentes sitios de Cajamarca, sus diversos análisis de materiales arqueológicos y sobre todo la cronología que estableció continúan siendo grandes aportes para las investigaciones actuales. Sin embargo, ¿quién fue realmente Henry Reichlen? ¿A qué institución académica pertenecía y para quién...
Herds for Gods? Sacrifice and Camelids Management during the Chimú Period (2017)
Although domestic Andean camelids are native from the highlands they have been largely present in the Peruvian coast since the end of Early Horizon (near 200 BC). This presence stresses the symbolic, ritual importance and economic values of camelids. In 2011 an impressive human and animal sacrificial context dating from the Chimú period was found in Huanchaquito near Chan Chan on the northern coast. At least 130 children and 200 camelids were uncovered during the successive excavations that took...
Heritage as Collaboration: The 2015 Inaugural Inter-American and Caribbean Cultural Heritage Working Group Meeting, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil (2016)
In response to ever-growing threats to intangible and tangible cultural heritage in the region, the Anthropology Department of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil, organized and held the inaugural meeting of the Inter-American and Caribbean Cultural Heritage Working Group on August 11–12, 2015, at UNICAMP. The goal is to establish a permanent collaborative forum to explore ways to improve anthropological practical and theoretical approaches to cultural heritage issues....
Heritage Conversations with Dos Mangas (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological investigations in Dos Mangas began in 2006, and continued with excavation of a Valdivia village site, Buen Suceso, in 2009, 2017, 2019, and 2022. Those and subsequent excavations have combined archaeological inquiry with community engagement activities such as...
Hierarchy, Power, Identity and Time: Building a Khipu Simulacrum of Chachapoya Society at Laguna de los Cóndores (2015)
In 2005, the author published a study of a large khipu found in the plundered remains at the rock overhang site at Laguna de los Cóndores. That publication focused on the calendrical features of this khipu, showing that it was composed of cord groupings that constituted a two-year calendar. Subsequent study of the large sample and other, smaller khipus also found at the site show evidence of a process of the collection of information from several smaller cord records (perhaps from subordinate...
High and Low: Highland and Coastal Dress in the Andean Region, 100-800 (2015)
Dress can be a key aspect of stating a cultural or ethnic identity. Garment shapes, textile techniques, and accessories all contribute to creating a particular ensemble that can define a group identity. This effect can be heightened in the representation of dress, as the artist and patrons decide what are the essential elements that are worth depicting, and as the medium of representation dictates what can and cannot be conveyed visually. This paper examines the similarities and differences in...
High C4 plants consumption from the Late Intermediate period in Cuzco region. (2017)
Maize was one of the important crops for Inca political economics as a ritual and a staple food. In previous study of sacrificed children mummies found at Mt. Llullaillaco, the individuals particularly consumed C4 resources (such as maize, amaranth and domestic animals raised with C4 plants) in ritual activities. Contrary, the dietary compositions of Machu Picchu skeletons have shown diversity. The individuals from Mt. Llullaillaco and Machu Picchu were most probably immigrated from different...
Highland New Guinea Models in the South American Lowlands. In: Working Papers On South American Indians - Volume 2 (1980)
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Hilltop Visibility Networks and Empire in the Moche Valley (2016)
Prehistorically used in contexts ranging from mountain deity veneration to imperial conquest and warfare, hilltops serve as excellent platforms for staying connected to and informed of the surrounding social, political, and ritual landscape. This being said, how can the characteristics of visibility networks between hilltop sites help inform archaeologists of the ancient socio-political and ritual settings on which they were situated? Featuring dozens of hilltop sites that temporally correlate...
Historical Ecology and Archaeology on the Galápagos Islands (2015)
The poster introduces an interdisciplinary project recently initiated on San Cristóbal Island, the easternmost island of the Galápagos archipelago. Initially focusing on the 19th century plantation of Manuel J. Cobos, the project explores the nature and temporal depths of human involvement in ecological transformation, as novel or ‘emerging’ ecosystems, defined by their novelty, cultural origin, and subsequent endurance in the absence of humans, were developed within the context of what was to...
Historical ecology of landscape transformations and ceramic industries at the site of Cedro (Lower Tapajós) from pre-colonial to colonial times. (2016)
The presence of demographically dense indigenous societies in the Lower Tapajós River during AD 900-1600 is visible in the present day’s landscape through the existence of Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE), earthworks, and a distinctive ceramic industry. As demonstrated by recent archaeological surveys, landscape transformations and ceramic assemblages associated to the Tapajó chiefdom are widespread at the regional scale and attest to common cultural practices. Although these archaeological sites are...
Historical Ecology: Archaeology for a Sustainable Future (2016)
Historical Ecology is a research program that seeks to integrate diverse perspectives from human and natural sciences to improve our understanding on the relations between societies and their changing landscapes. Investigations in historical ecology draw from different corpus of data, including the participation of the public, not only to solve scientific problems, but also to provide answers to social and political situations. Archaeology has a major role in the production of knowledge on the...
Historical Gold Mining and Environmental Impact in the Ocoña Valley of Southern Peru (2021)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Environmental and Social Issues within Historical Archaeology (General Sessions)" , at the 2021 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Located at the heart of the ‘Nazca-Ocoña Gold Belt’, Corral Redondo represents one of the most enigmatic archaeological sites in southern Peru. While the site shot to fame after the well-publicized looting of spectacular prehispanic artifacts in the 1940’s, our recent archaeological project...
A History of Landscape Transformation and Environmental Change across the Ascope Irrigation System of the Chicama Valley. (2017)
The sequence of landscape transformation across the area of the Ascope Canal System in the Chicama Valley involved both natural and anthropogenic events and processes that unfolded in nonlinear ways. We argue that early events were crucial in determining transformations later in the sequence. In the arid environment of the North Coast, water availability plays a key role in landscape histories. This paper highlights evidence for El Niño events, water management, and changing ecologies for the...
Holocene Geology and Paleoenvironmental History of the lower Chicama River Valley and Coast (2017)
This paper focuses on reconstructing the Holocene paleoenvironmental history of the lower Chicama River valley and coastal system, which has provided diverse natural resources for the Preceramic cultures at Huaca Prieta and Paredones. The archaeological site of Huaca Prieta is situated on the southern tip of a Pleistocene terrace along the shore, ~3 km north of the Chicama River mouth and floodplain system. Paredones is located 0.6 km to the north on the eastern edge of the terrace. Here we...
Holocene Paleoclimate Reconstruction from δ18O Isotopes of Neocyclotus Opercula a Morphometric Analysis of Variation at the Archaic Site of San Jacinto1 Colombia (2015)
Neocyclotus snails produce opercula, a calcified plate attached to the foot of the gastropod serving as a protection mechanism from predators, and dehydration. Opercula are rarely found in the archaeological record, and have only been recovered from few archaeological contexts. Excavations at the Archaic site of San Jacinto, Colombia have facilitated the unprecedented recovery of 3,542 opercula a presence that has not been recorded previously in the neotropics. These calcified plates form...
The House that Built Me: local and non-local among the Lurin Yauyos during the Inka Empire (2017)
Most scholarship on the shifts in local lifeways during the Late Horizon strictly focused on changes in the availability to new and limited-access goods by local elites (D’Altroy 2001; Hastorf 1990; 2003). In these models, local leaders became immersed in reciprocal and status-granting relationships with the Inka through gifts and exclusive artifacts. Materiality played a pivotal role in the relationship between the Inka and their subjects. However, it is less clear how local ethnicity was...
Household dynamics and the reproduction of early village societies in Northwest Argentina (200BC-AD 350). (2017)
Long term evolutionary narratives on South Andean pre-Columbian history have stressed lineal processes of complexity intensification, defined by big changes on subsistence strategies, from small and egalitarian hunter gatherer groups to complex multicommunitarian chiefdoms. These changes were thought to influence or even determine the structure of household and consequently daily life of people. Nevertheless recent household archaeology studies have demonstrated that the reproduction of...
Household Practice and Early Forms of Social Inequality in Huaca Negra, Viru Valley (2016)
This research attempts to understand daily household practice in Huaca Negra, a coastal site that was occupied from 5,000 to 3,000 B.P. in the Viru Valley, to answer two interrelated research questions: (1) Were there signs of institutionalized social inequality represented at the household level in Huaca Negra during its occupation? (2) If so, through what kinds of daily household practices did potential leaders in this particular community differentiate themselves from others? Alternatively,...
Household Practice and Spatial Fashioning in the Chachapoya Community of Purunllacta de Soloco (2016)
For the Chachapoya of the eastern Andes, the household was a primary social space of production and community life. In order to examine the maintenance of such social spaces, this paper analyses the material continuity of household spatial production in the upper Amazonian community of Purunllacta de Soloco occupied between A.D. 400-1583. Many Chachapoya houses were continually inhabited and were refashioned according to a schema indicated by a particular material assemblage. I identify...
Households and Empire: A pXRF Study of Metal Artifacts from Cerro la Virgen (2016)
The Chimú Empire controlled much of the Peruvian North Coast during the Late Intermediate Period (1000-1476 AD), including the hinterland site of Cerro la Virgen (CLV). Previous research suggests that CLV could be viewed as a facet of the Chimú plan for the organization of rural areas, a plan that included controlled access to water, the restriction of rural settlement, and agricultural management through rural administrative centers. This model for local rule ultimately suggests that resources...