South America (Geographic Keyword)
576-600 (1,326 Records)
Inka and Spanish imperial projects in the Andes frequently targeted local beliefs and ritual practices, albeit in dissimilar ways. Understanding the effects of imperial projects is not possible without a clear sense of the local ritual landscape and its (in)compatibility with state religions and other practices spread across state networks. The painted tablet and disc tradition of the Arequipa region in the Southern Peruvian Andes offers a particular case for studying local and regional rituals...
Identity Intersectionality and Gender in the Archaeological Past and the Archaeologists’ Present (2017)
Archaeologists live in a reality in which gender, sexuality, race, age, and occupational identities (to name a few) are pervasive and impactful in our professional and personal lives. Our individual experiences in the world are always being shaped by our place at the intersection of multiple perceived and/or performed identities in the multiple social landscapes we inhabit. It then must be accepted that social identities operated similarly for people in the past. Still, there remains a hesitance...
IDENTITY, PRESENCE AND POLITICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE MORTUARY RITUALS OF PARACAS NECRÓPOLIS (2015)
Does a Paracas Necropolis mortuary bundle represent the identity of the individual at its core, those who honored that person, or a broader social network? Extraordinary aspects of these mortuary bundles include the quantity and quality of the layered garments and their diverse styles and imagery. Data related to their production indicates their origin in many different communities directly engaged in textile production, agriculture and herding, as well as the management of natural resources...
Identity, Residential Mobility and Anthropogenic Lead in early colonial Huamanga (Ayacucho), Peru (2017)
La Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús de Huamanga, the earliest Jesuit church in modern-day Ayacucho, Peru, was built in AD 1605 near the main plaza. Famous for its baroque art, this standing church is in need of extensive renovations. In a partial restoration in 2008, an archaeological excavation uncovered human and faunal remains underneath the church floor proper, and underneath the floors of associated chapels. Upon examination, only indigenous individuals appear to be buried underneath the...
Ideología y rituales de lluvia compartidos por los yungas del Período Cerámico Inicial (1,600 a.C.) y las poblaciones serranas del presente en la cuenca del Rímac, Costa Central del Perú. (2015)
Investigaciones en el sitio arqueológico La Explanada de Unión-Ñaña, ubicado a 772 msnm, en las laderas del cerro La Parra en Ñaña, margen norte del valle del Rímac. Permitieron vislumbrar inadvertidas modalidades de culto, en el extenso macizo que configura el cerro La Parra, santuario de montaña del Período Inicial (1,600 a.C.) en el valle medio del Rímac. Las excavaciones, revelaron rituales propiciatorios, que evocan los rituales en uso, en la vecina población altoandina de San Antonio de...
The Illusion of Total Control in the Provinces of the Inca Empire (2016)
Despite the interest of the Inca empire in promoting their ideology and establishing a strong political economy in their provinces, the actual result of that process was full set of “trade-offs” that involved the empowerment of local elites, and the independent development of parallel economies of sumptuary goods and household provisioning. This proposition challenges current and dominant “top-down” approaches to the Inca empire, where all economic and political transformations are seen as a...
Illustrating The Components That Form Part Of International Training Courses (2013)
Successful training courses comprise more than the sum of the individual teaching components that take place in the classroom or in the field. In particular those international courses that bring together participants from different cultures present their own challenges, not just differences in language, but there are other considerations. This paper, using examples from Latin America and the Caribbean, will illustrate the components and organisation that not only helps to fulfil the specific...
(Im)mobile Lives -The Detention and Deportation of South Americans from the U.S (WGF - Post PhD Research Grant) (2018)
This resource is an application for the Post PhD Research Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project examines the detention and deportation of South American migrants from the United States, with a focus on the largely understudied migrant populations from Ecuador and Peru. In contrast to studies of deportation that focuses mostly on the period of detention and the return itself, this project examines deportation as a set of social practices occurring over time and as a transnational...
The Impact of Climate Dynamics and Cultural Change on the Demography and Population Structure of Pre-Columbian Populations in the Atacama (2017)
Archaeological studies in the Central Andes have pointed at the temporal coincidence of climatic fluctuations and episodes of cultural transition throughout the pre-Columbian period. Although most scholars explain the connection between environmental and cultural changes by the impact of climatic alterations on the capacities of the ecosystems inhabited by pre-Columbian cultures, direct evidence for assumed demographic consequences has been missing so far. Desert margin areas, as we find them at...
Impact, Expansion and Heterogeneous Strategies of the Tawantinsuyu at its Borders: The Case of Santiago del Estero in the Eastern Lowlands of Argentina (2016)
In this presentation we discuss the particular situation of a set of archaeological sites located in a small area of Santiago del Estero’s lowland (central Argentina), outside the territory traditionally included in the Collasuyu. The area concentrates several sites where Inca and Andean artefacts were found at the beginning of the 20th century, along with Inca features incorporated to the archaeological pottery and to ethnographic textiles. Moreover, there are certain kind of archaeological...
Imperial authority and local agency: Investigating the interplay of disruptive technology, indirect authority, and changing ritual practice at Dos Cruces. (2017)
The Chimu smelting site of Dos Cruces is located along the Zaña River in the middle valley of the greater Lambayeque area. Dos Cruces is located at the intersection of two major trade routes and nearby several rich sources of copper ore. The smelting of ore at Dos Cruces utilized wind powered smelting technology, a new innovation for this region. Despite its obvious Chimu affiliations, Dos Cruces lacks an audiencia, or indeed any indication of Chimu administrative oversight. The denizens of Dos...
Imperial Remodeling: Hatuncancha and Later Inca Construction (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Though generations of scholars have mapped nearly all the standing architecture of the imperial and colonial city of Cusco, nevertheless, the site remains caught in the hypothetical moment of its apogee prior to its destruction during the Great Inca Revolt. A recent intensive survey of the central portion of the city provides nuanced data that permits a...
The Importance of the Initial Period in the Development of Early Peruvian Civilization (2016)
Research over the past 50 years has demonstrated the importance of the Initial Period (2100-1000 B.C.) societies that thrived along the Peruvian coast over 3000 years ago. The Initial Period, once viewed as a mere continuation of the subsistence-oriented Late Preceramic Period (3500-2100 B.C.) with the addition of pottery, is now widely considered to be a time of dynamic cultural change, witnessing the development and maturation of many of the social, political, and economic institutions that...
In the Middle of Nowhere: Inter-nodal Archaeology and Mobility in the Southern Andes (2017)
"Inter-nodal archaeology" contributes to research on social processes through the study of the areas between nodes, i.e., places where human activities tend to cluster (sites or densely settled areas, depending on the scale). By focusing on the material traces directly generated by people’s movement, this approach holds great potential for addressing questions regarding who travelled across regions and why. These possibilities are illustrated through research conducted in three inter-nodal areas...
In-Between Spaces in Far-out Places: Initial Findings on the Practice of Inka Colonialism in the Frontier Region of Pulquina Arriba (2016)
The region of Pulquina Arriba represented a geographically distant and loosely incorporated territory in the final decades of the Inka Empire. Located in the modern department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Pulquina Arriba was a relatively small Inka administrative site strategically constructed along a preexisting indigenous road network that ran adjacent to a rich agricultural valley. As such, it was involved in the oversight of local agricultural operations by populations native to the area, and...
The INAA Analysis of Pottery from Machu Picchu: An Initial Assessment (2016)
This paper presents the results of INAA analysis of pottery recovered at Machu Picchu by the 1912 Yale Peruvian Scientific Expedition directed by Hiram Bingham III. Samples of ceramics representing the full range of forms and from a diversity of sectors at the site were studied in the Archaeometry Lab at the Universty of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) and compared with coeval Inca pottery from other sites in the Urubamba Valley and from the Cuzco Basin. The study considers whether the Machu...
INAA of Loro Ceramics from Zorropata, a Middle Horizon Las Trancas Habitation Site in Nasca, Peru (2017)
Early in the Middle Horizon (c. AD 650-1000), the Wari Empire expanded from its Ayacucho homeland and established at least three colonies (Pacheco, Pataraya, and Inkawasi) in the Southern Nasca Region (SNR) on the South Coast of Peru. Concomitant with the Wari presence local settlement patterns underwent dramatic reorganization. Large portions of the population shifted from the Nasca and Taruga Valleys south to the Las Trancas Valley – away from and perhaps in contention with the Wari. A new...
Inca and Local Household Economic Interactions in the Chinchaysuyo, Asia Valley, Peru (2016)
Empires establish large scale interregional interaction networks with their provinces. Along with these large scale networks, pre-imperial small scale local economic interaction networks may continue (endure), diminish (decrease) or intensify (increase). Within this context, Imperial and local economic networks create a more complex web of interactions capable of been examined at the household level. In the Chinchaysuyo, the Inca conquered several coastal groups and established a range of...
The Inca Dogs and their Ancestors (2017)
The goal of this paper is to elucidate the social role of the dog in ancient Peru as an artifact, a physical manifestation of culture, produced by humans, through archaeological and iconographic interpretation. The large numbers of dogs available for study are a neglected archaeological resource, and one that can provide a wide variety of information on human life and cultures in ancient Peru. Through the examination of archaeological dog remains and dog iconography from differing temporal and...
The Inca Incorporation of the Canete Valley, Part 1: Conquest or Incanization (2015)
Field research by the Canete Archaeological Project has begun to unveil rich data regarding the Inca incorporation of the Middle and Lower Canete Valley. Utilizing both systematic survey and excavations, our work suggests a complex and intensive interaction between the Inca and those who occupied the valley before them. In this paper, we begin to tease out the imperial strategies of incorporation and local responses to them. SAA 2015 abstracts made available in tDAR courtesy of the Society for...
Inca Landscapes in Midwest Catamarca (Argentina) (2016)
This paper will introduce the problem of Inca settlements and their relation with local populations in the midwestern sector of Catamarca, specifically in the Hualfín and Quimivil valleys. This area has an early agricultural-ceramics occupation as seen in several archaeological sites with local patterns. When the Inca arrived during the first half of the 15th century several previous elements of landscape were transformed and others were incorporated. However, the local population, with an...
The Inca occupation at Pampa de Flores: Continuity, changes and abandonment of public architecture in the Lurin Valley during the Late Horizon (2015)
The Inca conquest of the Peruvian central coast brought a series of changes to the political and social landscape of the Lurin valley. At Pachacamac, the main religious center of this area, radical changes included, not only the resurgence of this sanctuary and expansion of its cult, but also a series of transformation in its architectural setting. In other settlements of the valley associated to the Ychsma polity, changes were less obvious, probably due to the different strategies followed by...
Inca Presence at Las Huacas, Chincha Valley (2017)
When the Spanish arrived to the coast of Peru they heard stories of the wealthy Chincha Kingdom and the privileged position that they enjoyed within the Inca Empire. Previous archaeological and ethnohistorical research has concluded that at the Chincha Kingdom’s capital of La Centinela, the Inca rulers set up their authority alongside the local lord, and that they left him in charge of ruling the rest of the valley. This poster will present recent research conducted at the site of Las Huacas, a...
Inca Road Emplacement: The case of Canturillas - Nieve-Nieve in the Lurin Valley, Huarochirí, Lima, Peru (2017)
The Qhapaq Ñan or Great Inca Road was declared World Heritage by UNESCO in June 2014. The section of the road located between Pachacamac Sanctuary and the Inca administrative center of Hatun Xauxa (central highlands of Peru), is one of the most important, and one of the segments considered for the UNESCO declaration. Within this portion, the stretch from Canturillas to Nieve-Nieve is located near to the modern town of Nieve Nieve in a desert area, right where the Andes start raising, and...
The Inca State and the Valley of Acari, Peru (2018)
The south coast of Peru was one of the regions conquered relatively early by the expanding Inca state. Following its incorporation, a series of Inca administrative centers were established, all linked by a branch of the Inca road. Tambo Viejo was established in the Acarí Valley. The south coast was, in general, incorporated peacefully into the imperial system; the administrative control exercised by the Inca state was likely to have been exerted through local authorities. However, Inca control...