United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
1,801-1,825 (3,819 Records)
Despite the District of Columbia’s small size (69 sq. miles), the proportion of property in federal ownership, about 25%, results in a large number of projects annually subject to Section 106 review. Every federal agency, quasi-federal agency, and non-federal entity using federal funds enters 106 consultation, even those without in-house preservation professionals to guide them. Agencies without archaeologists rely on the District’s archaeologist for expertise and guidance. Mitigation has...
In the Smokehouse and the Quarter: exploring communities of consumption through faunal remains at the Montpelier plantation (2017)
During the 2015 field season the Montpelier Archaeology Department excavated two smokehouses located in area known as the South Yard, home to enslaved domestic laborers. The excavations unearthed a large faunal assemblage spread across the yard between these structures. This paper serves as the initial findings of my Masters internship through the University of Maryland, which will look at the diet across the three enslaved communities present at Montpelier by comparing...
In the World and Of the World: Separatism as U.S. American Political Practice (2018)
One of the populist responses to repressive US American policies and practices has been to separate from mainstream society and live intentionally in communities that enact egalitarian ideologies. However, study of such communities reveals that the same prejudices that its members repudiated nevertheless guided their own formation and evolution. This paper considers the development of religious and secular utopian communities in the United States focusing on the role the created and enacted...
The Incidental Discovery Of An Abandoned Early 20th Century Cemetery (2017)
After the Civil War, Jack Scott and his family homesteaded in the Trinity River floodplain in West Dallas. He was a farmer who died in 1903 and was buried in a 30 foot square family cemetery that was dedicated at that time. The last interment was in 1931 and the cemetery was abandoned. Years later, four feet of the overlying alluvial sand was removed and a large borrow pit was created. The pit was subsequently filled with construction trash. The unmarked cemetery was included in an urban...
Incorporationg Disaster Risk Reduction into Planning for Cultural Resource Preservation (2018)
Climate change is exacerbating the risk to cultural resources and historic structures across the United States. These resources are located within a wide array of communities, all of which have differing approaches to planning for disasters. In some communities the approach has been to seek exemptions to all disaster risk reduction requirements, out of fear that the historic character of a resource will be compromised. However, this approach is unsustainable, as the changing nature of the...
Increasing Ocean Literacy and Citizen Science Opportunities for Submerged Cultural Resources in Florida (2018)
In 2016 the Florida Public Archaeology Network launched a new program Heritage Monitoring Scouts (HMS Florida) to increase scientific literacy among the public on impacts to cultural sites by climate change. More than 200 HMS volunteers monitored over 200 sites, both terrestrial and submerged. This paper will share results from the first year of the site stewardship program and take a critical look at how to increase ocean literacy, expand underwater citizen science opportunities, and raise...
"An Indian Nation, whose Object Appears to be to Obtain Both from Britain and Mexico, the Recognition of her Independence": International Diplomacy, Trade, and the Maya of San Pedro (2018)
In 1810, British Honduras was a set of coastal settlements, served by the British Foreign Office rather than the Colonial Office, with only usufruct logging rights ceded by Spain in treaty negotiations of 1783/1786. The Foreign Office used the new independence of Mexico, the Federal Republic of Central America, and later Guatemala, as opportunities to renegotiate terms, arguing they were no longer bound by treaties with the now defunct New Spain. At the time of these renegotiations, some Maya...
Indiana’s Maritime Heritage: Ongoing Investigations and Management Strategies for the 1910 Muskegon (aka Peerless) Shipwreck (12LE0381) (2018)
Built in 1872 as the Peerless, the Muskegon (12LE0381) was a steamship that operated on the Great Lakes until it was abandoned in 1911. Having functioned as a passenger-freighter, a lumber-hooker, and a sand-sucker during its service, the Muskegon represents important innovations in engineering, commerce, transportation, and industry. Following initial documentation by state archaeologist Gary Ellis in 1987, the Muskegon became the first shipwreck in the State of Indiana to be listed in the...
Indianola, The Forgotten Gateway to Western Texas: A Proposed Plan of Archaeological Investigation, Preservation, and Outreach (2016)
The port of Indianola once served as the Gulf Coast's western terminus, providing the shortest overland routes to the Pacific Coast and access to countless European and American immigrants settling west Texas. By 1871, Indianola was second only to Galveston in the size and traffic of its port. Success was short lived, however. Two successive hurricanes in 1875 and 1886 destroyed the city, causing its widescale distruction and abandonment. Despite a rich, important history, Indianola has not...
Indigeneity and Diaspora: Colonialism and the Classification of Displacement (2013)
The terms of indigeneity and diaspora are fixtures in scholarly discussion of colonialism, referring to different sets of relations between "homeland" and identity challenged by colonization. The two sets of concepts might also be thought of as maintaining incommensurate statuses for American Indians and African Americans, implying radically different historical experiences. This distinction unfortunately contributes to unhelpful disciplinary and racialized distinctions. In this paper I...
Individual and Collective Memory of WWII in the Pacific: How Can Archaeology Contribute? (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Historical Memory, Archaeology, And The Social Experience Of Conflict and Battlefields" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In June and July of 1944, the US and Japan waged war on the island of Saipan. This battle not only included those combatants, but also the largest civilian population yet encountered. Most historical accounts are written from the perspective of the US or Japanese and largely ignore those...
Individual Creativity, Instrumental Symbolism, and the Constituents of Social Identity Construction (2013)
This presentation applies theories concerning the role of individual creativity and innovation, modes of symbolic expression, and formation of social group identities to analyze the past creation and use of material expressions of symbols within the diasporas of particular African cultures. Utilizing archaeological and historical evidence, I explore the divergent ways these creative processes played out at sites in South America, the Caribbean, and North America. The perseverance and creativity...
Industrial Community Organization in Antebellum West Florida (2016)
Antebellum industrialization in West Florida fostered diverse settlements associated with water-powered mill complexes. Abundant natural resources and desirable landscape characteristics provided an ideal setting for silvicultural pursuits as opposed to agrarian endeavors that relied heavily on suitable soils. Mill seats represent unique landscapes that differ from agrarian settings, affecting community organization for multi-ethnic, hierarchical populations. Arcadia Mill (1830-1855) developed...
Industrial Transformations: Plantation Labour in Antigua after Emancipation (2013)
The relation between Caribbean plantation economies and the modern ideology, particularly as regard the dominant narrative about the so-called Industrial Revolution, presents a conundrum to scholars of the British Empire. Plantation economies are often depicted as simultaneously hyper-modernity and anachronistically backwards: their reliance on slave labour is coupled with a highly specialized and systematized tasks; the minimal mechanization of their labour through the 1860s nevertheless...
Industrialization, Deforestation, and Socioeconomic Dynamics in Ash Grove, Missouri 1880s-1930s. (2019)
This is an abstract from the "POSTER Session 1: A Focus on Cultures, Populations, and Ethnic Groups" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Our study explores socioeconomic and environmental dimensions of industrial development around Ash Grove, Missouri in the 19th and 20th centuries. Euroamericans and enslaved African Americans began settling this part of southwest Missouri in the 1820s, establishing a farm-based economy. From 1881 through the 1930s,...
Inexorably Contemporary: Archaeology as Performance Art at Italian Hall Memorial Site, Calumet, Michigan (2015)
In the Fall of 2012, students from Michigan Technological University undertook a Phase I site assessment of the three city lots of the Italian Hall Memorial in Calumet, Michigan, in anticipation of the 100th anniversary of the disaster/massacre. The Keweenaw National Historical Park, which alternately owns or manages the three contiguous lots on behalf of the Village of Calumet, sought help with clearance of cultural resources before they could improve the quality of the memorial’s landscaping...
Inexpensive X-rays, Invaluable Information: A Case Study from Two Data Recoveries. (2016)
In the spring and fall of 2012 Dovetail Cultural Resource Group conducted data recoveries on two historic sites associated with the Route 301 project in Delaware. Both sites had soil conditions resulting in heavily corroded metals, which were found in abundance. X-radiography was needed to identify indeterminate artifacts and prioritize conservation needs. The resulting x-rays allowed for accurate catalogs, thereby aiding in site interpretation and resulting in a better understanding of the...
Infrared Imaging and Artifacts: Attempting to See Beyond the Human Eye (2015)
Infrared photography has been a useful tool for archaeologists in observing unseen macrofeatures, particularly with aerial photography and sattelite imaging. However, the infrared spectrum's potential usefullness to archaeologists extends beyond the macroscale. Recovery of trace details, writing, corrosion patterns, and other elements invisible to the human eye and visible light protography may be possible through the use of infrared photography. Using a converted Canon 20D digital Single-Lens...
Inhambane/Inhafoco and Mozambique Ilha/Mossuril: Maritime Archaeological Approaches toTwo Mozambican Slaving Landscapes (2016)
This paper reports on the ongoing integrated maritime and terrestrial archaeological investigation of two prominent slaving landscapes that represent different experiences in Mozambique’s millennium- long experience of being shaped by Indian Ocean, intra-African, and Transatlantic slave trades. Mozambique Island developed in part around slaving (to the Levante) in the 9th century, and rose to become an epicenter of slaving across the Atlantic as well starting in the late 18th century. In...
Initial Deepwater Archaeological Survey and Assessment of the Atomic Target Vessel US Independence (CVL22) (2016)
A ‘cruise of opportunity’ provided by The Boeing Company, which wished to conduct a deepwater survey test of their autonomous underwater vehicle, Echo Ranger, resulted in the first archaeological survey of the scuttled aircraft carrier, USS Independence, in the waters of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in March 2015. While a preliminary effort, and not comprehensive, the survey confirmed that a feature charted at the location was Independence, and provided details on the condition of the...
Initial Insights Into The Geochemistry of the Surface Sheens Emanating From The USS Arizona (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Hard Science on Hard Steel: Scientific Studies of the USS Arizona" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Surface sheens are an iconic reminder of the ongoing history of the USS Arizona wreckage. Yet, little is known about the sources within the battleship that create the sheen and what is the chemical composition of the sheen and whether it varies. Our initial results indicate that the oils found within the USS...
An Initial Site Assessment of Submerged Naval Aircraft off the Coast of Pensacola, Florida (2016)
Known locally as the U.S. Navy's ‘Cradle of Aviation’, the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida has been a fundamental training ground for U.S. naval aviation since the beginning of the 20th century. During World War II, the U.S. Navy was eager to train as many young pilots as possible. Many of those inexperienced pilots were quickly processed through an accelerated flight-training program. Often aircraft would be lost during training missions and left to sink in the Gulf of Mexico. Available...
Inkwells: Plain and Fancy, Personal and Commercial (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Specialized Ceramic Vessels, From Oyster Jars to Ornaments" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Vessels made to hold ink have been a necessary part of writers’ tool kits since antiquity. Salt-glazed stoneware inkwells and ink stands were in common use during the late 18th and 19th centuries, yet they are seldom identified in archaeological collections. At a time when elegant handwriting was a mark of gentility...
Inland Rice Plantations in Jasper County, South Carolina: Preliminary Results (2013)
Since 2000, Georgia Southern University has been investigating inland rice plantations on the Coosawhatchie River in Jasper County, South Carolina. Mont Repose plantation has been the primary focus of this work but recently investigations moved to the north side of the river where at least four additional plantations have been located. Preliminary research has focused on structural analysis of these plantations, particularly locating outlying features in addition to the main house complex....
Innovation, Entrepreneurialism, And Entanglement: A Case Study Of Chinese-run Extractive Industries And Resource Frontiers In The American West (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Considering Frontiers Beyond the Romantic: Spaces of Encroachment, Innovation, and Far Reaching Entanglements" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The American West has long been synonymous with frontier romanticism, due in large part to the lingering popularity of Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis. Such viewpoints belie the complexity of frontier landscapes where indigenous, migrant, and colonial...