Western Europe (Geographic Keyword)
276-300 (352 Records)
In this paper we discuss how sacred places in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland lost their sacred meanings. Churches and graveyards in the early 17th century town of Oulu and 14th to early 17th century rural Ii were destroyed, forgotten and eventually turned into part of secular residential areas. Consequently the social memory of these places changes over time, becoming forgotten, then erroneously remembered, and finally rediscovered and brought to public attention by archaeologists....
Sailortown, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Exploring An Urban/maritime Community. (2016)
‘Sailortown’ is the unofficial name given to a tiny enclave of streets, located on Clarendon Docks, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Throughout the 19th century and up to the middle of the 20th century Sailortown was a diverse community with manufacturing and maritime industries. In1969, following the downturn of Belfast’s industrial economy, plans for redevelopment of the Docklands commenced. In 2015 archaeological investigations, first of its kind in this area, focused on investigating household...
The Salcombe Bronze Age Wreck (2013)
Evidence for a submerged middle Bronze Age site close to Salcombe in South Devon was first discovered in 1977 and worked on by Keith Muckelroy prior to his untimely death in 1980. In 2004 the South West Maritime Archaeology group discovered more Bronze Age material close to the 1977 finds and work by the group in conjunction with the British Museum, Bournemouth University and the University of Oxford and led to the discovery of over 320 Bronze Age finds which includes tools and weapons, metal...
Scandinavian Colonialism in Sápmi and Sámi Archaeology in Scandinavia - Archaeological Perspectives on Northern Colonial Landscapes and Sámi Religion in the 17th and 18th Centuries (2013)
Throughout the history of archaeology, the Sámi - the indigenous people in northernmost Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia - have been treated as the "Others", in relation to the national identities and histories. In recent decades, however, a field of Sámi archaeology has emerged, parallel with Sámi ethnic and cultural revitalization movements. Today, archaeologists in Sápmi face many ethical and political challenges, including conflicts over land and cultural...
The Search for Vasco da Gama’s Lost Ships - Esmeralda and São Pedro (2018)
Two Portuguese ships from Vasco da Gama’s second voyage to India, left behind to disrupt maritime trade through the Red Sea, were wrecked during a storm in 1503 on the coast of Al Hallaniyah Island, Oman. The remains of at least one of the ships was found in 1998 prompting a search for the second ship that was undertaken in 2013 as a collaborative project with Oman’s Ministry of Heritage and Culture. A marine geophysical survey of the area identified a number of targets which were investigated...
Seeding Colonialism; European trade Beads within Native American Contexts (2017)
The typological and scientific study of trade beads in Native American contexts has contributed a great deal to understanding contact period sites (ca. 1607–1783). The Cape Creek site, NC is a perfect example of British-indigenous connectivity in the contact period and is important for understanding interaction in the Southeast. Unlike other studies of this type that mostly focus on mortuary sites, Cape Creek is a village settlement and will therefore provide a different view of day-to-day...
Seizing Jerusalem: Archaeology, landscape preservation and the ‘Wall’ (2013)
The battle for land(scape) and territorial control is a key element in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict and the 'struggle for Jerusalem'. This paper focuses on the impact of the ‘Wall’ on the archaeologically rich and environmentally sensitive Refaim Valley—'the bread basket of Jerusalem'. Here environmental and heritage discourses are being used to legitimize the transformation of the valley from a Palestinian agricultural resource to an Israeli ‘Biblical landscape’ conservation area. This...
Settlement data from the 1960-1975 Basin of Mexico Surveys (2014)
Data analyzed in Ortman, S. G., A. H. F. Cabaniss, J. Sturm, and L. M. A. Bettencourt, The Pre-History of Urban Scaling, PLOS ONE (Feb. 2014).
Settlement Scaling and Increasing Returns in an Ancient Society (2015)
Main text and SI of published paper in PDF format. The SI includes a series of datasets derived from the Basin of Mexico surveys that are analyzed in the main text.
Shards of the Atlantic: Sweden and 17th-Century Colonialism (2013)
This paper deals with expressions of colonialism and colonial ideology in 17th-century Sweden in the light of the New Sweden Colony in the Delaware Valley 1638–55 and contacts between Native Americans and Swedes and their exchange of material culture. Furthermore, the paper traces some of the objects in Sweden and discusses their meaning and use in the new context. An object-biographical approach underlines the complexity and relevance of material things in a colonial situation, in the colonies...
Ship reconstruction and digital modeling: the example of the Aber Wrac'h 1 (France) (2013)
From 1987 to 1988, the Aber Wrac'h 1 shipwreck was excavated in the northern part of Brittany, a region located in the west of France. Dated from the first half of the 15th century, it consisted of an eighteen meters long and five meters wide hull portion of a clinker-built vessel. Despite the difficulties that arose from the lack of original data, it was possible to carry out a reconstruction with recordings from the excavation. The process included the realisation of wooden 1:10 scale model in...
Shipwreck 43 and the formation of the ship graveyard in the central basin at Thonis-Heraclion, Egypt (2013)
Investigations into the submerged port-city of Thonis-Heraclion by the European Institute for Underwater Archaeology, under the direction of Franck Goddio, have revealed a complex maritime landscape. Topographic and geoarchaeological research at this site has revealed the shape of the port, the major monumental structures of the city and how it all came to be submerged, as well as the wrecks of sixty-four ancient ships dating from the 8th to the 2nd centuries BC. This paper will investigate a...
Shipwrecks and politics (2013)
The study, protection, and divulgation of a country’s submerged cultural heritage depends on many factors, cultural, economic, and political. This paper describes the management model that the authors are trying to implement in Portugal, as mere citizens without any leverage near the government and the cultural authorities.
Shot at Dawn: Memorialising First World War Executions for Cowardice in the Landscape of the UK's National Memorial Arboretum (2016)
The National Memorial Arboretum is the United Kingdom's 'national centre of remembrance', which 'commemorates and celebrates those who have given their lives in the service of their country, all who have served and suffered as a result of conflict, and others who, for specific or appropriate reasons, are commemorated here'. One of the memorials remembers the 306 British and Commonwealth soldiers who were executed for cowardice and desertion during the First World War, but subsequently...
Slave cemetery or not? An archeothanatological and anthropological approach from Guadaloupe (2013)
Most French Caribbean slave cemeteries associated with Atlantic trade have been recognized via archival research. For the others, the isolated location of burials usually indicate the presence of slaves; but in the absence of archives, what are the features which typically inform about the status of the cemetery ? Over the past few years, we have excavated several cemeteries of the colonial period were in Guadeloupe in the French West Indies. We shall focus on the slave cemetery of Anse...
The Slave Wrecks Project Digital Archive: Progress and Prospects (2016)
The Slave Wrecks Project (SWP) Digital Archive is a multi-level relational database designed to facilitate research on slaver shipwrecks and their context. Its toolset allows researchers to quickly access information on ships, people and places involved in the slave trade. Currently the dataset contains information on over 1,000 slaver wrecks and draws data from a wide variety of sources, including: the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database; Digital Newspaper Archives in Denmark, the Netherlands,...
Social and Economic Responses to Sixteenth-Century Trade in North Atlantic Islands (2016)
During the sixteenth century Iceland, the Faroes, Shetland and the Gaelic areas of Ireland were drawn into the networks of trade emanating from England and Germany. In each case preserved fish caught in the North Atlantic were exchanged for consumer goods. The response in each of these islands to this emerging trade was different, though we can also identify many common factors. The comparative study of these provide us with a variety of ways in which the economics, politics and government...
Social contract archaeology: a business case for the future (2013)
In July 2012, DigVentures will host Europe’s first crowdfunded and crowdsourced excavation at the internationally significant Bronze Age site at Flag Fen (www.digventures.com). Crowdfunding has been successful in creative industries, where ideas that may not fit the pattern required by conventional financiers can achieve traction in the marketplace, supported by what has been called the ‘wisdom of crowds.’ This new approach to funding will be combined with crowdsourcing, inviting the public to...
Social Reactors Project datasets
Datasets from various publications of the Social Reactors Project
Some Very Middle Class Indians? Connections between the Croaton Indians of Hatteras Island and the wider 18th century world. (2013)
The historical narrative of the Pamlico Sound and Outer Banks of North Carolina reflect their geographical situation at the edge of the North American continent, connected to wider stories but always at the periphery. Although enjoying connections to the story of American ethnogenesis and the Lost Colony at Roanoke Island, the development of powered flight and the Wright Brothers at Kill Devil Hills and Blackbeard and the Golden Age of Piracy at Beaufort Inlet, except in the case of projects at...
"Southern archaeology" : the French départements and territories d'Outre-Mer in the Indian Ocean (2013)
At the beginning of the present decade, France developed a new policy for archaeology in its dependencies in the southern Indian Ocean and a department of the French ministry of culture and communication was created to oversee it. Reunion island was uninhabited before its colonization by the French, and was one of the last places in the world where no organised archaeological research had previously been undertaken. Our research program on the island provided two important discoveries related to...
St. Eustatius--The Nexus for Colonial Caribbean Capitalism (2013)
As the nexus for international trade in the Atlantic World during the latter 18th and early 19th centuries, St. Eustatius provided the single largest and most efficient conduit for people, news, correspondence and trade items during this time. The material cultural record in both archaeology and architecture reflect the cosmopolitan society geared toward unfettered capitalism in the first free trading port in modern times. A mix of nationalities, languages and religions found in few places in...
Steel Tracks and Copper Wire: 19th-Century Railway and Telegraphy Equipment from Minas Gerais (Brazil) (2013)
In recent years, commercial archaeology (CRM) projects in various parts of the the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil) have revealed important evidence relating to stretches of the now abandoned railways and telegraph lines which crossed the interior of Brazil during the second half of the 19th Century. This paper illustrates the evidence from several key sites and examines how it may be used to address ideas of colonialism, globalisation and international trade. These remains are the traces of an...
Stinking foreshore to tree lined avenue: Investigating the riverine lives impacted by the construction of the Thames Embankments in Victorian London. (2013)
Victorian London saw dramatic changes along the Thames, with the construction of the East End Docks and Thames Embankments, as the city struggled to cope with its ballooning population and prospering shipping industry. The Embankments reclaimed a stinking, effluent covered foreshore previously occupied by wharves, jetties, barge beds and slips, and contained a new sewer system and covered railways, finished with tree lined avenues and road access to central London. The Embankment has been hailed...
Story of an unusually preserved early modern Vicar in Finnish Lapland (2017)
The custom of burying beneath church floors, commonly practiced among the early modern elite, is responsible for the mummification of the remains of a Northern Finnish vicar, Nikolaus Rungius (c.1560–1629). The mummy of Vicar Rungius exhibited since the 18th century is the source of several local stories. A computed tomography (CT) imaging performed on his remains allowed examining his anthropometric features, but it also revealed indications of pathological conditions of which the Vicar may...