North America - Southeast (Geographic Keyword)
76-100 (537 Records)
Spanish colonization of the South Atlantic coast in the 16th and 17th centuries had wide reaching effects on the greater Southeast. The Big Bend region of the Ocmulgee River Valley lies about 160 km from the coastal mission effort. However, Native Americans in the area were in contact with Coastal Native groups both prior to and after European contact, making the area a good case study to better understand how changes in the social structure of Native groups on the coast affected the interior...
A Chained Melody: Queering Ceramic Industries in 19th century South Carolina (2016)
During the antebellum period, ceramic industries began to sprout up across South Carolina’s agricultural landscape. In the Edgefield district, located near the South Carolina-Georgia border, a number of family-owned kilns contracted enslaved laborers from nearby plantations to mass-produce stoneware for sale throughout the Southeast. Innovative alkaline glaze technologies became the foundation for experimental ceramic traditions and styles. A long-held local fascination with these ceramic...
Changes in Animal Use through Time at Fusihatchee (1EE191) (1999)
Archaeological sites appropriate for the study of subsistence change resulting from European-Native American contact are uncommon in the southeastern United States. One of these sites is Fusihatchee (1EE191), a Creek town in what is now Alabama. Materials from Fusihatchee were deposited during four time periods spanning the Contact Period, permitting a diachronic analysis of Creek subsistence practices. Vertebrate and some invertebrate remains were studied. The Late Mississippian component...
Changing tides, rising waters: wetland archaeology on Georgia’s lower coastal plain (2017)
The Ogeechee River Valley is an archaeologically under-studied region of southeastern Georgia, but the intensive survey of a state owned wetland mitigation property changes this insufficiency. The recently completed Pierpont Tract survey, commissioned by the Georgia Department of Transportation, identified sites with intact deposits from multiple precontact occupations, spanning from the Late Archaic to the Middle Mississippian periods. Many of these resources lie in seasonally inundated areas...
Characterization of Plant Ash Morphology Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (2015)
Calcitic plant ashes are a ubiquitous indicator of anthropogenic activity at archaeological sites. In conducive preservation environments, ashes may form undisturbed deposits in which individual ash crystals remain intact and identifiable. Under these conditions, ashes afford a unique opportunity to better understand both the human selection of fuel as well as to investigate changes in vegetation communities in response to climate change. This study seeks to characterize ash crystal morphologies...
Characterization of the Mississippian Standard Jar (2015)
The Mississippian standard jar is a specific kind of vessel form that, in tandem with maize agriculture and shell-tempering, was disseminated throughout the Eastern Woodlands during the late prehistory. As previous researchers have noted, the jar appears to be specifically adapted for slow, long-term boiling, especially when compared to earlier Woodland Period jars that are generally better suited for short-term cooking. Following the proposition that pots are tools, I characterize the...
Charleston, South Carolina (USA): A Case Study in Using Fish as Evidence of Social Status (2016)
Charleston (South Carolina, USA) was founded in A.D. 1670 on the southeastern Atlantic coast of North America. The city’s archaeological record can be divided into four periods: 1710-1750, 1750-1820, 1820-1850, and 1850-1900. Fishes were used by all social strata in Charleston. The minimum number of fish individuals fluctuates between 22% and 30% of the non-commensal individuals and the number of taxa ranges from 44% to 49%. A core group of estuarine fishes was used throughout the city’s history...
Cherokee Participation in the Southern Slave Society (2017)
On the eve of the Removal during the Early Republic era, most Cherokees still practiced traditional modes of subsistence farming and participated in local economies. At the same time, a small but influential segment of the Cherokee Nation was completely entrenched in the capitalist economy, operating largescale plantations, businesses, and other ventures. These Cherokees were participants in the slave society of the southeastern United States in two ways; they owned African-American slaves, and...
A Chronology of Complicated Stamping in the Lower Savannah River Valley (2015)
The presence of Middle Woodland period complicated stamped pottery in the lower Savannah River valley would represent the earliest examples of this type of surface treatment in the South Appalachian region, if the dating were certain. Here, we attempt to construct a chronology of complicated stamping for the lower Savannah River valley by reference to sites and assemblages for which age can be inferred by independent means. We simultaneously attempt an attribute-based analysis of complicated...
Circumstance and Scale in After-the-Fact Applications: Maximizing Fair and Equitable Compliance for Stakeholders through Mitigation (2017)
Recent efforts by the Corps of Engineers New Orleans District in achieving compliance with Federal laws and regulations within the Regulatory Program are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the role(s) of stakeholders in the Section 106 process in reviewing after-the-fact applications. The role mitigation in these scenarios is also reviewed and discussed.
CLAASP: A Public Archaeology Initiative To Preserve Archaeological Information In Central Florida (2016)
The Communities of Lake Apopka Artifact Survey Project (CLAASP) is an attempt by several regions within the Florida Public Archaeological Network (FPAN) to preserve information about the many unprovenienced collections of artifacts hailing from this area in Central Florida. Relative to several other areas in the state, the Lake Apopka region is under-represented in the archaeological record. This is in part due to the long term use of much of this area for agriculture prior to the creation of...
Climate Change and Cultural Response in Holocene Southeastern North America (2016)
The historical trajectories of many societies in southeastern North America have been linked to changes in climate and biota. Rainfall regimes influenced population distributions as much as political geography during the late prehistoric era, and arguably well back into the past. Likewise, sea-level fluctuations shaped settlement near changing shorelines and resulted in population movement over much larger areas. Changes in biota over large areas brought about changes in settlement at the...
Climate Change and Threatened Paleoecological Landscapes of South Florida (2017)
South Florida contains millions of acres of wetlands, subtropical estuaries and prehistoric waterways interconnecting thousands of tree islands and shell work islands, comprising one of the largest and most complex prehistoric maritime landscapes worldwide. Recursive human and natural dynamics shaped these landscapes over deep time, but will soon be lost by rising sea level. Integrated archaeological and paleo-ecological studies are critical to understanding the long term impacts of humans on...
The Clovis-Cumberland-Dalton Succession: The Evolution of Behavioral Adaptations During the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition (2016)
Considerable debate has recently been focused on understanding the effects of the Younger Dryas on human behavioral adaptations throughout the Northern Hemisphere. It has been proposed that adverse paleoecological conditions in southeastern North America triggered a decline and/or substantial reorganization in human populations. The Tennessee Paleoindian biface data in the Paleoindian Database of the Americas is used to assess the evolution of behavioral adaptations during the...
Collaboration in Progress: FPAN Central Regional Center and the Florida Park Service. (2016)
Among the many places that the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN) uses as a base of operation, the relationship the Central Region has with the Crystal River Archaeological State Parks is unlike any other. Housed within the visitor’s center at the Crystal River Preserve State Park, FPAN’s Central Region is the only regional center located at a National Historic Landmark prehistoric mound complex. This provides the center with a unique opportunity for outreach, education, and promotion of...
Collections-Based Research at Poverty Point World Heritage Site (2016)
The Poverty Point World Heritage Site is a state-owned and -managed archaeological park in northeastern Louisiana. Named for the nineteenth-century Poverty Point Plantation, the site’s cultural significance derives from its monumental earthen complex constructed 3,700-3,100 BP. The complex includes five mounds; six enormous, concentric, semi-elliptical ridges; and a large interior plaza. A sixth mound was built 1,700-2,000 years after the initial construction. This culturally created landscape,...
Colonoware as Cottage Industry: Household Production and the Internal Economy at Dean Hall Plantation, South Carolina (2016)
Research into the slave settlement at Dean Hall Plantation uncovered substantial evidence for the on-site production of Colonoware. Archaeology of household production and the anthropology of households provide us with frameworks for investigating the individual strategies of different homes as they engaged in the internal economy. Each household was a productive unit and their ability to produce their own wares affected their needs, access, and exchange within local markets. Identifying the...
Colonowares of the Apalachee Province of La Florida (2016)
Colonowares of the Apalachee Province of La Florida consist of plain and red painted pottery made in European vessel shapes by Apalachee potters between 1650 and 1702. This pottery, also known as “copy wares” or “mission ware,” represents hybrid products of transculturation that show elaboration or syncretization, in which newly introduced European vessel shapes provided the inspiration for vessels made by Apalachee potters using traditional materials and methods. Typical colonoware vessel forms...
Colorful Collaboration in Colorado: Recent Work by the Project Archaeology Colorado Chapter (2015)
Colorado archaeologists have a long history in promoting Project Archaeology by providing data for curricula, field work opportunities, and training workshops. Nonetheless, for several years the participation was minimal. A revival of Project Archaeology in Colorado began in 2012 with a teacher training workshop in Broomfield, hosted by SWCA Consultants. Since then, the program steadily increased its presence across the state. Through the devoted efforts of its members, the Colorado Chapter...
Combatting the Curation Crisis in North Carolina (2015)
Archaeologists have an obligation to ensure the long-term survival and accessibility of collections that embody the tangible remains of community heritage and collective history. This study presents two examples of collaboration between state- and university-based archaeologists that address the current curation crisis and provide much needed training for future professionals. The North Carolina Office of State Archaeology Research Center (OSARC) is the state’s repository and steward for...
Combining Geophysics, Photogrammetry, and Archaeological Testing at the Mississippian Pile Mound Site, Upper Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee (2015)
The Pile Mound survey includes magnetometry paired with targeted ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic induction (EMI), low-altitude aerial photogrammetry and test excavations over the ca. 6.5 ha site. The EMI survey focused on the mound proper and several distinct magnetometry anomalies to the south and east. The aerial imagery was used to create a photomosaic and digital elevation model (DEM) of the mound and immediate surroundings, and to topographically correct the GPR data. From...
Communal Food Processing and Culture Contact: An Analysis of Plant Foods and Architecture in the Protohistoric North Carolina Piedmont (2015)
Communities cannot be fully identified by their built landscapes; they must also be understood in terms of mundane activities that enact communal bonds. In this paper I use plant remains and pit features to examine communal food processing events at two Protohistoric sites in Hillsborough, North Carolina: Wall (A.D. 1400-1600) and Jenrette (A.D. 1650-1680). By combining a functional analysis of features with a spatial analysis of plants, I have identified two types of discard patterns: larger...
A Comparative Analysis of a Potential Tavern Site in Jackson, North Carolina (2015)
Residents of Jackson, North Carolina in Northampton County have found what they believe to be an 18th century tavern site. The area was inhabited by the Tuscarora until the Tuscarora War ended in 1715, after which European settlers began to move into the region. The residents of Jackson believe this to be a tavern owned by Jeptha Atherton. This research assesses this claim by comparing those artifacts to the artifacts at two other contemporary taverns: Dudley’s Tavern in Halifax, North Carolina...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DECORATIVE CERAMICS AND CHOICE AT THE GREGORY LINCOLN/HSPVA SITE AND THE LEVI JORDAN PLANTATION SITE (2015)
The purpose of this research was to investigate questions of aesthetic preference or choice and other driving factors that influenced the ceramic selection by people who resided at two sites: the Gregory Lincoln/HSPVA Site in Houston, TX and the Levi Jordan Plantation Site in Brazoria County, TX as well as to compare the assemblages from these two African American sites from differing environments. These ceramics assemblages, with the exception of one context, had been previously analyzed, but a...
Comparing Prehistoric Freshwater Mussel Shell Ring Site Locations in the Mississippi Yazoo Basin with Other Archaeological Site Types Using a Modern Flood Model (2016)
The Mississippi Delta is dotted with many types of aboriginal archaeological sites. Among these are freshwater mussel shell rings that seem to occur mainly along current or historical water sources. Using a modern flood model for the Mississippi Yazoo Basin, this paper will examine whether freshwater mussel shell ring sites in the Yazoo Basin occur predominately in highly flood-prone areas, as shell rings would create elevated surfaces for habitation. This paper will also compare mussel shell...