South America: Andes (Geographic Keyword)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alejandro Chu.

Incahuasi, located at the mid-valley of the Cañete river, is the largest Inca administrative center reported from Peru's Central Coast. Although first built as a military base by the Inca Tupac Yupanqui in his war against the Guarcos, the site was completely transformed into an administrative center with an extense and prominent storage facility. Recent research at the site has focused in Sector B, described as an elite residential complex. Excavations have found a significant number of finished...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Warren.

As the Inkas expanded their imperial hegemony over the valleys of the eastern Andes, their armies fought and then forged political and military alliances with the various cultural groups comprising the Charkas confederacy. While the Spanish chronicles and local ethnohistoric sources attest to these events and to the important role the local indigenous populations played in Inka colonization efforts along the eastern imperial frontier, they are all curiously silent on another important population...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amber Anderson.

When the Inka moved into Northern Ecuador at the end of the 15th century, they were met with fierce resistance from the semi autonomous societies of the Pais Caranqui. Chronicler accounts and Inka narratives note that conflict occurred and fortifications were constructed before the Inka were eventually victorious and continued their conquest northwards. However, these accounts do not accurately highlight the true complexity of the groups the Inka encountered, the prolonged nature of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andy Combey. Laurence Audin. Carlos Benavente Escóbar. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Pascua. José Bastante Abuhadba.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. For decades now, various scholars have assumed that the Inkas developed seismic-resistant construction techniques. While it is true that some architectural features are particularly well suited to face the seismic risk, no structural evidence can demonstrate with confidence the intentionality of the earthquake resistance. As part of our research, we discuss...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Christie.

I will assess strategies employed by the Inka state in interactions with local populations in the Cañete Valley and adjacent valleys. The Spanish found two señorios in the lower Cañete Valley: the Lunahuana, whom they described as well organized and inclined to submit to Inka rule and the Guarco who lived on the shore, offered fierce resistance, and were brutally subdued. The Inka built Inkawasi in Lunahuana territory, envisioned as one copy of Cusco. Inka presence in Guarco territory is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexander Menaker.

States and empires attempt to incorporate and transform local landscapes and cultural practices in efforts to legitimize their social orders. Research on the Inka Empire in the Andagua Valley of the Southern Peruvian Andes has shown how these processes are incomplete and become entangled with local practices and the stubborn materiality of history. This poster presents recent archaeological and anthropological research, identifying the reach and effects of Inka Empire and distinguishing local...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carla Hernández Garavito.

This is an abstract from the "Indigenous Stories of the Inka Empire: Local Experiences of Ancient Imperialism" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The results from archaeological excavations on a residential settlement and a ritual-public center in Huarochirí suggest minimal use of Inka-style material culture in most everyday life contexts. At the same time, architectural intervention suggests a significant transformation on both sites’ layouts....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sonia Alconini.

This is an abstract from the "Alfareros deste Inga: Pottery Production, Distribution and Exchange in the Tawantinsuyu" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. As a multiethnic empire, the Inkas maintained varying forms of relations with the provinces and outllying frontier regions. To maintain control, state power was often materialized in state architecture, prestige materials and standardized ceramic styles disseminating the imperial ideology. Despite...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jacqueline Correa. Ester Echenique. Calogero Santoro.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Standardized Inka tunics or unku were created under the Inka State auspices as symbolic expressions of their expansionist power. To ensure these textiles acquired the status of effective insignias of territorial control, the Inka imposed technical and aesthetic canons on highly skilled weavers. These conventions were adapted relative to the traditions and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick Mullins. Brendon Murray. William Feltz. Matthew Ballance. Brian Billman.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This poster presents the results of 5 seasons (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022) of aerial kite and drone imagery from the Moche Valley and the integration of these data into the Moche Valley Settlement Database (MVSD). The MVSD is a collaborative initiative that is synthesizing Prehistoric (~10,000 BCE – 1500s CE) and Viceroyalty Era (1500s – 1800s CE)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Nicolas Lorenzo.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Investigaciones sobre el cambio social entre el Periodo Formativo Medio y Tardío de los Andes Centrales tienen identificado diversos estímulos (sociales, climáticos e ideológicos) como causante de dicha realidad. Sin embargo, durante la última década una creciente acumulación de datos de diversas regiones ha configurado el rol activo de las interacciones...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Florencio Delgado Espinoza.

According to the early Spanish chronicles, the Cañaris were a constellation of chiefdoms which fiercely challenged the Inka expansion to the north. Early Texts show that war and conflict was the way they interacted in the region. As a conquest strategy during Wayna Qhapac's rule, the Inkas built important infrastructure in their heartland, such as Tomebamba in Cuenca and Ingapirka in Hatún Cañar, in addition to other smaller sites along the Qhapac Ñan. However, the archaeological evidence for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kasia Szremski. Carla Hernández Gravito.

This is an abstract from the "Dedication, Collaboration, and Vision, Part I: Papers in Honor of Tom D. Dillehay" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Tom Dillehay’s early research in the Peruvian Chillon valley integrated archaeological and historical methods to demonstrate that Inka imperialism was not monolithic. Critically engaging with traditional models of verticality among Andean communities, his data-rich research demonstrated that the previous...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luisa Diaz Arriola.

This is an abstract from the "Political Economies on the Andean Coast" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. El registro arqueológico de la costa central peruana durante los períodos tardíos (900-1532 dC) da cuenta de la presencia de conchas y semillas exóticas, y piedras semi preciosas provenientes de la costa nor peruana y del Ecuador. Su presencia se explica a través de dos posibles rutas: la terrestre y la marítima. La etnohistoria grafica que en el...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kurt Rademaker.

The Andean cordillera was one of the world’s last mountain regions to be colonized by hunter-gatherers. To date, the empirical evidence indicates an initial appearance of humans in the high Andes (up to 4500 m above sea level) in the Terminal Pleistocene, about 12,500 years ago. Early forager sites of the Andes exhibit a spectrum of settlement and mobility configurations, which constitute responses to the structure of resources in their specific habitats. Intriguingly, some of the earliest and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniela La Chioma.

This is an abstract from the "Music Archaeology's Paradox: Contextual Dependency and Contextual Expressivity" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In Moche art, archaeological evidence related to sound and music can be found in cultural materials from sculptured bottles to the notorious fine-line paintings. Sound-producing instruments, musicians, and musical performances have been featured worldwide in museum expositions and scholarly discourse about...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Bria.

This paper combines assemblage theory with ritual economy in the study of long-term community formation at prehistoric Hualcayán, in highland Ancash, Peru. In particular, it explores how the people of Hualcayán interlinked and coordinated their practices of building, food production, and ritual consumption to assemble a Recuay community during the Andean Early Intermediate Period (AD 1–700). It traces the archaeological evidence of how religious ideologies, social group divisions, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte King. Sian Halcrow. Andrew Millard. Vivien Standen. Bernardo Arriaza.

Maternal and infant care practices are deeply individual, as well as being affected by both cultural and environmental factors. Disentangling the various processes which lead to decision-making in the past is difficult, and bioarchaeologists must use multiple lines of evidence to begin to understand behaviours. New incremental isotopic techniques mean that it is now possible to look at individual maternal and infant experiences through tissue chemistry. However, incremental isotopic results are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amanda Aland.

This is an abstract from the "Indigenous Stories of the Inka Empire: Local Experiences of Ancient Imperialism" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological investigations of Inka sites often focus on the presence or quantity of Inka materials as a way of determining the degree of imperial domination. While such analyses may work well in heartland sites with visible Inka materials having a clear imperial connection, in many provincial regions we...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lawford Hatcher. Katherine Chiou. Emily McKenzie. Caleb Ranum. Juan Monzon.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Chili peppers (*Capsicum spp.) are an incredibly diverse and abundant crop across the Americas whose domestication began around 10,000 BP as a complex co-evolutionary process between humans and these plants. This genus has served many culinary, medicinal, and ritualistic uses throughout its evolution and diversification. With an interest in tracking the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luz Antonio. William H. Isbell.

This is an abstract from the "Seeing Wari through the Lens of the Everyday: Results from the Patipampa Sector of Huari" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. La cerámica huari ha sido definida como una gran oleada de varios estilos contemporáneos, con sus propias características y conviviendo con un estilo sobresaliente y diferente denominado Conchopata, el cual sirvió como marcador del inicio del Horizonte Medio. Gracias a las excavaciones en Huari y...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Isbell. Barbara Wolff. Ismael Perez Calderon. Gonzalo Rodriguez Carpio. J. Alberto Carbajal Alegre.

This is an abstract from the "Seeing Wari through the Lens of the Everyday: Results from the Patipampa Sector of Huari" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Excavations in an ancient non-elite area of Patipampa, Huari reveal remarkable new information about vernacular environments of the early city. Architectural remains consist of a limited range of very distinctive buildings, where life was probably ground-oriented, and experience of the city...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Atsushi Yamamoto. Juan Pablo Vargas Diaz. Oscar Arias Espinoza.

This is an abstract from the "Recent Innovations in Ecuadorian Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Cañar Valley, located in the southern part of Ecuador, is one of the most important regions with archaeological evidence in the country. Located in this area are the archaeological sites Cerro Narrio and Loma de Pinshul. Seated on top of natural elevations that rise above the valley, both sites have the peculiarity of facing each other....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Olga Gabelmann.

The High Valley in Cochabamba yields two different ceramic wares, which on first sight may demonstrate a homogeneous society. But by investigating the chaîne operatoire, the two wares each show a different set of variables on technique and practice in the production process, and, therefore, must have been produced in separate workshops. Although there is a functional aspect of each ware on the one hand, the differences can also be interpreted as expressions based on a "habitus" of technical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bethany Turner.

This is an abstract from the "From Individual Bodies to Bodies of Social Theory: Exploring Ontologies of the Americas" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In just under a century, the Inka subjugated twelve million people across the Central Andes. As part of their governing strategies, Inca administrators relocated individuals and even entire communities throughout the empire for myriad purposes; this practice often produced constructed communities...