Gender (Other Keyword)
76-100 (176 Records)
In northern Ethiopia, men and women build houses together but they use different building techniques to do so. These gendered technical practices are used in other gendered tasks that are concentrated in different but overlapping spatial realms, where men and women perform daily activities. It is proposed that gendered technical practice constitutes identities and relationships by creating a gendered material world that makes sense of who makes what, where, when, and how.
Hunting and/or Gathering: Gender and Fishing Practices in Polynesia (2017)
Fish and fishing occupy an intersection between meat and not-meat, hunting and gathering. As such, it does not fall into a clean division of labor by gender. Fish were acquired, processed, and distributed according to distinct sociocultural and sociopolitical codes of conduct that could result in death if not properly carried out: either accidental death from ciguatera toxicity or execution as punishment for breaking kapu/taboo. Tuna is well-known to be one of the most prized animals in...
"I don’t know all of these stories": Method and Intention in Community-Oriented Research and Heritage Projects (2016)
Scholars who conduct engaged and collaborative research and heritage projects often warn against treating participants as homogeneous communities who speak with a unified voice. Gender provides a useful lens to combat this tendency and to create a reflexive, action-oriented archaeology. This paper will discuss the role of gender, intersectionality, and intersubjectivity in method and intention in archaeological practices. Current projects in Georgia, USA and Rajasthan, India will be used to...
Identifying with the Help: an Examination of Class, Ethnicity and Gender in a Post-Colonial German Houselot (2015)
The German presence within the Mississippi River valley, has received little attention through archaeological investigation. German outbuildings (as well as those living and/or working within outbuildings) have received even less reflection and deserves to be addressed to better understand what life was like within the American interior for "the help" during the country’s formative years. Bought in 1833 by a German family, the Janis-Ziegler property quickly moved from one centered in French...
Identities in Flux at an American Frontier Fort: A Study of 19th Century Army Laundresses at Fort Davis, Texas (2016)
As spaces of translation, frontiers and boundaries are the ideal location to study personhood and identity as inhabitants of these landscapes constantly experience and actively negotiate between the multiple live realities that are shaped by often conflicting ideologies. I propose the use of third-space as a framework for understanding the fragmentation and fluidity of experience in the American frontier during the 19th century. Using materials related daily life at a multi-ethnoracial, western...
Identity Intersectionality and Gender in the Archaeological Past and the Archaeologists’ Present (2017)
Archaeologists live in a reality in which gender, sexuality, race, age, and occupational identities (to name a few) are pervasive and impactful in our professional and personal lives. Our individual experiences in the world are always being shaped by our place at the intersection of multiple perceived and/or performed identities in the multiple social landscapes we inhabit. It then must be accepted that social identities operated similarly for people in the past. Still, there remains a hesitance...
Imitation is the Sincerest Form of Flattery: Gulf Coast Olmec Sex, Gender, and Dress as Reflected in the San Bartolo Murals (2015)
The murals within the Pinturas structure at the site of San Bartolo, Guatemala have provided invaluable information for understanding the Late Formative period Maya, as well as for understanding their emulation, adoption, and adaptation of Epi-Olmec culture, religion, and iconography. As noted by a number of scholars, the figures depicted in the murals have the distinctive, graceful, and relatively naturalistic body forms of early Maya images, but the facial types, clothing, and adornments...
In the Crossfire of Canons: A Study of Status, Space, and Interaction at Mid-19th Century Vancouver Barracks, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Washington (2016)
The U.S. Army’s Fort Vancouver in southwest Washington served as the headquarters for the U.S. Army’s Pacific Northwest exploration and campaigns from 1849 to World War II. During the mid-19th century, members of the military community operated within a rigid social climate with firm cultural expectations and rules of behavior that articulated with Victorian notions of gentility. Excavations of residential areas occupied by junior officers, non-commissioned officers, laundresses, and enlisted...
Inequity Critiques: Fit, Prestige, and the Don Quixote Effect (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond Leaky Pipelines: Exploring Gender Inequalities in Archaeological Practice" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Over the last 35 years, scholars have produced an ever-increasing number of publications critiquing sexism and androcentrism in contemporary archaeological practice. Various studies have considered the relationship between intersectional gender identities and the completion of doctoral degrees, submission...
Inside Ancient Kitchens: New Directions in the Study of Daily Meals and Feasts (2010)
The anthropology of food is an area of research in which economic, social, and political dynamics interact in incredibly complex ways. Using archaeological case studies from around the globe, Inside Ancient Kitchens presents new perspectives on the comparative study of prehistoric meals from Peru to the Philippines. Inside Ancient Kitchens builds upon the last decade of feasting studies and presents two unique goals for broadening the understanding of prehistoric meals. First, the volume focuses...
Intersecting Identities in Southeastern U.S. Prehistory (2015)
Archaeological evidence from the southeastern and mid-south regions of the U.S. suggest that dress, personal ornamentation, and body modification were key strategies for presenting the self during later prehistory. These markers were apparently deployed to designate multiple and intersecting aspects of identity, including gender, age, community affiliation, and leadership status. Evidence comes from recovered artifacts, human burials, and representational images of humans. Some archaeologists...
Intersectional Feminist Theory And Materializations Of Multiple, Fluid, Interacting Gender Identities, Exemplified By Immigrant Participants' Negotiations In Reform Women’s Programs Around The Turn Of The 20th Century (2018)
Feminists have theorized intersectionality in two related ways: in1970 Pauli Murray discussed the "multiple barriers of poverty, race and sex," and in 1989 Kimberlé Crenshaw named interlinked racism and sexism intersectionality, which she recently expanded to include classism, heterosexism, homophobia, ableism, etc. Another kind of intersectionality feminists have theorized are the relationships between gender, class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, etc. in people’s identities, which are the...
An Intersectional Study of Authorship and Citation in American Antiquity, Latin American Antiquity, and Advances in Archaeological Practice (2017)
Over the last thirty years, archaeologists studying identity in the past have also examined archaeologists in the present. Feminist archaeologists of the 1990s examined gender inequities among archaeologists using a wide variety of metrics. Since NAGPRA passed in 1991, many have written about the roles of Native Americans and other people of color in archaeological research. Yet there are no studies of how sexism, racism, and heterosexism work together in our field. I will examine patterns of...
Intersectionality, Strategic Essentialism, Third Spaces, and Charmed Circles: Using Dead Ladies’ Garbage to Explain Today’s America (2017)
Audre Lorde wrote, "There is no such thing as a single-issue struggle because we do not live single-issue lives." And yet, certain identities and struggles are forefronted every day. In 1903, middle-class women founded Wiawaka Holiday House in New York’s Adirondacks for "working girls" to have an affordable vacation away from unhealthy factories and cities. Using strategic essentialism and Third Space, a 1920s assemblage from Wiawaka demonstrates the deeply dependent relationships among race,...
The Invisibility of Violent Women (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Women of Violence: Warriors, Aggressors, and Perpetrators of Violence" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. We are all capable of violence. Violence utilized by men is rarely—if ever—questioned, but for women it is presumed a tool employed only by exception. Individuals and groups of both sexes have used violence to many ends. Though sex may influence the context and mode of employment, the capacity for violence is...
Journal study of the AJA and BASOR, 2015-2020 (2021)
Data on the gendered production of knowledge in Mediterranean archaeology collected for the book chapter "Gender and Power in the Practice of Mediterranean Archaeology" by Grace Erny and Dimitri Nakassis. In order to understand better the effects of sexism on knowledge production in the archaeology of the Mediterranean and Near East, we carried out a small pilot study on the six most recent years (2015-2020) of publications in two flagship journals: the American Journal of Archaeology (AJA),...
The Key to It All: Anglo-Saxon Female Identity (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Small Things Unforgotten" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Keys are made to open locks: they are practical and necessary, so why were they deposited in Anglo-Saxon female burials? Anglo-Saxon female identity has been tied to domesticity and family, which has been interpreted based on grave goods. Recent reevaluations of 10th c AD Scandinavian culture has revealed a more complicated gender role for women than previously...
Kids in the Trenches: Women as Mothers and Professionals in Archaeology (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Women’s Work: Archaeology and Mothering" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In many STEM and academic settings being a woman with children can be seen as a liability to her progress in her field. While men are praised for being academics and fathers, mothers are routinely penalized in terms of their pay, ability to participate in professional conferences, advancement in the field, and publication rates. We...
Kitchen Things: Material Entanglement and Modernity in 19th- Century Iceland (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Working on the 19th-Century" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper will look at the material culture of the kitchen in 19th-century Iceland through probate inventories and ceramic assemblages. It hypothesizes that changes in kitchen assemblages had an active role in the modernization process. Rather than simply being the effects of increased consumerism and global capitalism the things had an active influence on...
Late Bronze Age women of the steppe frontier: a bioarchaeological analysis of multiple sites in northern China (2017)
The late Bronze Age in the Inner Asian steppe was a transitional period, with the adoption of mobile herding, as well as increasing sociopolitical interaction and complexity among groups in this region. Although archaeological studies have indicated that many steppe groups engaged in a variety of subsistence practices, pastoralism in general has been characterized as a rather uniform lifestyle; and nomadic pastoralism in particular has been associated more often with the role of males, i.e., as...
Learning to Listen: Quinhagak Voices Teaching about Gender (2016)
This presentation describes how archaeologists are using the knowledge of community stakeholders from the Yup'ik village of Quinhagak, Alaska to analyze gender dynamics at Nunalleq (GDN-248), a pre-contact village site located on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. During the summer of 2015, Quinhagak residents were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews about gender roles and activities in Yup'ik society and about the relevance of gender to stakeholder questions about the past. Interview...
Learning To Live: Gender And Labor At Indian Boarding Schools (2016)
In 1879, the first federally funded off-reservation boarding school for Native American children was opened at the site of a former army barracks in Pennsylvania. Several additional facilities were soon established throughout the United States. Guided by official policies of assimilation and goals of fundamentally transforming the identities of their pupils, these institutions enrolled thousands of individuals from a multitude of tribal communities, sometimes forcibly. Once at school, students...
Legacies of Ethiopian Women: Revealing Heritage through an indigenous animistic ontology (2016)
This paper will focus on the importance of including women’s legacies and narratives in the heritage of southern Ethiopia. In particular, women’s memories reveal the significance of life rituals associated with birth, marriage, and leadership, which served as reminders for illuminating their indigenous ontology Detsa concerning animism, fertility, and prestige. Traces of their life experiences and thoughts are tangible as visible markers on the landscape at Biare Dere, first settlements....
The Legal Language of Sex: Interpreting a Hierarchy of Prostitution Using the Terminology of Criminal Charges (2016)
It is generally acknowledged that there was a hierarchical structure to turn-of-the-century sex trade, with madams at the top and streetwalkers at the bottom. But what did this structure mean for the women who inhabited these roles? And how can we access all levels of the hierarchy? Police magistrate court dockets provide a valuable lens through which to analyze prostitution in Fargo, North Dakota during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, these documents speak to...
Legitimizing Nearness: Negotiating Identities in the Spatial Design of 25th Dynasty Nubian Cemeteries (2018)
Ancient Egypt is characterized as a highly centralized and dominating state. However, following the disintegration of the New Kingdom in the 11th century BC, division of state and conquests by foreign rulers ushered in a period of economic decline and political instability. The fracturing of dominion continued until the 8th century BC, when the Nubian kingdom of Kush unified Upper and Lower Egypt into the geographically largest empire since the New Kingdom. The Nubian pharaohs began...