Early Archaic (Temporal Keyword)
226-250 (266 Records)
Pruitt Shelter No. 1 (3NW1308) is situated along a steep bluff face of the Buffalo River, Newton County, Arkansas. Site 3NW1308 is estimated to have been occupied during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene, as well as during the Early Archaic through the Late Mississippian, the latter represented by lithics recovered from the site. A midden that appears to have been deposited between approximately AD 600 and 1600 was sampled for pollen analysis.
POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 48SU7579, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING (2018)
Prehistoric camp site 48SU7579, situated on a northwesterly extending ridge finger, lies at an elevation of 7030 ft overlooking the Alkali Creek drainage valley. Two areas, Blocks A and B, date to the Opal Phase of the Early Archaic. Feature fill was collected from four features for pollen analysis to assess their use and provide paleoenvironmental information. A modern control sample assists with interpretation of prehistoric use.
POLLEN AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS FOR SITE 48CR1790, BRIDGERMINE PROJECT (2000)
Pollen and macrofloral samples were collected and examined from Housepit 2 and two isolated features at 48CR 1790, an open camp site containing three housepits and several isolated features. This site represents an Opal phase occupation during the Early Archaic period. Radiocarbon ages of 5300 ± 60 BP and 6320 ± 60 BP were obtained for two housepits, each housepit representing a separate occupation. To date, few housepits have been excavated in the Washakie Basin. Pollen and macrofloral...
POLLEN AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE JAMES W. HATCH SITE, 36CE0544, CENTRE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (2018)
The James W. Hatch Site (36CE0544) is located 80 meters west of Slab Cabin Run, a tributary of Spring Creek near the base of Nittany Mountain, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Site surroundings include Millbrook Marsh Nature Center, a marsh ecosystem preserve, and the Pennsylvania State University campus. The geology of the site demonstrates complexly folded and faulted Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks, which is common in the western Appalachian Mountains. Diagnostic lithic finds recovered...
POLLEN AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM SITE 48SU3993, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING (2017)
Site 48SU3993 exhibits three cultural components representing the Great Divide phase of the Early Archaic, the Opal phase of the Early Archaic, and the Pine Spring phase of the Late Archaic. Situated in the northern portion of the Wyoming Basin, this hunter-gatherer open camp represents multiple short-term residential camps. Pollen analysis of the modern surface, three stratigraphic samples, and nine thermal feature samples, as well as starch analysis of the same nine thermal feature samples,...
POLLEN, STARCH, AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM HEARTH FEATURES AT SITES 5MF6806, 5MF6871, AND 5MF6872, MOFFAT COUNTY, COLORADO (2010)
A total of fourteen samples from hearth features at sites 5MF6871, 5MF6872, and 5MF6806 were examined for pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. These sites were encountered during well pad construction in Powder Wash, Colorado. Radiocarbon dates suggest Settled Period and Pioneer Period (both Early Archaic) occupations at 5MF6806, Settled Period and Aspen Tradition (Formative Era) occupations at 5MF6871, and Pioneer Period and Aspen Tradition occupations at 5MF6872. Pollen, starch, and...
POLLEN, STARCH, ORGANIC RESIDUE, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GROUNDSTONE AND FLAKED LITHICS FROM TWO ARCHAIC SITES (42SA24414 AND 42SA21484) IN SAN JUAN COUNTY, UTAH (2008)
Archaeobotanical and organic residue analysis was conducted on a metate, mano, two lithic artifacts, and associated soil controls from sites 42SA21484 and 42SA24114, located in San Juan County, Utah. Site 42SA21484 is an Archaic period lithic scatter, and site 42SA24114 is an Early Archaic lithic quarry and lithic scatter with a historic component. The project area lies within two vegetation communities, the pinyon-juniper woodland and the sagebrush community. Pollen, phytolith, organic residue...
A Popular Spot: Four Thousand Years of Occupation at the Battle Spring West Site (48SW16604) In the Great Divide Basin, Wyoming (2013)
Excavations for the Ur-Energy Lost Creek Project at the Battle Spring West site yielded remains from multiple occupations extending from the Opal phase through Uinta phase. The excavation data did not reveal evidence of longterm occupation, such as structural elements or semi-permanent, immovable processing tools such as large ground stone implements. Taken as a whole, the site assemblage suggests the archaeological remains are the result of hunting-related activities including camping, tool...
Potential for DNA Testing of the Human Remains from Columbia Park, Kennewick, Washington [Feb. 3, 2000] (2000)
At the request of the Department of Justice and Dr. Francis P. McManamon, Departmental Consulting Archaeologist of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, the authors discuss the potential for DNA analysis of the human skeletal remains from Kennewick, Washington that are the objects of the lawsuit now pending (Bonnichsen et al., vs. United States of America, Civil No. 9601481-JE). The purpose of such an analysis would be to determine the genetic affinity of the above individual by...
Prehistoric Obsidian Utilization in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming (1996)
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the source of 107 obsidian projectile points in surface collections from the Beartooth Mountains of south-central Montana and northwest Wyoming. Seventy-two percent of the points were from Obsidian Cliff in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Evidence was found for change of source usage when the artifacts were grouped into cultural affiliation periods.
Prehistoric Obsidian Utilization in the Central Rocky Mountains: The Lookingbill Site 48FR308 (1994)
XRF (x-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy was used to study obsidian artifacts collected from the Helen Lookingbill site (48FR308). The site is located in the southern Absaroka Mountains, a part of the Central Rocky Mountains of Wyoming. Using XRF, the trace element proportions for artifacts were compared to trace element proportions for known sources to identify the sources of the artifacts. The artifacts were produced from four obsidian sources west and northwest of the site. The pattern of...
Preliminary Geoarchaeological Studies at Columbia Park, Kennewick, Washington, USA (1998)
In August 1996 a well preserved, disarticulated human skeleton was found submerged in Lake Wallula within an area about 7 m offshore at Columbia Park in Kennewick, Washington. The skeleton's anatomy (non-Mongoloid physical features) and great antiquity attest to its tremendous scientific importance to New World archaeology. On August 26, 1997 an ARPA permit application was submitted by Drs. Gary Huckleberry (Washington State University), Robson Bonnichsen (Oregon State University), C. Vance...
Probable Edible and Medicinal Flora Used by Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Groups in the Bighorn and Wind River Basins of North Central Wyoming (2002)
The intent of this paper is to assist others with the objective of insights concerning the flora, food choices, and life styles of Native American hunter-gatherers of 2,000-12,000 years ago -particularly concerning the Wind River and Bighorn Basins of western Wyoming. The reason for full listings, rather than the shortened version found in archaeological reports, is to aid the student who would not have access to an extensive bibliography. Although it may appear to be redundant to state much the...
PROTEIN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE BRIDGE SITE (15LV98), LIVINGSTON COUNTY, KENTUCKY (2019)
Twelve lithics were recovered from the Early Archaic Bridge Site (15LV98) located in Livingston County, Kentucky. The lithics were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis to determine animals processed at the site.
A Radiocarbon Date on the Residue Adhering to a Steatite Vessel from Southern Wyoming (1995)
Wyoming’s steatite industry is at least 5500 years old, but steatite vessels are considerably more recent. Just how recent was determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of the organic residue adhering to the inside of a fragmentary steatite vessel. The date of 101.7 ± 6 yrs BP is the first direct date on a steatite vessel in Wyoming. The surprisingly recent date raises questions about who used steatite vessels. Clearly, Shoshoni (and maybe even Euroamericans) used steatite in the...
A Report on the Discovery and Recovery of Human Remains from Columbia Park Site, Kennewick, WA, July-September 1996 (1998)
This report sets forth a more detailed accounting of the events involved in the discovery and intermittent recovery of the human skeletal elements that are today variously referred to as "Kennewick Man," or the "Ancient One." A preliminary but generalized summary of these events was prepared as part of a historic context report completed by the author in February 1998. The following report provides more specific delineation of the events surrounding the initial discovery and recovery of human...
Report on the Non-Destructive Examination, Description, and Analysis of the Human Remains from Columbia Park, Kennewick, Washington [October 1999] (1999)
Between 25 February and 1 March 1999, a team of physical anthropologists, archeologists, curators, and conservators conducted a detailed examination of human remains from Kennewick, Washington, that have been the subject of anthropological, cultural, and legal controversies since their recovery in 1996. The four chapters of this report are the descriptive and analytical reports of the expert team that examined the remains in February and March of 1999. They are presented here as part of the...
Report on the Skeletal Taphonomy, Dating, and DNA Testing Results of the Kennewick Human Remains from Columbia Park, Kennewick, Washington [September 2000] (2000)
The descriptive and analytical reports of the expert team that investigated the Kennewick remains in April, 2000, and the subsequent DNA analyses that were performed between May and September, 2000. NOTE: The Taphonomy report and Chapter 5 of the complete Report and the combined PDF ("whole document") contain small images of human bone from the Kennewick skeletal remains and may not considered inappropriate for viewing by some.
Reports of Investigation 19: Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic in the Upper Wabash Valley
The Archaeological Resources Management Service constructed a study unit for the Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic periods for the Upper Wabash drainage of central Indiana. This project was to be carried out through a review of previously documented sites and artifacts from the region and through a field survey focused on testing a model for Paleo-Indian site location common in the Ohio drainage basin. During the project, 175 Paleo-Indian and 171 Early Archaic artifacts were documented in the Upper...
Reports on the Cultural Affiliation of the Kennewick Man (2000)
This report details four studies by experts in anthropological, archeological, cultural, and historical topics relevant to the determination of whether the Kennewick man remains could be culturally affiliated under the terms of NAGPRA.
Research Design: Approach to Documentation, Analysis, Interpretation, and Disposition of Human Remains Inadvertently Discovered at Columnbia Park, Kennewick, WA (1998)
This document is the initial research design developed for the investigation of the ancient human skeleton dscovered in the shallow water of Lake Wallulla, Kennewick, Washington. The design described in this document was used to organize the historical and scientific research carried out by the Department of the Interior and Corps of Engineers to provide a factual basis for resolving the controversy and legal dispute related to the human remains. The research design was intended to carry out...
The Results of Cultural Resource Investigations at Cactus Flat Dry Lake Margins, Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada (2000)
The Cactus Flat Lakeside Margine Study was conducted on the Tonopah Test Site of the Nevada Test and Training Range a the Nellis Air Force Base. The goal was to: 1) identify the types of cultural resources around the margins of this dry lake system; 2) test a geomorphological model relating specific landforms to the distributions of prehistoric cultural resources; and 3) determine the hydrographic history of this closed basin through examination of stratigraphic sequences. The model and the...
Results of the 2003 Hell Gap Investigation (2003)
Hell Gap (48G0305) is located in the Hell Gap Valley in Goshen County, Wyoming (Figure 1 ). The site contains at least five discrete localities (Figure 2) including remnants of a complete Paleoindian cultural sequence, from more than 11,000BP to 7 ,500 BP (IrwinWilliams et al. 1973). Initially investigated in 1959 by George Agogino of the University of Wyoming, the site was excavated by Agogino along with Henry Irwin, Cynthia Irwin, and J. O. Brew of Harvard University from 1961-1966. In...
Review and Comment on the Draft Research Design (20 October 1998): Approach to Documentation, Analysis, Interpretation, and Disposition of Human Remains Inadvertently Discovered at Columbia Park, Kennewick, WA (1998)
This document is an independent review of the ten page DOI draft research design that details the structured approach to be followed in the analysis and interpretation of human remains recovered from the Columbia River near Kennewick, Washington. This review addresses three general topics: (1) an analysis of the general approach and procedures described in the document considering whether these are logical, scientifically sound, and likely to produce information needed to make reasonable...
Review of "Late PPaleoindianand Early Archaic Manifestations in Western Kentucky," by Martha A. Rolingson and Douglas W. Schwartz (1967)
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