Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Data: Inhumation Body Treatment Raw Data and Multiple Correspondence Analysis Scores

Creator(s): M Scott Thompson; Todd L. Howell; Keith Kintigh; Brenda Shears

Year: 2013

Summary

In the dissertation titled "Interactions with the Incorporeal in the Mississippian and Ancestral Puebloan Worlds," the author analyzed the Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Data: Inhumation Body Treatment data set in an examination of the performance of mortuary ritual at Protohistoric period Zuni villages. The analysis of body treatment and the larger consideration of mortuary ritual were designed to understand the identities of the spirits of the dead in Mississippian period villages of the Georgia Coast and in Protohistoric era Zuni villages. Please see the dissertation for details about the analysis and analysis procedures: http://core.tdar.org/project/380979.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Inhumation Body Treatment data set was analyzed to evaluate whether particular body treatments selectively memorialized elect members of the dead, or body treatment memorialized nearly all the dead uniformly. The data were used in a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), which helps to characterize the relative differentiation and/or uniformity of body treatments. MCA is a multivariate statistical procedure that places cases (e.g., burials) with similar attributes (e.g., body treatment attributes) close to each other in a low-dimensional space; it places cases with different attributes far apart from each other in this space.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa inhumation body treatment analysis and MCA are presented in the dissertation's Chapter 6 "Prehispanic Ancestral Spirits of Hawikku and Kechiba:wa." The graphical results of the MCA are presented in Figures 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Inhumation Body Treatment data were extracted for analysis from the study's primary aggregated mortuary data set, available at the following URL: http://core.tdar.org/dataset/380985. These data include all cases that were used in the study's analysis. In addition, it includes all body treatment variables and the treatment (variable) attributes used in the MCA.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa inhumation body treatment data set that is curated here contains two data sheets: 1) the raw data used in the MCA, and 2) the resulting metrics from the MCA. The raw data record individual body treatment variables (e.g., articulation, body position, posture, orientation, etc.), with multiple categorical variable states (i.e., attributes) for each variable. These data were passed into the SPSS 20 MCA algorithm to create a graphical representation of the relative similarity and/or differences in body treatment among individual sets of remains. Please see the dissertation's Figures 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11.

The resulting metrics from the inhumation body treatment MCA contain data that pertain to the production of the MCA graphical space and to the additional analysis/interpretation of that space. Foremost, this data sheet contains each burial's MCA object score (i.e., each burial's coordinates for placement in the two-dimensional space). Second, it contains each burial's k-means cluster assignment (if applicable) within the coordinate space. Finally, it contains additional demographic and attribute data that may be useful for further exploration of mortuary patterning in the MCA space.

Cite this Record

Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Data: Inhumation Body Treatment Raw Data and Multiple Correspondence Analysis Scores. M Scott Thompson, Todd L. Howell, Keith Kintigh, Brenda Shears. 2013 ( tDAR id: 391948) ; doi:10.6067/XCV83779N6

Restricted Access Some or all of this resource's attached file(s) are not publicly accessible.

Data Set Structure

Measurement Column
Count Column
Coded Column
Filename Column
Integration Column (has Ontology)

Table Information: MCA coordinates

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
MCA Dimension 2 The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) score (i.e., object score) along Dimension 1. The score was returned from an MCA procedure on body treatment variables in SPSS 20. To view the MCA scatterplot of burial cases (arranged according to similarities and differences in body treatment), create a plot of Dimension 1 scores on the x-axis and Dimension 2 scores on the y-axis.
DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Feature Number The feature number that was assigned to each burial. The lettered prefixes designate the site: "Hwk" = Hawikku, "Kchp" = Kechiba:wa (Kechipawan). The number is the number assigned to the burial feature in the field.
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Feature ID/Number none none true
MCA Dimension 1 The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) score (i.e., object score) along Dimension 1. The score was returned from an MCA procedure on body treatment variables in SPSS 20. To view the MCA scatterplot of burial cases (arranged according to similarities and differences in body treatment), create a plot of Dimension 1 scores on the x-axis and Dimension 2 scores on the y-axis.
DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true

Table Information: raw data

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
Column #14 BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Column #13 BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Note This column contains about the variables which were "active" in an MCA of body treatment, and which variables were supplementary.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Feature Number VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Feature ID/Number none none true
Site name Hwk = Hawikku; Kech = Kechiba:wa (Kechipawan)
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Site none none true
Cemetery In their synthesis of the Hawikku excavations, Smith et al. (1966) designated separate, large burial clusters at Hawikku as cemeteries and assigned them numbers. Howell (1994) determined that the cemeteries were, in fact, discrete spatial units, and that they were likely kin-based spatial units. Keith Kintigh and Brenda Shears have assigned similar clusters of burials at Kechiba:wa to cemeteries. KechR = Kechiba:wa Room_followed by room number
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Locus none none true
Sex VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Sex none none true
Age VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Age none none true
Remains Present VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Completeness none none true
Body Posture VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Posture none none true
Body Position VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Position/Flexure none none true
Cranial Orientation VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Orientation/Alignment none none true
Wrapped and/or Covered This variable records if the body was wrapped and/or covered in preparation for burial. If the remains were wrapped and/or covered, it records the type of wrapping and/or covering.
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Preparation none none true
Capped and/or Lined This variable records if the body was placed in a feature that covered the body with a capping or surrounded it with a lining. If the remains were capped or surrounded by a lining, it records the type of capping material and/or lining.
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Facility none none true
Pigment This variable records if the body was associated with any pigments. Unfortunately, it does not distinguish whether the pigment was applied to the body or was merely placed in the burial feature as a raw material. Future research should make this distinction. If the remains were associated with pigment, it records the color(s) of the pigment(s).
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Preparation none none true

Keywords

Culture
Ancestral Puebloan • Zuni

Material
Human Remains

Site Name
Hawikku • Kechipawan

Site Type
Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Town / City

Investigation Types
Bioarchaeological Research • Collections Research

General
Mortuary Analysis

Temporal Keywords
Protohistoric Period

Temporal Coverage

Calendar Date: 1400 to 1600

Spatial Coverage

min long: -109.019; min lat: 34.972 ; max long: -108.693; max lat: 35.149 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): M Scott Thompson

File Information

  Name Size Creation Date Date Uploaded Access
Zuni-Inhumation-Body-Treatment_All-prehistoric-inhumations_MCA... 65.11kb Jan 31, 2014 12:41:46 PM Confidential
  • Translated version Zuni-Inhumation-Body-Treatment_All-prehistoric-inhumations_MCA... (237.50kb)
    Data column(s) in this dataset have been associated with coding sheet(s) and translated:

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    Contact(s): M Scott Thompson