Republic of El Salvador (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
626-650 (2,850 Records)
In the ancient cities of Ur and Chan Chan, excavations revealed that when a lord died, dozens of servants were sometimes put to death and buried with the lord. Such examples of retainer sacrifice, also mentioned for Aztec kings and documented in Maya tombs, raise questions about slavery, violence, and subjectivity. David Graeber has argued that slavery played a key role in the origin of commercial systems. The transition at issue concerns the melding of human economies (which make and remake...
Creeping Collapse at Copan (2017)
Over the last decade archaeologists have shifted from dramatic accounts of collapse to more nuanced narratives of decline and disruption, resilience and recovery. This shift partly reflects richer archaeological data, and partly fashion. Although Copan has long been a poster-child for the Classic Maya collapse, the history of research there has long prefigured this shift in archaeological perception and contributed importantly to it.
Cremation during the Early period (1000 BC – 600 AD) in the archaeological site Matecaña (Pereira) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Four funerary urns from the archaeological site Matecaña (Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia) were analyzed to understand the cremation mortuary practice during the Early period (1000 BC–600 AD). This archaeological record does not count with direct descendants and is under the stewardship of the Universidad de Caldas, which follows adequate processes to allow a...
Critical Dimensions in Obsidian Provenance Analysis (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Ann F. Ramenofsky: Papers in Honor of a Non-Normative Career" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Geochemistry, geology, and archaeology all conjoin contemporary provenance studies. Geochemistry provides the chemical signatures of parent geological materials and the requisite data to support attributions of archaeological artifacts to "source" (chemical type), geology provides the overarching context for understanding the...
The Critical Zone Revolution from 2016 LiDAR and Two Decades of Multiproxy Geoarchaeology around the Programme for Belize (2017)
Over the last two decades we have studied agroecosystems in the Programme for Belize (PfB), a valuable and privileged reserve for an exceedingly wide array of research efforts. Aspects of the agroecosystems preserved in the PfB include terraces, wetland fields, aguadas, ecology, and curious wall features under the canopy of this tropical forest with some savannas. We based these studies on excavations along multiple transects across this karst region’s uplands, escarpments, bajos, floodplains,...
CRM and Synthesis (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Refining Archaeological Data Collection and Management to Achieve Greater Scientific, Traditional, and Educational Values" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Today there is a growing movement to use accumulated archaeological information to contribute to discussions of general issues facing human societies, including our own. In this regard, the archaeological record is most unique and helpful when viewed at broad...
CRM Workers Are Key to Changing Archaeology: Epistemic Lessons from Quebecois Practitioners (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Cultural resource management (CRM) archaeology is the most common way for archaeologists to practice their craft in North America. As the field’s major workforce, CRM workers occupy a strategic position to change the discipline. In this presentation, I argue that an epistemic injustice framework can help CRM workers organize by participating in the...
Crocodiles in the Offerings of the Great Temple: use and symbolism (2017)
The numerous animals placed in the offerings of the Templo Mayor were brought in through tributes, trade, or spoils of war from every corner of the Aztec Empire—from tropical jungles to deserts. Indeed, the largest part of the fauna included in the collection at the Templo Mayor is identified as foreign. Crocodiles are among the exotic animals on display. This presentation explains the process of how these crocodiles were acquired, from their selection, to their hunt or capture, and, later,...
Crop Management and Domestication in Eastern North America Inspired Both Cooperative Niche Construction and Territorial Competition (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Fifty Years of Fretwell and Lucas: Archaeological Applications of Ideal Distribution Models" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Much recent research has emphasized the importance of both within-group cooperation and between-group competition in the human past. We hypothesize that the shift from foraging to food production in Eastern North America provided novel ecological conditions which impacted human sociality in the...
A Cross-Comparative Study of Problematic Deposits from M13-1 at El Perú Waka’ and the North Acropolis at Tikal (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological research on problematic deposits has provided a generic category for otherwise unexplainable bodies of evidence for ritual activity. This research focuses on data from two similarly constituted problematic deposits in the Maya area, one very well known from the North Acropolis at Tikal, and one lesser known from civic ceremonial structure M13-1...
Crumbling Walls: Terminal Classic Maya Collapse and Abandonment of Nim Li Punit, Belize (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper will present a synthetic review of the Terminal Classic collapse of the Maya site of Nim li Punit, Belize, based on new data from recent architectural excavations and artifact analysis. These lines of evidence show that around A.D. 800 the site saw the cessation of elite activities, the halting of new constructions, the disrepair of existing...
Crustaceans as part of the Mexica worldview: case study of Offering 125 associated to the Tlaltecuhtli monolith (2017)
Tlaltecuhtli monolith was discovered over offering number 125. It was buried in the sixth stage of construction of Tenochtitlan Sacred Precinct during Ahuítzotl government (1486-1502). The offering was composed of biotic elements from Panamic and Caribbean provinces. A microcosm is reflected due the offering disposition, vertical levels represented biota and elements of underworld, terrestrial and aerial stage. The inferior level as underworld, recorded aquatic biota. Crustacean were identified...
Cuban-Canadian Collaboration at the Sites in the Canímar River Basin and in the Cauto Region (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Cuban-Canadian research project was developed during the last 10 years between scholars from the University of Winnipeg and the University of Havana, the University of Matanzas and The Cuban Institute for Anthropology in order to investigate problems and help build a more complex picture of migration and exchange within the Greater Antilles and between...
Cueva Nordensjkold, Ultima Esperanza, Chile: A Late Pleistocene Faunal Assemblage (2018)
Cueva Nordensjkold is a cave located in the Cerro Benitez, at Ultima Esperanza, Chile, above 150 masl, and accordingly beyond the highest stand of the Late Glacial Consuelo paleolake. The study of its Late Pleistocene faunal remains -Mylodontinae, Hippidion saldiasi, Camelidae, Panthera onca mesembrina and a large undetermined carnivore- is crucial for the understanding of the process of biological colonization of the Cerro Benitez area, where ephemeral Late Pleistocene human occupations were...
Culinary Arts and Plant Residues of the Ancient Maya Lowlands: Botanical Ingredients beyond Maize and Cacao (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond Maize and Cacao: Reflections on Visual and Textual Representation and Archaeological Evidence of Other Plants in Precolumbian Mesoamerica" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Foraging, home gardening, and large-scale cultivation yielded products consumed at every level of ancient Maya societies, albeit in varying proportions. For decades, researchers have carefully documented miniscule botanical residues, from...
Culinary Contributions: What’s Cooking on Griddles in the Northern Caribbean (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Advances in the Archaeology of the Bahama Archipelago" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Precolonial foodways in the northern Caribbean have received restricted investigations. This paper is a synopsis of microbotanical residues extracted from clay griddles (flat cooking plates) excavated from three archaeological sites: El Flaco, La Luperona, and Palmetto Junction. Social identities are strongly linked to cultural...
The Cult of Xochipilli (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Flower World: Religion, Aesthetics, and Ideology in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Xochipilli, the Flower Prince, was widely revered through various manifestations as the patron god of the noble classes throughout southern Mexico. As such he was credited with patronage over palaces, royal marriages, feasts, wealth finance, and belief in an exclusive elite afterlife and...
Cultivating Archaeology through Project-based Learning (2018)
In project-based learning, students are expected to be at the center of discovery, wherein educators set the parameters of inquiry with complex and engaging questions and learning happens when students gain knowledge and skills through frequent check-ins, structured lectures, and with both open-ended and guided research. Under this model, I used indigenous cultigens, agricultural cash crops, and creole gardens to guide students in learning about the complexities and nuances of prehistoric...
Cultivating Lost Crops: New Insights on the Domestication of Goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) from a Common Garden Experiment (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Advancing the Archaeology of Indigenous Agriculture in North America" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In precolumbian eastern North America, archaeological evidence indicates that Indigenous peoples domesticated a unique crop system called the Eastern Agricultural Complex (EAC) before the arrival of maize (Zea mays) from what is now Mexico. The EAC is thought to have sustained past Indigenous people in eastern North...
A Cultura Tropical e a Origem da Antropização da Amazônia (2017)
Arqueólogos estão revelando que além de terem domesticado algumas plantas para consumo, como a mandioca, por exemplo, os indígenas teriam agido de modo a cultivar florestas inteiras! Além disso, pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento estão confirmando que a formação de parte das florestas e biodiversidade amazônicas, é produto da seleção cultural de espécies. A consequência disto foi que, muito provavelmente, boa parte das florestas conhecidas como naturais seriam, na verdade, obra...
Cultura Viva y Arqueología, del Rgistro de la Memoria por Propios y Extraños (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Working with the Community in Ecuador" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. El proyecto Cultura Viva se genera a partir de acciones públicas en comunidades interesadas en revalorizar sus costumbres, y que se encuentren dentro del área de influencia de las actividades de los proyectos arqueológicos realizados en la Costa del Ecuador, principalmente. Cultura Viva ha gestionado el levantamiento de rasgos de la herencia...
Cultural and Economic Interaction at Postclassic Guadalupe, Northeast Honduras (2018)
The Postclassic settlement of Guadalupe is located on the northeastern coast of Honduras, near Trujillo. With its location inside the interaction sphere between Mesoamerica, Lower Central America and the Caribbean, it lies within a culturally dynamic region that has received influences from various areas during different times. With respect to the Postclassic period, it has been demonstrated that access and distribution patterns of resources and goods changed and new networks of interaction...
The Cultural and Natural Landscapes of El Tintal, Guatemala: Preliminary Results of the Application of Airborne LiDAR (2017)
In this paper, we present the results of our preliminary analysis of the application of LiDAR (light detection and ranging) imagery of the archaeological site of El Tintal in northern Guatemala. El Tintal is an extensive site with over 800 known buildings distributed in an area of about 12 square kilometers. From the Preclassic through the Late Classic Periods (ca. 400 B.C. to A.D. 850), the cultural settlement developed in direct association with the natural landscape marked by extensive bajos...
Cultural Diversity and Transculturation in the Pre-Columbian Indigenous Universe of Northern Hispaniola (2018)
The island of Hispaniola has been considered an initial place by the formation of creoles cultures in the Caribbean and the Americas. This consideration has been founded on the study of the socio-economic dynamics and cultural transformation generated by the European colonial irruption, specially the creation of first Spanish colonial settlement on the island. At the same time, generate an excessive dependency of archaeological data of ethnohistorical sources, and formalized a reductionist...
Cultural Exchange in Times of Crisis: A Historical Perspective from Mexico of the 1930s and ‘40s (2018)
During the depths of the Great Depression and prior to and after World War II, Mexico’s Museo Nacional de Antropología undertook exchanges, or canjes, of archaeological pieces with a variety of museums, disseminating small portions of its collection across the nation and the world. Actual trades of archaeological works were completed in the early 1930s with museums in Yucatán, Mexico; Lima, Peru; and New York and Chicago in the United States. There were more limited exchanges of casts with...