Western Europe (Geographic Keyword)
151-175 (350 Records)
Waves of Iranian emigration after 1979 have left many forcibly exiled people seeking refuge in the historical and archaeological evidence of Cyrus' Persian Empire, redefining their national identity and regaining a more reliable, even reputable, position than that of asylum seekers and refugees in world opinion. The present article is an attempt to make an assessment of this process through investigating its prominent manifestations in Iranian media products 'out of site' as material culture....
The "ivory wreck": a probable 18th century British shipwreck in Faial Island (Azores, Portugal) (2013)
The reorganization of the maritime waterfront of Horta, in Faial Island (Azores), began in June 2009, and was preceded by an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study, which resulted in the development of several mitigation measures implemented before and during the construction works. This included the monitoring of the dredging works, but also the survey, excavation and removal of any archaeological materials discovered. This approach allowed us to identify and preserve remains related to...
Kenilworth – new evidence for the destruction of the castle (2013)
In advance of conservation work and more recently of the reconstruction of the Elizabethan Garden, a considerable amount of research has been carried out in recent years on Kenilworth Castle. This programme of work, including documentary research, extensive excavation, building analysis, dendrochronology and geophysical survey has also shed considerable light on the Civil War defences and on the nature and sequence of the destruction of the buildings. This paper seeks to set out the different...
The Kennemeland, then and now; managing high value wreck sites. (2013)
The wreck site of the Kennemerland represents the remains of the earliest identifiable Dutch East Indiaman to be protected within UK waters. The character of the Kennemerland is known from extensive historical sources. It was involved in deep sea international trade to the Far East as part of the trading activity of the largest contemporary mercantile concern, the VOC. The Kennemerland also represents a key site in the development of the academic study of Maritime Archaeology, the Protection of...
La Juliana 1588 – Recent investigation by the Underwater Archaeology Unit, National Monuments Service at the site of one of the 1588 Spanish Armada shipwrecks. (2016)
Following recent extreme weather events, one of the three Spanish Armada ships lost off the Sligo coast in Ireland in 1588 has again been revealed. The remains of La Juliana, the only Catalan ship of the three, is currently exposed. The State Underwater Archaeology Unit of the National Monuments Service (NMS) has been carrying out detailed recording, excavation and recovery of material throughout the summer to map the current site and protect vulnerable artefacts lying on the seabed. Several...
Landlord Villages Of Iran As An Example Of Political Economy In Historical Archaeology (2016)
The high, mud brick walls enclosing whole villages owned entirely by wealthy landlords are common sites across Iran. Now largely abandoned but with occupation still within living memory, these villages offer the opportunity to explore use of space and analyses of material remains in relation to status, economic function, and individual and group identity. Analyses the walled landlord villages of the Tehran Plain have been carried out in order to explore hierarchy and control, and how these...
Landscapes of desire: parks, colonialism and identity in Victorian and Edwardian Ireland (2013)
This paper will examine Ireland’s Victorian and Edwardian parks as a politicised nexus of encounter in which landscape design, architectural style and social practice combined to create class, gender and colonial identities. Public spaces form a crucial element of the urban landscape, providing a context for particular forms of political engagement and identity construction. In Ireland, such landscapes created regulated spaces of display and consumption in which the natural world and the urban...
Less of the Same? Poor households in post-medieval England. (2013)
This paper draws on archaeological and documentary evidence for the housing conditions of the poor in England between 1550 and 1850. Focusing on those in relative poverty and able to occupy their own homes, rather than those in abject poverty who were destitute and homeless, this paper raises the question of whether the poor lived out comparable cultural changes to the affluent. Or, did the poor occupy a distinct sub-culture in their material lives and use of space? To what extent was the...
Lighting the Ruhr: Industrial heritage and photography at night (2018)
This paper discusses a recent collaboration between Hilary Orange (lead on the 'Lighting the Ruhr' project, funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) and photographer / visual artist Trent Bates. During July 2017, we explored the links between industrial heritage and photography in the Ruhr region of Germany, meeting with photographers and members of photo clubs who photograph industrial sites at night and during the ‘blue hour’ - the time around twilight when there is still some light to...
Liquid Power: An archaeological excavation of an Antiguan rum distillery. (2016)
Rum was an important social and economic catalyst during the 17th-20th centuries, impacting all strata of society from the lowest slaves to the highest echelons of British society. During the 18th and 19th centuries rum developed from a waste product into highly desirable merchandise that was used as a social lubrication to ease tension while buying and selling slaves. This paper will discuss the archaeological excavations undertaken at the Betty’s Hope rum distillery in Antigua, one of the...
Living in an Old City: Practice and theory in urban heritage (2016)
Half of the world’s population now lives in cities. But the heritage of the city can be seen as redundant: a problem to be solved through the right planning mechanism. Urban heritage practice has barely changed for 25 years. It privileges buildings and public realm, tourism, economics. It presumes preservation of fabric. Familiar orthodoxies dominate: ‘urban grain’; ‘the right materials’. It’s western centric. Taste is policed: there is a homogeneity to ‘heritage’. But this has not been how we...
Living In Danger: The Spatial Practices In The Pre-industrial Pitch Mill Site In Early Modern Oulu, Finland (2017)
In the early 17th century the coastal towns in the present-day northern Finland’s Gulf of Bothnia, at that time a part of Swedish kingdom, became home to the pre-industrial mills manufacturing pitch by boiling tar. Producing pitch by fire was a dangerous process as tar was a highly flammable material, so the pitch mills were often founded on the islands or secluded places outside the inhabited urban area. This poster discusses the spatial practices of the pitch mill society and how the physical...
Living Museums of the Sea in the Dominican Republic: Bridging the Gap Between Cultural and Biological Resources (2013)
Living Museums of the Sea are public underwater parks that protect significant submerged cultural resources and the associated marine biodiversity by promoting sustainable tourism. The expanding National System in the Dominican Republic offers an alternative to destructive exploitation of the marine environment by providing the opportunity for community participation in preserving the region’s cultural and biological resources for future generations. Living Museums of the Sea provide public...
The looming question of housing the workforce: early workers' housing in the Derwent Valley (2017)
Often cited as the archetypical expression of industrial accommodation, textile workers’ housing has provided a lens through which the social effects of industrialisation have been examined. Such houses have often been interpreted as either exploitative hovels or wholesome patronly investments. Within this polarizing discourse, the lived experiences of occupants frequently remains divorced from analysis of form and function. Using a buildings-led approach, this paper investigates workers’...
The lost cargos of Torre Santa Sabina and east-west routes in the ancient Mediterranean (2013)
Torre Santa Sabina is a bay along the Apulian coast of Italy, near Brindisi (Roman Brundisium). 11,000 archaeological items, dating from the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity and the medieval period, have been recovered from the sea bottom since the first underwater investigations in the 1970s. Stratigraphical excavations have been carried out since 2007 by the University of Salento, with the aim of understanding the sequence of layers traditionally related to the so-called "harbor dump". These...
Lunar House: The Archaeology of Contemporary Immigration. (2013)
The migration of people is no new phenomenon. It is, however, relatively recent that state and bureaucratic obstacles and controls have developed restrictions on the flow of migrants. State authorised immigration from former colonies and European Union member states is well documented. However, ‘illegal’ immigration, primarily that of those entering the country seeking asylum under the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention, and the role and position of those immigrants in society, remains...
The Maddalena Archipelago Maritime Target Survey: a Collaborative Effort Towards the Enhancement of Maritime Cultural Heritage (2013)
Between the 1950s and 1960s, the Maddalena Archipelago (NE Sardinia, Italy) located within the maritime routes of the Strait of Bonifacio was been an important laboratory for testing underwater archaeological methodologies. Subsequently, the area had never been systematically investigated. Our survey project has attempted to verify the information derived from archival research and local community reports through the employment of target dives. In this context the value of the research,...
Magical thinking, relational thinking, and the archaeology of the modern world (2013)
Relational and other alternative ontologies and epistemologies have recently been discussed in archaeology, but those discussions have had only a limited impact on historical archaeology. This paper discusses the relationship between relational being/knowing and magical thinking in the modern Western world. It will be proposed that various forms of magical thinking, from Renaissance hermeticism to contemporary popular beliefs, can provide useful insights into the significance of relational being...
Mahogany and Sugar for Tobacco, Booze, and Salt-Pork: Consumerism and Consumption at 19th-Century Lamanai, Belize (2017)
This presentation outlines archaeological research focused on the nineteenth-century, British sugar plantation settlement at Lamanai, northwestern Belize. Little is known about the eighteenth- and nineteenth- centuries at Lamanai, and this ongoing project aims to answer questions regarding how life (residential, industrial, and administrative) was structured. Archaeological data presented here includes the results of recent archaeological excavations (2014) and a study of previously excavated...
The Management of Neglect (2013)
The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discusion with in the maritime archaeological field. The discussion is focused on the situation with ih england (uk). Over the last 25 years we have moved away from an era of discovery and learing through sensible investigation of sites to a position where we largly do nothing. By using my personal experience as (licencee and direction of operations) over the last 25 years while working on the Stirling Castle, (a 3rd rate man of war) that adopting a...
Managing change on UK wreck sites through community-based recording: The London recording project (2013)
"This morning is brought to me to the office the sad news of the London, in which Sir J Lawsons men were all bringing her from Chatham to the Hope…but a little a-this-side the buoy of the Nower, she suddenly blew up." So wrote the great diarist and naval administrator Samuel Pepys about the tragic loss of Charles II’s warship London. The wreck site in the fiercely tidal Thames Estuary is now one of the most vulnerable and yet important in the United Kingdom, yielding evidence as diverse as the...
Managing England’s Protected Wreck Sites (2013)
In the ten years since English Heritage assumed some responsibilities for the historic environment of England’s seabed, many advances have been made in the physical management of submerged heritage. It is an exciting time forEngland’s Protected Wreck site with many new initiatives. A recent development has been the implementation of the Heritage Crime Initiative in the marine environment which is enabling better protection of the sites. The work of Licensees has long been recognised as...
Managing submerged prehistory; New Approaches in the Southern North Sea. (2013)
In 2007/2008 75 Palaeolithic flint implements, including 28 hand axes were discovered on the oversize pile of a Dutch aggregates wharf. Dredged from an English Marine Aggregate Licence Area, the material and the site of their discovery have since been subject to intensive investigations. Much of this work was provided for via the Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund, but this funding source ended in March 2011 and a way forwards for the site had to be found. Since that time, English...
Manifestations of institutional reform and resistance to reform in Ulster workhouses, Ireland, 1838-1855. (2013)
The new poor laws of the nineteenth century were a system based on the ideologies associated with Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham and Thomas Malthus; ideologies prevalent during the period of Improvement. The new poor laws introduced in to England and Ireland during the middle of the nineteenth century were dominated by the Malthusian theory of population and were administered as a means of discipline rather than a means of relief. To enable the improvement of society, to restore ‘the proper social...
Mariners’ gravestones in the Irish Sea region: memory and identity (2016)
Mariners could have their graves marked by inscribed memorials in the Irish Sea region from the late 18thcentury onwards, acting as both grave markers and foci for memory and commemorative practices. Some died on land, and so are interred in the grave, or at sea and their bodies have been lost, creating different issues regarding grieving and commemoration. Archaeology can examine how far this is materially represented in their memorials. Recent research in North America and England by David...