West Virginia (State / Territory) (Geographic Keyword)
1,776-1,800 (9,218 Records)
Blockade-running is neither considered an honorable enterprise nor a villainous practice, it is simply a means of trade during times of war and its occurrence during the American Civil War was no different. As the war divided our country, blockade-runners kept the borders busy with commerce. The North and South, though separated by political agendas, continued to need each other for economic survival and foreign powers were more than willing to assist in these proceedings. Blockade-running...
Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields Technical Volume II: Battle Summaries (1993)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Claiming a House of Bondage: Examining Spatial Relationships of Domestic Slavery at Montpelier (2015)
The arrangement of domestic slavery in elite 18th and 19th century homes was built on an unsteady relationship between the enslaved laborers and the owner of the households. At Montpelier, this was amplified by a plantation landscape crafted as an entertainment space, and who's creation and maintenance relied entirely on the obedience and cooperation of enslaved laborers. These laborers lived and worked in and around the Mansion, and were integral to the performance of domesticity that James and...
Clandestine, Ephemeral, Anonymous? Myths and Actualities of the Intimate Economy of a 19th-Century Boston Brothel (2017)
Although prostitution was illegal in 19th-century Boston, it was not carried out in secret, nor did it produce so ephemeral a trace as to render it invisible in the historical and archaeological record. Study of material remains from the 27/29 Endicott Street brothel demonstrates the multi-layered realities of brothel life as the residents of the brothel developed strategies for coping with being purchased for ostensibly intimate acts that were in fact commercial transactions. These strategies...
Class and Status in the British Army at Fort Haldimand (1778–1784) (2015)
During the American Revolutionary War, the British outpost on Carleton Island was an integral connection between the cities of Montréal and Québec, and frontier military posts in the Great Lakes. Situated at the head of the St. Lawrence River, the diverse activity on Carleton Island included a military fortification, naval base, shipyard, merchant warehouses and civilian refugee settlements. In the eighteenth-century British Army, deep class and status differences existed between the officers...
A Class Apart. Shifting Attitudes about the Consumption of Fish (2018)
As a class of animals, fish have been an important food source since the dawn of time. In many parts of the world their economic and dietary importance has not wavered. However, in the New World, attitudes about the consumption of fish have varied considerably since the 17th century through the 21st century. Cultural influences have promoted fish and maligned fish at various times. Positive and negative attitudes reflect biases based on associations with religious groups and practices, ethnicity...
Class Matters: The Historical Archaeology of Class in the American Experience (2013)
Class is probably the most confused and contested concept wielded in the social sciences. Perceptions run a wide gamut: from class as the single most important aspect of the American experience, one that has seldom been seriously contemplated or explored; to ideas that class is a stale, outdated, or dead concept, irrelevant to a sustained understanding of the modern world or the past that gave rise to it. These contradictory ideas are evidence that class has been defined and utilized in...
Class, Ethnicity, and Ceramic Consumption in a Boston Tenement (2015)
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Boston’s North End became home to thousands of European immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Italy. The majority of these immigrant families lived in crowded tenement apartments and earned their wages from low-paying jobs such as manual laborers or store clerks. The Ebenezer Clough House, which was originally built as a single-family colonial home in the early eighteenth century, was repurposed as a tenement in the nineteenth century, becoming...
Clay Fingerprints: The Elemental Identification of Coarse Earthenwares from the Mid-Atlantic (2016)
Working with fragmentary collections, it is often difficult for archaeologists to assess potentially diagnostic vessel forms or surface treatments on utilitarian ceramics. It is therefore a challenge to identify the production origins for many of these wares. Surveying the products from 24 historic earthenware kiln sites in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, this paper considers the reliability of visual attributes such as paste color and inclusions for distinguishing the...
Clay processing (2013)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the EXARC Bibliography, originally compiled by Roeland Paardekooper, and updated. Most of these records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us using the...
Clay Resource Variability and Stallings Pottery Provenance along the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers (2018)
An understanding of the raw materials available to ancient potters is essential to archaeological considerations of vessel production and provenance. Consequently, the collection and analysis of raw clay samples has become a common component of such studies. This poster presents the results of compositional analyses of clays from along the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers in Georgia and South Carolina via petrographic point-counting and neutron activation analysis (NAA). These analyses were...
Clay Storage Pits: An Upland Site Characteristic
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Cleaning Submerged Artillery: Tools and Methods Used to Conserve Cannon from Blackbeard’s Flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge (1718) (2017)
The conservation cleaning of concreted marine-archaeological cannon is a complex and multidimensional problem. At present, archaeologists have uncovered 30 cannon amongst the shipwreck remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge (QAR). Currently, the QAR Conservation Laboratory holds 18 of these cannon in various stages of conservation. This places the QAR Lab in a unique position to develop practical treatment solutions for such a large collection of submerged artillery. Various...
Cleaning Up "A Blot On Civilization": Examining Archaeological Evidence Of The Medical And Scientific Regulation Of Midwifery During The Progressive Era (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Constructing Bodies and Persons: Health and Medicine in Historic Social Context" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Our dominant historical narrative teaches us that the Progressive Era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a period of sweeping reform that resulted in universal improvements to the well-being of people in the United States. Archaeological evidence has the potential to bring to light...
Cleaning Up Claiborne: Revising the Radiocarbon Dates of Six Decades of Research Using Chronometric Hygiene (2024)
This is an abstract from the "*SE Not Your Father’s Poverty Point: Rewriting Old Narratives through New Research" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Claiborne site, located in Hancock County, Mississippi, has been dated using many different techniques since discovery in 1967. In order to create a tighter chronology and firmly place it into the timeline of the Poverty Point culture, chronometric hygiene protocols were used to dismiss dates that are...
"The Clear Grit of the Old District": Fire Company-Related Artifacts from Fishtown, Philadelphia (2016)
Recent archaeological excavations conducted for PennDOT under Interstate 95 in the Fishtown section of Philadelphia have produced a number of artifacts related to the volunteer fire companies that once existed in the neighborhood. Between 1736 and 1857, over 150 volunteer companies came into existence across the city, and two of those were once situated within the current project area. With the creation of the paid Philadelphia Fire Department in 1871, the era of the volunteer companies passed...
Climate Change and Environment in Cahokia’s History (2024)
This is an abstract from the "*SE The State of Theory in Southeastern Archaeology" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists, particularly in the southeast, have often looked to the environment and climate change to understand the evolution of past societies. Droughts, floods, and environmental degradation have been implicated in the rise and fall of societies, especially Mississippian period societies like the city of Cahokia. Despite calls...
Climate Change and the Predicament of Archaeology in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Region (2017)
The U.S. Middle Atlantic region, known for its rich archaeological record and diverse topographic settings, is experiencing a range of climate change impacts: sea level rise and coastal erosion; increased precipitation and flooding in some areas; and mountain-based forest fires associated with drought in other areas. Documented paleostratigraphic and palynological studies throughout the region provide a record of late Pleistocene/Holocene environmental response to changing climate, confirming...
Climate Change, Population Migration, and Ritual Continuity in the Lower Mississippi Valley (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Migration and Climate Change: The Spread of Mississippian Culture" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Tree-ring reconstructions of cool- and warm-season moisture reveal several multi-decadal droughts that impacted the northern Lower Mississippi Valley between AD 1250 and 1450. These chronic droughts contributed to the regional abandonments and population migrations southward out of the Cairo Lowland and adjacent areas...
Climate-Induced Hurricane Risks and Heritage Preservation in Southwest Florida: A Case Study of Hurricane Ian's Impact on Pineland Archaeological Site Complex (2024)
This is an abstract from the "*SE Hope for the Future: A Message of Resiliency from Archaeological Sites in South Florida" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Climate change is intensifying hurricanes, posing increased disaster risks. These risks encompass various factors, from physical to attitudinal, magnifying their impact. Hurricane Ian's impact on Southwest Florida in September 2022 underlines these challenges, particularly for archaeological...
Close-Range Photogrammetry Applications in Outdoor Forensic Scene Documentation (2018)
The use of close-range photogrammetry (CRP) for 3D documentation is becoming a standard practice for archaeological site documentation. Less explored, however, is the utility of CRP to document forensic scenes, especially those involving skeletal remains. Since digital camera documentation is already a standard practice at forensic scenes, additional data captured for CRP can be included alongside standard site photography. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the utility of...
Closing the Gap: Using tDAR’s Data Integration Tool in Research (2016)
Archaeological projects generate data that is often underutilized in research and analysis beyond the life of the initial project. Discipline specific digital repositories and data publishing platforms can address problems related to the access and the utility of these databases and data sets, making it possible to synthesize data across projects and investigations. tDAR has a tool that can do this without a priori standardization, meaning researchers can easily bring together large data sets...
Closing the Loop: The Civil War Battle of Honey Springs, Creek Nation, 1863 (2016)
The Oklahoma Historical Society conducted metal detector survey of the Civil War Battle of Honey Springs, Creek Nation (Oklahoma) in the 1990s. A variety of papers between 1995 and 2002 reported on different aspects of this research, but I present a comprehensive archaeological treatment of the battle here for the first time. Results show the battle to have been a series of three engagements over several miles, with a distinctly different signature at each of the three conflict locations. This...
Clothing, if not called for within 30 days will be disposed of: The Material Culture of Death Forgotten at the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery (2018)
Historical Archaeology has recognized the impact the advent of mass production and distribution of goods had on the material culture of the 19th and early 20th century. This is true of the category of burial garments. The burial shroud is thought to have given way to grave clothes made by individuals and then replaced by a burial garment industry characterized by the patent of a burial garment in 1912 by G.C. Holcomb "to resemble tailor-made garments." A remarkable variety of clothing and...
Clusters of Beads: Testing for Time in an Eighteenth Century Well (2018)
This paper presents a continuation of the bead study presented at the 2015 SHA conference in which beads from a South Carolina frontier site dating from c.1680-1734 on the Drayton Hall property were tested against Jon Marcoux’s 2012 correspondence analysis of 35,000 glass trade beads from Native American mortuary contexts dated c.1607-1783. The 2012 study discerned four distinct clusters of time from the beads within mortuary contexts. The current paper examines an additional dataset of beads...