Ground Stone (Material Keyword)
Lithic artifact formed or finished by polishing the body or edges with an abrasive
7,526-7,550 (10,216 Records)
Sites 5DA3208 and 5DA3419 are located south of the town of Parker in Douglas County, Colorado. A 2017 excavation of Site 5DA3208 by ERO Resources revealed a multicomponent prehistoric open camp centered on a knoll overlooking Newlin Gulch (Marcus Espinosa, personal communication, November 21, 2018). Based upon identification of associated cultural materials, ERO suggests that Site 5DA3208 was most intensely occupied during the Late Archaic period. Additional evidence for Early Ceramic and Middle...
POLLEN AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF VESSEL WASHES, GEGHAROT, WESTERN ARMENIA (2007)
The site of Gegharot is located on the Tsaghkahovit Plain, a small, roughly triangular intermontane plateau measuring a maximum of 10-12 km wide and situated between the northern slope of Mt. Aragats, the southwestern slopes of the Pambak Range, and Mt. Kolgat in central western Armenia. This is the smallest and highest of three major plains that nestle at the base of Mt. Aragats. Specifically, this site lies immediately north of Mt. Vardablur, a 300 m high weathered massif that rises above...
POLLEN, CHARCOAL, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AT SITES LA 95443 (FB 4487), LA 94488 (FB 3526), LA 95444 (FB 4488), AND LA 96727 (FB 5868), FORT BLISS, NEW MEXICO (2007)
Four sites from the Ft. Bliss Project 560-007 yielded ground stone that was sampled for pollen and protein residue analysis directed towards recovering information concerning the use of these pieces of ground stone. In addition, one sample was submitted for charcoal identification. The sites are located on the basin floor between the Franklin, Organ, and San Andreas Mountains.
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, AND COPROLITE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE BLUFF GREAT HOUSE SITE, 42SA22674, SOUTHEAST UTAH (2004)
The Bluff Great House, site 42SA22674, is located along the San Juan River in southeast Utah. This site is a Chacoan Great House occupied during the Pueblo II (Chaco era) and Pueblo III (post-Chaco) periods. The Bluff Great House Site originally was excavated by the Universlty of Colorado's field school from 1996-1998, with on-going additional excavations. This site has several Chacoan settlement characteristics, including a multi-storied Great House surrounded by an earthen berm/trash...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS FROM SITES 42KA7714 AND 42KA7715, KANE COUNTY, UTAH (2015)
Sites 42KA7714 and 42KA7715, Kane County, Utah, were documented during monitoring of Highway 89 construction in the Kanab Canyon vicinity (MOAC 13-307 project). An isolated basin-shaped hearth (42KA7714) provided a radiocarbon date of AD 970-1025. This basin yielded charcoal, fire-altered rock, and bone fragments, but no other artifacts (Hanna Romes, personal communication June 23, 2015). Macrofloral and pollen analysis was requested for two samples from Feature A, site 42KA7714. Located...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR THE BEAVER CREEK PIPELINE PROJECT, CENTRAL WYOMING (1993)
This large report discussing and interpreting the pollen and macrofloral records for the Beaver Creek sites 48FR3244, 48ER3245, 48ER3243, 48ER3091, 48ER3092, and 48FR3242 is organized to provide information to many different readers. A review of ethnobotanic literature provides a summary of recorded historic uses for many of the plant types represented in this record. This review is meant to provide a guideline for potential uses of the various plants, not to imply that we can reconstruct the...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL FROM SITES 26CK192 AND 26CK194/1893, MOAPA VALLEY, NEVADA (2004)
Pollen and macrofloral samples were collected from two sites located approximately 50 miles north-northeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. Sites 26CK192 and 26CK194/1893 represent Anasazi occupations associated with a rockshelter and the head of a deep box canyon. Pollen and macrofloral samples were examined to identify subsistence activities at these sites, as well as to compare subsistence activities between the sites.
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, PROTEIN AND AMS RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS AND BOTANICAL REMAINS FROM THE SAND HOLLOW 2 PROJECT SITES: 42WS3544, 42WS3552, 42WS3554, 42WS3557, 42WS3559, 42WS4197, 42WS4198, 42WS4242, 42WS4247, 42WS4251, AND 42WS4682, WASHINGTON COUNTY, UTAH (2008)
Samples from sites 42WS3544, 42WS3552, 42WS3554, 42WS3557, 42WS3559, 42WS4197, 42WS4198, 42WS4242, 42WS4251, 42WS4682, and 42WS4247 in the Sand Hollow 2 Project area of Washington, County, southwest Utah, were examined for pollen, macrofloral, protein, and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollen, protein and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide subsistence information concerning plant resources utilized by the various occupants of these...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, PROTEIN RESIDUE, AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSES OF ARTIFACTS AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM SITES 42KA4478 AND 42KA6293, KANE COUNTY, UTAH (2008)
Sites 42Ka4478 and 42Ka6293 are prehistoric Virgin Anasazi occupations located north of Kanab, Utah, and east of Kanab Creek. Radiocarbon dates of 1570 ± 40 BP and 1670 ± 40 BP from 42Ka4478 reflect a Basketmaker occupation, while the presence of decorated ceramics and radiocarbon dates from corn cobs of 1340 ± 40 BP and 1170 ± 40 BP at 42Ka6293 indicate a Pueblo I association. Samples from features at sites 42Ka4478 and 42Ka6293 were examined for pollen and/or macrofloral remains to provide...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, PROTEIN RESIDUE, AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND ARTIFACTS FROM SITE CA-SDI-10690, CAMP PENDLETON, CALIFORNIA (2010)
Column samples from site CA-SDI-10690 at Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California, were submitted for macrofloral analysis. Protein residue, organic residue (FTIR) and pollen analyses were conducted on three stone tools, and pollen control samples were examined from the four corners of the site. This site represents a lithic and tool scatter associated with a Luiseño occupation. The goal of these analyses was to identify plant and animal remains useful in interpreting subsistence and...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, PROTEIN, AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 42EM53, EMERY COUNTY, UTAH (2011)
This Fremont residential site (42EM53) is situated on a ridge top west of Muddy Creek in Castle Valley, a broad valley with a highly varied topography. Samples from activity area fill, hearths, a pit structure, and a storage pit were examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. A fire-cracked rock from the fill of a hearth and a grinding stone from one of the activity areas were examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A side scraper from the activity...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM PERNIL ALTO, PERU (2011)
Pernil Alto is located on the Rio Grande in an arid coastal desert in Southern Peru. Water is supplied by rivers from the Andes. Ten pieces of groundstone that included mortars and a single stone bowl fragment were washed and the resulting particles were submitted to PaleoResearch Institute for analysis to determine what plants were ground using these tools.
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSES AT SITES 5SH1912, 5SH3386, 5SH3418, 5SH3439, 5SH3445, 5SH3484, AND 5SH3503, AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING AT SITE 5SH3418, IN THE GREAT SAND DUNES NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO (2009)
Samples from hearth, stone ring, or cultural lens features at sites 5SH1912, 5SH3386, 5SH3418, 5SH3439, 5SH3445, 5SH3484, and 5SH3503 were examined for pollen, starch, phytoliths, and/or macrofloral remains. In addition, a mano from 5SH3386 was washed to recover pollen, starches, and phytoliths, while AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained on charcoal from two hearths at 5SH3418. These sites are located in the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in southern Colorado. Pollen/starch,...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES CA-SDI-21271, CA-SDI-21282 AND CA-SDI-21517, CAMP PENDLETON, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2017)
The Camp Pendleton Basewide Water Infrastructure Improvements Project yielded flaked stone and ground stone tools for analysis to assess their use. Tools were collected from three sites (CA-SDI-21271, CA-SDI-21282, and CA-SDI-21517). Protein residue analysis addresses evidence of proteins from animals and a few plants, while pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis targeted use of plants (pollen) including grasses (phytoliths) and seeds and underground storage organs (starch).
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSES FOR RANCHO VERDE, SITE W-240, CALIFORNIA (1999)
Pollen, phytolith, and/or protein residue analysis were conducted on a variety of tools and associated soil controls from Rancho Verde, Site W-240, in southern California. Site W-240 exhibits both a Paleo-lndian (San Dieguito) assemblage and an Archaic assemblage. Current debate ranges over whether the groundstone belongs to the Archaic occupation or the Paleolndian occupation. Pollen, phytolith, and protein residue analyses were conducted at this site to assist in identifying the range of...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AT SITES 48YE697 AND 48YE701, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, WYOMING (1994)
A stratigraphic column from Site 48YE697 on the north shore of Yellowstone Lake was sampled for pollen and phytoliths. This column sequence is believed to represent the entire Holocene, with bottom samples possibly representing the Holocene-Pleistocene transition. A soil sample from beneath a butchered bison skull with a radiocarbon date of 800 + 60 BP also was sampled for pollen and phytoliths. Pollen and phytolith analyses of these column and soil samples are used to address questions...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR SITES AZ-P-54-24, AZ-P-54-177, AND AZ-P-54-179, APACHE COUNTY, ARIZONA (1993)
Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on samples from three sites within the Sanders rural community expansion area in Apache County, Arizona. Analysis was undertaken to answer research questions concerning cultural processes of site formation, to assist in determining regional development of Pueblo II and Pueblo III transition, to assist in identifying prehistoric cultural exchange, to identify evidence of past environment including vegetation and agricultural practices, and to...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE 4S RANCH PROJECT, CALIFORNIA (1999)
Artifacts from eight sites in the 4S Ranch Project in San Diego County, southern California were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, or protein residues. Column samples also were floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. The project area is located on the first range of hills rising above the Pacific Ocean and contains over 20 archaeological sites. Soil samples from these sites yielded uncalibrated conventional radiocarbon dates ranging from 7400 + 140 BP to 300 + 60 BP. The project area...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GROUNDSTONE AND IDENTIFICATION AND AMS RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF CHARCOAL FROM SITE 48AB18, WYOMING (2007)
Site 48AB18 represents a buried prehistoric occupation on the top and north side of north-trending Strouss Hill in southeast Wyoming. First identified in 1980, this site has a long history of archaeological investigation. The upper component was radiocarbon dated to 1555 ± 75 BP during a previous investigation, while the lower component is anchored by recovery of a McKean-type point suggesting occupation during the Middle Archaic. Three pieces of groundstone were washed to recover pollen,...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSES OF GROUND STONE ARTIFACTS FROM THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER PERGOLA SITE, FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2017)
The San Joaquin River Pergola Site, located in northern Fresno County, includes three artifact concentrations, a diffuse artifact scatter, and an area of displaced artifacts. The site is situated atop a stabilized, well-sorted sand dune that does not exhibit stratigraphy. Groundstone, comprising metates, mortars, nether or lapstones, handstones (manos and pestles), and hammerstones were recovered. Six pieces of groundstone were submitted for pollen and starch or phytolith and starch analysis to...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF A METATE FRAGMENT FROM THE DANIELSON RANCH SITE (CA-VEN-395), VENTURA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2015)
A metate from site CA-VEN-395, a multicomponent site exhibiting prehistoric and historic occupation in the Santa Monica Mountains, was submitted for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis to assess use of this grinding tool for grinding plant resources.
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM MONTE VERDE I, MONTE VERDE II, AND PAICAVI, CHILE (2014)
Five samples that included three pieces of groundstone, recovered from the buried surface of Stratum MV-7 in Area DW at Monte Verde II, dated to approximately 12,500 BP, were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starch. Sediment also was collected from an ash/charcoal stain across the creek at Monte Verde I. It also was removed from Stratum MV-7, but was more deeply buried (1.3 m). A sample also was collected from a buried use surface in a ridged agricultural field at PaiCavi and was examined...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 41HE338, HENDERSON COUNTY, TEXAS (2016)
Site 41HE338, located northeast of Poynor in southeastern Henderson County, Texas, occupies an ecotone between the Pineywoods and Post Oak Savanna ecological regions of East/Northeast Texas. Situated on a generally level Pleistocene strath terrace above Caddo Creek at an elevation of approximately 137 m (450 ft) above mean sea level (amsl) and approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the Caddo Creek floodplain, this site has been occupied intermittently since the Paleoindian period. Radiocarbon dates...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES LA 108617, LA 172154, AND LA 172155, LEA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO (2019)
As designed for the Intercontinental Potash, Inc. (ICP) Ochoa Project, a proposed ICP plant facility will be built approximately 2 km east of the Double X Ranch and 35 km west of the town of Jal in Lea County, New Mexico. Samples from three prehistoric sites (LA 108617, LA 172154, and LA 172155), collected during cultural resource data recovery, were submitted for phytolith and starch analyses. In addition to phytolith and starch analyses, pollen analysis was performed on three of the seven...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF TWO GROUNDSTONE RESIDUE WASHES FROM SANTA SYLVIA, CHILE (2011)
Two groundstone tools from Santa Sylvia, Chile, were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and starch. The washes were conducted in Chile and the resulting residue was dried and sent to PaleoResearch Institute for analysis. The goal of the analysis was to identify pollen, plant opal phytoliths, and starch grains that may be derived from plant material processed with these tools.