Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Data: Material Accompaniments Raw Data and Multidimensional Scaling Scores

Creator(s): Todd L. Howell; Keith Kintigh; Brenda Shears; M Scott Thompson

Year: 2013

Summary

In the dissertation titled "Interactions with the Incorporeal in the Mississippian and Ancestral Puebloan Worlds," the author analyzed the Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Material Accompaniment data set in an examination of the performance of mortuary ritual at Protohistoric period Zuni villages. The analysis of mortuary accompaniments and the larger consideration of mortuary ritual were designed to understand the identities of the spirits of the dead in Mississippian period villages of the Georgia Coast and in Protohistoric era Zuni villages. Please see the dissertation for details about the analysis and analysis procedures: http://core.tdar.org/project/380979.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Material Accompaniment data set was analyzed to evaluate if the living placed rare, unique, and/or noticeably symbolically-charged objects in burial features or near to burial features in association with remains of the deceased. The data were used in a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, which helps to characterize the relative frequency of co-occurrence among mortuary artifacts (i.e., to characterize the relative commonality or rarity of artifacts and/or artifact sets). MDS is a multivariate statistical procedure that uses distance (i.e., similarity or dissimilarity) measures among all the cases (e.g., artifact types or mortuary assemblages) to place them in spatial relationships in a low dimensional graphical space. In this study, the procedure used calculated distance measures to place artifact types and mortuary assemblages in a space that represents the relative frequency of co-occurrence of artifacts in mortuary assemblages.

More specifically, this study conducted an MDS analysis of 1) the co-occurrence of artifact types in mortuary assemblages, and 2) the similarity and/or dissimilarity of complete mortuary assemblages (based on artifact type co-occurrence). The MDS analysis of artifact types placed artifact types that co-occured together frequently close to each other in a low dimensional space; it placed artifact types that do not occur together frequently far apart from each other in that space. The material accompaniment data were also used in a MDS of the complete mortuary assemblages. In this analysis, the MDS placed mortuary assemblages that contained many similar artifact types close to each other in a low dimensional space; it placed assemblages that contained different artifact types far apart from each other in that same space.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa material accompaniment analysis and MDS results are presented in the dissertation's Chapter 6 "Prehispanic Ancestral Spirits of Hawikku and Kechiba:wa." The graphical results of the MDS analyses are presented in Figures 6.12 and 6.13.

The Hawikku and Kechiba:wa inhumation mortuary material accompaniment data set that is curated here includes four data sheets: 1) the raw data used in the MDS analyses, 2) the artifact type binomial Z-score matrix that was passed into the artifact type MDS procedure, 3) the artifact type MDS scores and k-means cluster assignments, and 4) the mortuary assemblage MDS scores, k-means cluster assignments, and additional associated data. Please note that the data set does NOT include the mortuary assemblage binomial z-score matrix that was passed into the MDS procedure. The matrix was too large for inclusion.

The raw data record some mortuary feature variables and all mortuary artifact types in a presence/absence format. These data were first passed into the statistical package R and run through an R script that Matt Peeples wrote to calculate a binomial z-score matrix (Please see dissertation text for a description of binomial z-score calculation and characteristics). The matrix was then passed through the SPSS 20 MDS algorithm to create a graphical representation of the relative frequency of co-occurrence among artifact types. Please see the dissertation's Figure 6.12 for results. A similar procedure was followed to conduct the MDS analysis of complete mortuary assemblages. Please see the dissertation's Figure 6.13 for results.

The remaining data sheets include resulting metrics from the mortuary accompaniment MDS analyses. These metrics pertain to the production of the MDS graphical spaces and to the additional analysis/interpretation of that space. One data sheet contains each artifact type's MDS object score (i.e., each artifact type's coordinates for placement in the two-dimensional space). Second, it contains each artifact type's k-means cluster assignment within the coordinate space. Another data sheet contains each mortuary assemblage's (i.e., burial's) MDS object score and k-means cluster assignment. It also includes additional data that are useful for exploring that MDS space.

Cite this Record

Hawikku and Kechiba:wa Mortuary Data: Material Accompaniments Raw Data and Multidimensional Scaling Scores. Todd L. Howell, Keith Kintigh, Brenda Shears, M Scott Thompson. 2013 ( tDAR id: 392820) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8ZK5HM9

Restricted Access Some or all of this resource's attached file(s) are not publicly accessible.

Data Set Structure

Measurement Column
Count Column
Coded Column
Filename Column
Integration Column (has Ontology)

Table Information: artifact raw data

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
Secondary Burial BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Type of Interment none none true
Multiple Burial BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Other none none true
POSITION VARCHAR  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Burial Orientation VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Orientation/Alignment none none true
Burial Type VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Type of Interment none none true
Body Flexure VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Position/Flexure none none true
Age VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Age none none true
Feature Number VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Feature ID/Number none none true
Site VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Site none none true
Weaving Tool BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bow BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Arrow BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Squash BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Stone Flake (Debitage) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Artifact Diversity Measure The Artifact Diversity Measure is a simple measure of the number of different artifact types in each of the mortuary assemblages. It is a sum of the presence of the different artifact types presented in this data table.
BIGINT  Count Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Pinyon BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Gourd BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Cornmeal BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Corn BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bean(s) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bark BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Stones Over Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Facility none none true
Lining Under Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Facility none none true
Lining Over Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Facility none none true
Raw Clay BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bowl BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Mammal Bone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bird Bone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Antler BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Basketry BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Worked Sherd BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Utility Pot BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Miniature Vessel BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Ladle BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Jar BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Duck Effigy Pot BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Cup BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Clay Tinkler BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Floor Brush/Hair Brush BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Turquoise Other BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Turquoise Ear Ornament BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Turquoise Comb BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Stone Pendant BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Shell Necklace BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Shell Bracelet BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Ring BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
White Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Red Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Green Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Blue Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Black Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Mineral BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Turquoise Pendant BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Crystal BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Concretion BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Yellow Pigment BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Shaped Wood Object(s) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Prayer Stick BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Pipe BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Painted Wood Object(s) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Pouch BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Stone Other BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Hewe Stone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Hammerstone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Ground Stone Axe/Maul BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Abrader BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Stone Knife BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bone Pendant BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bezoar BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Painted Stone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Metate BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Mano BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Polishing Stone BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bone Needle BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bone Awl BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
War Club BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Projectile Point BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Projectile Point Necklace BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Bow Guard BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Burial Context VARCHAR  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Cemetery Designation (number) VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Horizontal Location none none true
Time (Keith Kintigh's Assignments) VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Date none none true
Time VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Date none none true
Sex VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Sex none none true
Mat Lining Under or Over Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Cradle BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Wood Lining Around Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Facility none none true
Shell Bead(s) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Other Necklace BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Plain Comb BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Medicine Items that were designated as "Medicine" were macrobotanicals (plant materials) that Zuni workers identified as medicinal herbs/plants.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Human Hair Indicates the presence/absence of human hair as a grave accompaniment (i.e., NOT the presence/absence of hair associated with skeletal remains). In most instances, the presence of hair represented a scalp, a woven hair braid/string, or other woven hair item.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Fossil Shell BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Flute BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Skull Only (Postcranial Elements Absent) BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Completeness none none true
Disturbance BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Preservation none none true
Skull Absent BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Completeness none none true
Fetish BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Feather BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Textile BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Burial Accompaniment none none true
Wrapping Around Remains BIGINT  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Preparation none none true

Table Information: MDS by Artifacts_object scores

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
MDS Dimension 2 DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
MDS Dimension 1 DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Artifact Type VARCHAR  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
K-means Cluster Assignment BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true

Table Information: MDS by Cases_object scores

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
Sex VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Sex none none true
Burial Type VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Burial : Body Position/Flexure none none true
K-means Cluster Assignment BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
MDS Dimension 2 DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Aritfact_Diversity BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Artifact_Diversity_Category VARCHAR  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Cemetery Designation (number) VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Horizontal Location none none true
Site VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Site none none true
Time VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Date none none true
Age VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Human Skeletal : Age none none true
Feature Number VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Feature ID/Number none none true
MDS Dimension 1 DOUBLE  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true

Keywords

Culture
Ancestral Puebloan • Zuni

Material
Basketry • Ceramic • Chipped Stone • Fauna • Ground Stone • Hide • Human Remains • Macrobotanical • Mineral • Pollen • Shell • Textile • Wood

Site Name
Hawikku • Kechipawan

Site Type
Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Town / City

Investigation Types
Collections Research • Data Recovery / Excavation

Geographic Keywords
Zuni

Temporal Keywords
Protohistoric Period

Temporal Coverage

Calendar Date: 1400 to 1600

Spatial Coverage

min long: -109.017; min lat: 34.968 ; max long: -108.691; max lat: 35.151 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): M Scott Thompson

File Information

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Hawikku-and-Kechibawa-Mortuary-Accompaniments.xlsx 460.73kb May 1, 2014 11:40:51 PM Confidential
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