North America (Geographic Keyword)
1,526-1,550 (3,610 Records)
The North End Plantation on Ossabaw Island, Georgia (9CH1062) has been almost continually occupied since the 1760s. Although a large number of enslaved Africans (later Gullah-Geechee) resided there, the remains of three tabby duplexes are the only substantial remains associated with them. This paper summarizes the results of two field seasons of landscape reconstruction that were aimed at identifying the locations of additional non-tabby cabins, historic plantation roadways, and adjacent yard...
Gun Carriage Components from the Queen Anne’s Revenge: A Preliminary Review (2018)
This research aims to tentatively identify gun carriage components from the Queen Anne’s Revenge (1718) (31CR314), based on clear context to cannon when in situ as well as definitive gun carriage hardware traits, in order to better understand the construction of the carriages present on the QAR. The identification of these potential naval gun carriage components includes cleaned hardware and concreted (observed via x-radiography) as well as possible identification of examples of rigging...
The Gunflints of St. Charles: A General Analysis of Their Characteristics (2018)
23SC2101 is a multi-component site with French Colonial through 20th-Century domestic occupations. A number of gunflints have been located throughout the site. The site is located in an urban area and many of the upper levels have suffered from severe disturbance. Based off the shape and color of these gunflints, this poster will suggest the weapon types the gunflints may have been used in and the geographic areas from which the flints were sourced. Analysis of the wear-patterning will also be...
Guns on the Plantation: Situating the Use of Firearms by Enslaved Persons at Kingsley Plantation, Florida (2015)
Kingsley Plantation, in Duval County, Florida, is located on a tranquil island that has seen many dynamic eras in its past. Fort George Island’s largest slave owner was Zephaniah Kingsley, the slave trading Africaphile that owned the plantation in the early nineteenth century. Recent excavations of the slave quarters at Kingsley Plantation have revealed the presence of firearms of various types in every domestic context investigated. These weapons were of the most up-to-date technology...
Haida Perspectives On Authenticity And Ethnicity In Mid-Nineteenth Century Argillite Carving (2018)
Argillite carving is an art tradition exclusive to the Haida, an Indigenous people and First Nation whose homeland is the archipelago of Haida Gwaii, off the Northwest Coast of North America. Since 1800, Haida artists have quarried and carved argillite, a black, carbonaceous shale, and sold these works to non-Haidas. Reconceptualized through the centuries as souvenirs, curiosities, scientific specimens and art, this paper considers argillite’s history and meanings from the perspective of the...
Hallowed Ground, Sacred Space: The African-American Cemetery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon and the Plantation Landscapes of the Enslaved. (2015)
The cemeteries used by slaves on many plantations in the 18th and 19th centuries were places where communities could practice forms of resistance and develop distinct African-American traditions. These spaces often went unrecorded by elites, whose constructed landscapes were designed to convey messages of their own status and authority. Therefore, few records exist that document the usage of slave burial grounds. Furthermore, poor preservation and modern development have obliterated many...
A Hands-on Past: 3D Replication as a Form of Archaeological Engagement (2018)
Let’s face it: 3D printing is cool. It is also, thanks to a push from many different sectors, much more affordable, flexible, and accessible through college campuses and even city libraries. This presentation will focus on a recent project at the University of Denver where anthropologists teamed with the engineering and computer science school to take advantage of our different suites of knowledge. Together we crafted curriculum for students from many different academic backgrounds to employ...
"Hanging in shreds": HMS Investigator’s Copper Hull Sheathing (2013)
The wreck of HMS Investigator presents a remarkably well-preserved example of copper-sheathing applied to a Royal Navy ship. It is particularly interesting given that most Royal Navy ships engaged in the search for a Northwest Passage, and without exception those entering the Arctic via Hudson Strait and Davis Strait, were fitted with bottom felt and doubled planking but were unsheathed. The planned voyage of the Investigator and HMS Enterprise into the Arctic via tropical waters and the Bering...
Hanna’s Town: The Site, Its History, and Its Archaeology (2016)
Hanna’s Town, the first English court west of the Allegheny Mountains, was an important political and economic center in western Pennsylvania from 1769 until it was burned by a party of Seneca and English in 1782. After its destruction, the site was farmed for 150 years before it was acquired by Westmoreland County and placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Over the past four decades a variety of professional, academic, and amateur archaeologists have excavated the site, generating...
Happy Trails: The Archaeology of Backcountry Cowpens in Colonial South Carolina (2017)
Cattle raising was prevalent and lucrative in 1700s South Carolina. Site investigations conducted at the Thomas Howell and Catherine Brown cowpens revealed the material characteristics of mid-century cattle raisers in the South Carolina interior frontier or backcountry. The study households were of Welsh ancestry and enslaved Africans also lived at the two cowpens. Although financially prosperous, archaeology illustrates the Brown and Howell families experienced frontier living conditions...
Hard to Shop For: Surveying for a Birthday Present for the Nation’s Oldest Port (2017)
During the 2015 field season the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) completed a program of target testing and remote sensing in the waters off St. Augustine, Florida, with the objective of locating early colonial shipwrecks. The project included a series of remote sensing resurveys to re-investigate and better understand several magnetic targets initially identified during two previous surveys carried out in 1995 and 2009. The 2015 survey was carried out in conjunction with St....
Hard-Scrabble Living - Cattle, Horse, and Goats; Ranching on the Chihuahua Desert, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico (2013)
Prior to the United States Army taking over the 2.5 million acres that is White Sands Missile Range, this area was the home to ranches. Not the type that would be expected in the land of Billy the Kid, but rather hard-scrabbe cattle, horse and angora goat ranches. After the Apache Indians were moved onto reservations in the late 1800's the White Sands area of New Mexico became the home to Anglo and Hispanic American ranchers. All that remains are often barbed wire fence lines, tumbling down...
Hardly "Junk" in the Trunk: Exploring Participant Feedback from Archaeology Education Tool Testing (2015)
Though preservation and cultural resource management laws were written with the public in mind, effectively engaging the public is a constant challenge. In the face of demands for measurable results in education programs and the classroom, both archaeologists and educators are turning focus towards assessment. Archaeology teaching kits for elementary classrooms can be useful tools, facilitating an integration of archaeological material into schools. Deaccessioned archaeological materials from...
The Harlem African Burial Ground Project: Effective Collaboration Between an Archaeological Consulting Firm, a City Agency, and a Community Task Force (2018)
In the summer of 2015, the NYC Economic Development Corporation hired AKRF to conduct an archaeological survey inside a decommissioned bus depot in East Harlem, NY, the site of the c. 1665 to mid-19th century Harlem African Burial Ground. All surface signs of the burial ground were erased by more than 150 years of development and its history had been largely forgotten. However, passionate area residents, elected officials, and the leadership of the Harlem-based descendent church united to...
Harriet Tubman Home Archaeology: Expressions of Spirituality, Community and Individuality (2017)
Archaeological and historical research at the Harriet Tubman Home has generated an extensive body of new data that sheds light on the complex and idiosyncratic life of this American icon. This paper will examines expressions of Tubman’s spirituality which reflect both community based ideals and individualized expressions. Tubman was an African American woman of strong beliefs with ties to many churches and ideologies, and much of her life was dedicated to the common good. She was an activist...
Haunted Landscapes and Historical Archaeology (2015)
Sociologist Michael Mayerfield Bell argues that ghosts -- what he describes as "the sense of the presence of those that are not there" -- haunt all landscapes, operating to "connect us across time and space to the web of social life." Bell does not distinguish between what might be considered memory ghosts and supernatural ghosts; both, he says, lead to a better understanding of the social experience of place. Archaeologists often steer away from ghosts because we consider them "not real."...
Have Tools Will Travel: An Examination of Tools Found on the Storm Wreck, A Loyalist Evacuation Transport Wrecked on the St. Augustine Bar in 1782 (2016)
This paper examines the collection of tools recovered from the Storm Wreck, a late eighteenth-century Loyalist evacuation transport lost in December of 1782 at the end of the American Revolutionary War on the St. Augustine Bar, in present-day St. Johns County, Florida. A variety of hand tools, many with their wooden handles preserved intact, have been recovered and are currently undergoing conservation treatment. While many of these tools were likely intended for general use in the home or...
Hawaiian Mormons in the Utah Desert: The Negotiation of Identity at Iosepa (2018)
From 1889 to 1917 Pacific Islander (mostly Hawaiian) converts to Mormonism lived, worked, and worshipped at Iosepa – a remote desert settlement in Utah’s Skull Valley. An examination of the settlement’s design and layout, together with an analysis of petroglyphs at the site, reveal ways this religious community actively negotiated traditional Hawaiian cultural practices and newly adopted Mormon beliefs in shaping and maintaining their unique religious identities – a process that continues among...
"He Himself Will Share in the Hardship, and Partake of Every Inconvenience": Finding George Washington at Valley Forge (2015)
Recent excavations at General Washington’s Headquarters at Valley Forge have provided a somewhat rare glimpse of the Continental Army’s Commander in Chief. The house occupied by the General during his six month stay at the Valley Forge encampment served as both Washington’s residence and fulfilled the role of headquarters of the entire rebel army during that period. Excavations at the site yielded a great deal of information about everyday life at headquarters, as well providing insight into how...
Headstone Material and Cultural Expression: An Archaeological Examination of North Carolina Grave Markers (2016)
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a shift from marble headstones to granite has been observed across the United States and in parts of Canada, as well. The goal of this study is to determine when this shift in headstone material occurred in North Carolina, and what factors contributed to this transition. Another objective is to determine how this shift impacted the expression of cultural meaning in North Carolina cemeteries. By examining how the shift from marble to granite caused...
Healing Waters: Recreating and Contextualizing the Turn of the Century Site of Regent Spring in Excelsior Springs, Missouri (2018)
Beginning in 2015, the University of Missouri – St. Louis Archaeological Field School has taken place at the site of Regent Spring, a mineral water spring in Excelsior Springs, Missouri. Previous surveys of this and surrounding coeval sites have been lacking. This is partially due to the frequent flooding of the nearby Fishing River, which has altered the topography over the past century. During the excavation of the Regent Spring site, students were able to rediscover features of this turn of...
Health and Hygiene in Lower Mid-City: An Example of Urbanization, Consumerism, and Americanization in Lower Mid-City during the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries (2018)
As part of the rebuilding process following Hurricane Katrina, twelve city squares in the Lower Mid-City National Register District were investigated archaeologically within the new VA New Orleans Medical Center project area. This study drew on extensive archaeological and archival data to present a holistic story of the working-class residents who helped shape New Orleans during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Archaeological data from each of the house lots revealed everyday practices...
Health In Early Twentieth-Century Fort Davis, Texas (2017)
Changing ideas about health can have important impacts regarding identity and the formation of a sense of place. Fort Davis, Texas, was increasingly advertised as a health destination during the early twentieth-century. Artifacts such as medicine bottles can give insight into social changes in health and medicine at a time when understandings of health and medicine were rapidly transforming. These changes intersect with important social movements which occurred at around this time, including...
Heart Of The Ship: The Amidships Investigation Of The Emanuel Point II Shipwreck (2015)
During the summer of 2014, students and staff from the University of West Florida continued the on-going excavation of a sixteenth-century shipwreck associated with the ill-fated Spanish colonization fleet of Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1559). Throughout the ten-week summer field school, along with a subsequent fall season, underwater archaeologists attempted to locate the mainmast step and bilge pump assembly of the Emanuel Point II Ship. This paper covers the theoretical model designed...
Heavy Metal: The Arrival of English Lead Glass in the Chesapeake (2013)
Almost immediately after the perfection of English lead glass in 1676, lead glass appeared on the tables of British colonists, including Chesapeake settlers. The durability and beauty of English lead glass made it a consumer amenity that became a regular sight in upper and middle-class homes and taverns throughout the 18th-century Atlantic World. This paper will compare evidence of lead glass found at pre-1700 and early 18th-century plantations between Maryland and the James River to assess...