North America (Geographic Keyword)
626-650 (3,602 Records)
Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Western North Carolina, the Asheville Basin did not see its first permanent Euro-American settlement until the 1780s. Over the following century, a relatively isolated mountain community transformed into the prosperous city of Asheville. This evolution was shaped by factors such as local climate and landscape in combination with diverse regional, national, and global influences such as increased industrialization, technological innovations, changing...
City of Today, City of the Past: Permanencies of the Acequias’ Cultural Landscape in the Urban Pattern of San Antonio, Texas (2017)
In the Southwest of United States, San Antonio, Texas is a urban center of high cultural significance characterized by a ‘historic urban landscape’, whose morphology was generated by Spanish colonial exploitation patterns, such as the 18th century agricultural irrigation system of ‘acequias’ developed along the San Antonio river. This study demonstrates how contemporary urban form can be interpreted as a palimpsest, with material memory embedded in the city, it develops mapping visualization...
A Civil War Battlefield: Conflict Archaeology at Natural Bridge, Florida (2016)
The Civil War Battle of Natural Bridge was fought within miles of Tallahassee, Florida, in March of 1865. Much of the site is now the Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park and a metal detector survey was conducted of previously unsurveyed portions of the state-owned land, supplementing work previously done. KOCOA analysis and the survey results provides a new landscape-based interpretation of the placement of the battle events, which will be utilized in future interpretation of this...
Civil War Combat Trenching: What It Was and How to Find It (2016)
The last year of the Civil War witnessed a dramatic change in military tactics from open-field fighting to trench warfare as the soldiers increasingly covered themselves with fortifications on the battlefield, leading to the entrenched gridlock at Petersburg. When under fire or if combat was imminent, the soldiers used an innovative process in which they fortified progressively, starting with basic shelters and gradually building them up into complex and impregnable earth-and-wood defenses. ...
Civil War On The Rio Grande: Examples Of Blockade-Runners From Vera Cruz To Galveston (2018)
Blockade-running is neither considered an honorable enterprise nor a villainous practice, it is simply a means of trade during times of war and its occurrence during the American Civil War was no different. As the war divided our country, blockade-runners kept the borders busy with commerce. The North and South, though separated by political agendas, continued to need each other for economic survival and foreign powers were more than willing to assist in these proceedings. Blockade-running...
Claiming a House of Bondage: Examining Spatial Relationships of Domestic Slavery at Montpelier (2015)
The arrangement of domestic slavery in elite 18th and 19th century homes was built on an unsteady relationship between the enslaved laborers and the owner of the households. At Montpelier, this was amplified by a plantation landscape crafted as an entertainment space, and who's creation and maintenance relied entirely on the obedience and cooperation of enslaved laborers. These laborers lived and worked in and around the Mansion, and were integral to the performance of domesticity that James and...
Clandestine, Ephemeral, Anonymous? Myths and Actualities of the Intimate Economy of a 19th-Century Boston Brothel (2017)
Although prostitution was illegal in 19th-century Boston, it was not carried out in secret, nor did it produce so ephemeral a trace as to render it invisible in the historical and archaeological record. Study of material remains from the 27/29 Endicott Street brothel demonstrates the multi-layered realities of brothel life as the residents of the brothel developed strategies for coping with being purchased for ostensibly intimate acts that were in fact commercial transactions. These strategies...
Clans and Moieties in North America (1971)
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Class and Status in the British Army at Fort Haldimand (1778–1784) (2015)
During the American Revolutionary War, the British outpost on Carleton Island was an integral connection between the cities of Montréal and Québec, and frontier military posts in the Great Lakes. Situated at the head of the St. Lawrence River, the diverse activity on Carleton Island included a military fortification, naval base, shipyard, merchant warehouses and civilian refugee settlements. In the eighteenth-century British Army, deep class and status differences existed between the officers...
A Class Apart. Shifting Attitudes about the Consumption of Fish (2018)
As a class of animals, fish have been an important food source since the dawn of time. In many parts of the world their economic and dietary importance has not wavered. However, in the New World, attitudes about the consumption of fish have varied considerably since the 17th century through the 21st century. Cultural influences have promoted fish and maligned fish at various times. Positive and negative attitudes reflect biases based on associations with religious groups and practices, ethnicity...
Class Matters: The Historical Archaeology of Class in the American Experience (2013)
Class is probably the most confused and contested concept wielded in the social sciences. Perceptions run a wide gamut: from class as the single most important aspect of the American experience, one that has seldom been seriously contemplated or explored; to ideas that class is a stale, outdated, or dead concept, irrelevant to a sustained understanding of the modern world or the past that gave rise to it. These contradictory ideas are evidence that class has been defined and utilized in...
Class, Ethnicity, and Ceramic Consumption in a Boston Tenement (2015)
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Boston’s North End became home to thousands of European immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Italy. The majority of these immigrant families lived in crowded tenement apartments and earned their wages from low-paying jobs such as manual laborers or store clerks. The Ebenezer Clough House, which was originally built as a single-family colonial home in the early eighteenth century, was repurposed as a tenement in the nineteenth century, becoming...
Classroom to Camp: Implementation and Assessment of Archaeology K12 Curriculum at a Girl Scouts Camp in Southeastern Utah (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeology Education: Building a Research Base" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Project Archaeology is a heritage education organization dedicated to teaching scientific and historical inquiry, cultural understanding, and the importance of protecting our nation’s rich cultural resources. It is a diverse network of educators that make archaeology education accessible to students and teachers nationwide through...
Clay Fingerprints: The Elemental Identification of Coarse Earthenwares from the Mid-Atlantic (2016)
Working with fragmentary collections, it is often difficult for archaeologists to assess potentially diagnostic vessel forms or surface treatments on utilitarian ceramics. It is therefore a challenge to identify the production origins for many of these wares. Surveying the products from 24 historic earthenware kiln sites in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, this paper considers the reliability of visual attributes such as paste color and inclusions for distinguishing the...
Cleaning Submerged Artillery: Tools and Methods Used to Conserve Cannon from Blackbeard’s Flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge (1718) (2017)
The conservation cleaning of concreted marine-archaeological cannon is a complex and multidimensional problem. At present, archaeologists have uncovered 30 cannon amongst the shipwreck remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge (QAR). Currently, the QAR Conservation Laboratory holds 18 of these cannon in various stages of conservation. This places the QAR Lab in a unique position to develop practical treatment solutions for such a large collection of submerged artillery. Various...
"The Clear Grit of the Old District": Fire Company-Related Artifacts from Fishtown, Philadelphia (2016)
Recent archaeological excavations conducted for PennDOT under Interstate 95 in the Fishtown section of Philadelphia have produced a number of artifacts related to the volunteer fire companies that once existed in the neighborhood. Between 1736 and 1857, over 150 volunteer companies came into existence across the city, and two of those were once situated within the current project area. With the creation of the paid Philadelphia Fire Department in 1871, the era of the volunteer companies passed...
Climate Change, Economies of Scale, and Population Growth in Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Societies: A Case Study from Southwestern Wyoming (2018)
Increasing energy consumption returns, or economies of scale, have been illustrated similarly for modern urban societies and ancient complex societies. However, the relationship between underlying scaling relationships and the development and decline of population and social complexity over the long-term are yet to be investigated. This poster addresses their role in hunter-gatherer societies. Using formal mathematical models from macroeconomics, we examine the long-term variability of economies...
Close to Home: Public and Institutional Archaeology in the University Setting (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. During the fall of 2021, a group of 13 students, a graduate teaching assistant, and two professors continued the years-long excavations and credit-offered course of the Harvard Yard Archaeology Project, which takes place amongst one of the busiest tourist attractions and academic centers of Boston. A primary goal of the 2021 field season was to further...
Closing the Gap: Using tDAR’s Data Integration Tool in Research (2016)
Archaeological projects generate data that is often underutilized in research and analysis beyond the life of the initial project. Discipline specific digital repositories and data publishing platforms can address problems related to the access and the utility of these databases and data sets, making it possible to synthesize data across projects and investigations. tDAR has a tool that can do this without a priori standardization, meaning researchers can easily bring together large data sets...
Closing the Loop: The Civil War Battle of Honey Springs, Creek Nation, 1863 (2016)
The Oklahoma Historical Society conducted metal detector survey of the Civil War Battle of Honey Springs, Creek Nation (Oklahoma) in the 1990s. A variety of papers between 1995 and 2002 reported on different aspects of this research, but I present a comprehensive archaeological treatment of the battle here for the first time. Results show the battle to have been a series of three engagements over several miles, with a distinctly different signature at each of the three conflict locations. This...
Clothing, if not called for within 30 days will be disposed of: The Material Culture of Death Forgotten at the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery (2018)
Historical Archaeology has recognized the impact the advent of mass production and distribution of goods had on the material culture of the 19th and early 20th century. This is true of the category of burial garments. The burial shroud is thought to have given way to grave clothes made by individuals and then replaced by a burial garment industry characterized by the patent of a burial garment in 1912 by G.C. Holcomb "to resemble tailor-made garments." A remarkable variety of clothing and...
Clotilda: An Update on the Archaeological Investigations of the Last Known American Slave Ship (2023)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Maritime Archeology of the Slave Trade: Past and Present Work, and Future Prospects", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In July 1860, the schooner Clotilda arrived off the coast of Mobile, Alabama with a human cargo of captives transported from the Kingdom of Dahomey. Transferred under cover of night to a steamboat on the Mobile River, they were sold into slavery in what is the last known American slave trading...
Clovis Points Were Likely Knives: An Evaluation of the Evidence (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Clovis projectile point attached to the end of a spear or dart is an iconic symbol of North America’s late Pleistocene hunter, but the point’s use is more assumed than demonstrated. We find evidence for the "point-as-projectile" inference equivocal, because that same evidence also supports "point-as-knife". We present new experimental data that demonstrate...
Clovis/Folsom Endscrapers and Gendered Hideworking: Ethnographic Analogy or Inference to the Best Argument? (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Cross-cultural data show a strong positive relationship between latitude and dependence on hunting for subsistence. Higher latitude foragers that were dependent on megafauna for subsistence were equally dependent on animal hides for clothing and shelter to survive through winter, and for the survival and reproduction of corporately organized, hearth-centered...
Clusters of Beads: Testing for Time in an Eighteenth Century Well (2018)
This paper presents a continuation of the bead study presented at the 2015 SHA conference in which beads from a South Carolina frontier site dating from c.1680-1734 on the Drayton Hall property were tested against Jon Marcoux’s 2012 correspondence analysis of 35,000 glass trade beads from Native American mortuary contexts dated c.1607-1783. The 2012 study discerned four distinct clusters of time from the beads within mortuary contexts. The current paper examines an additional dataset of beads...