United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
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At the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University, recent projects have all implemented some form of 3D modeling of artifacts as part of the documentation process for either before treatment, after treatment, or both. The logistics of the implementation of 3D modeling as a standard documentation technique for every artifact in a collection can be daunting, especially when dealing with untreated waterlogged artifacts that must remain wet before conservation. This paper discusses...
The 3D Digitization of the World Trade Center Wreck (2017)
Accurate documentation of cultural heritage materials is the lynchpin for all aspects of archaeological investigation. When it comes to the reconstruction and interpretation of shipwrecks, this is especially true. The more accurate and true to life the documentation is, the more accurate the interpretation and reconstruction of a ship will be. The methods by which ships have been documented have evolved rapidly over the years, though each new and innovative method is tied to foundational...
3D in the Toolbox: An Operational Comparison of Acoustic, Photogrammetric, and Laser Scanning Methodologies Tested at Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary in 2016. (2017)
The clear, fresh waters of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary offer an ideal testing ground for acoustic and light-based imaging systems. During the 2016 field season, Thunder Bay researchers conducted several field operations to acquire, process, and compare side scan sonar, multibeam sonar, laser-scanner, and photogrammetric data at numerous archaeological shipwreck sites. The resulting analysis provided valuable insights into this array of remote sensing systems in terms of their ability...
3D Learning at Kingsley Plantation and the St. Augustine Lighthouse: Incorporating 3D Technology Into FPAN Public Archaeology Outreach (2018)
An important aspect of public archaeology efforts is the need to utilize new, innovative methods to engage a changing public. The use of 3D modeling and printing technology currently offers a novel approach to improve extant methods of public interaction. This paper discusses FPAN’s efforts to incorporate 3D technology into public outreach, especially via inclusion into curricula already in use by the network. "Investigating a Tabby Slave Cabin" and "Investigating a Light Station," part of...
3D Printing an Archaeological Site Map: Photogrammetric Recording and Printing of the Pillar Dollar Wreck (2017)
During the 2016 East Carolina University field school at Biscayne National Park, photogrammetric data was collected to 3D print a sitemap using a ZCorp 3D printer. This printer is a resin-based printer that uses a 24-bit color pallet to print a full range of color. In addition to Photoscan, this process utilizes a free, open-source 3D rendering and animation software called Blender to perfect and render the model usable for 3D printing software. The sitemap was then 3D printed for use in the...
3D Printing for Maritime Cultural Heritage: A Design for All Approach (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Technology in Terrestrial and Underwater Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This research examines issues in accessibility to maritime cultural heritage. Using the Pillar Dollar Wreck, this research presents an approach to public outreach based on the concept of Design for All. Design for All advocates creating products that are accessible and functional for all users. As a part of this project, an exhibit...
3D Printing for Submerged Heritage: A Comparative Study in Structured Light and Photogrammetry (2017)
This paper seeks to compare the 3D modeling techniques of photogrammetry and structured light to create 3D models of propellers found on a variety of shipwrecks. Additionally, this project seeks to determine best practices for 3D printing in situ heritage on submerged archaeological sites, focusing particularly on structural elements. This project focuses on three main case studies: Montana at Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and two shipwreck sites near the Outer Banks of North...
The 7,000 Foot Wreck – An Archaeological Investigation of a Historic Shipwreck Discovered in the Gulf of Mexico (2013)
The 7,000 Foot Wreck is the remains of a historic sailing vessel lost in the Gulf of Mexico. The site lies at a depth of 7,450 feet (2,271 meters) and represents one of the deepest historic shipwrecks investigated in the GOM to date. The wreck was originally discovered during an oil and gas exploration deep tow survey in 1986. In September 2009 the first ROV investigation of the 7,000 Foot Wreck was conducted as part of the Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs, and Wrecks Study. Over a roughly 15½-hour...
97 Acres, Deep Cisterns and a Pit Filled with Over 2,000 Beer Bottles: Challenges in Urban Archaeology Through the Investigation of the NGA West Site (23SL2393) (2018)
The new National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) will be constructed on 97 acres within a former working-class neighborhood in North St. Louis. It was clear from the beginning, for various reasons, that a traditional cultural resource study was not feasible. This presentation will outline the methodological approaches that led to the identification and mitigation of the NGA West Site (23SL2393), the challenges encountered during the laboratory analysis, and ongoing research questions in...
Abalone Shell, Broken Pots, Hearths, Windbreaks and Archival Research: Clues to Identifying 19th Century California Abalone Colection and Processing Sites on the Channel Islands (2013)
The Chinese abalone and fisheries in California developed in the late 1850s, flourished, and then delcined in the early 1900s. The majority of California Chinese studies have focused on immigrant populations in established urban Chinatowns. Much less attention has been given to economic strategies and survival mechanisms associated with rural communities, specialized labor camps, or fishing camps. Many of these industries were first developed in the West by Chinese immigrants only to be taken...
Abolition and the Rise of the Aku: Creating Ethnicity through Colonial Policy on the Gambia River (2018)
The Gambian capital of Banjul was founded as part of British abolition efforts in West Africa. A planned urban center, its earliest residents included the Aku, or Liberated Africans resettled from Sierra Leone and captured slave vessels. The Aku identity formed over several decades in The Gambia largely through self-identification as the ‘other’ African and British subjects in the 19th century. In the early 20th century they were the Gambian elite and became the driving force behind the...
Above and Below Ground: Teaching Combined Methodologies for a Holistic Understanding of the Built Environment (2018)
During the summer of 2017, the University of Maryland’s Anthracite Heritage Program held a combined historic preservation and archaeological field school at Eckley Miners’ Village in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Complementing the University’s dual masters in applied anthropology and historic preservation, this field school emphasized the value of utilizing historic preservation and archaeology to inform one another. This field school has provided an invaluable opportunity for students to learn the...
Above-ground Archaeology Of Industrial And Post-Industrial Detroit (2016)
A survey of Detroit’s ruins reveals the spread of industrial decline among all kinds of sites, and the post-industrial transformation of urban landscapes. Maps show the spread of abandonment from factories to other businesses, transportation sites, and residential areas, including schools and police stations. Photos of abandoned buildings show the processes of decay and ruination, from vandalism to the weather. What can Detroit teach archaeologists about the interpretation of material evidence...
Acadian Adaptations in North and South America (2015)
The tragedy of the deportation of the Acadians from their homeland by the British in the 1750s was compounded by their exploitation by the French government at the conclusion of the Seven Years War. French imperial policy focused on settling and developing portions of tropical colonies such as French Guiana with Acadians and Europeans in order to minimize slave labor. Although more than 9,000 colonists perished upon their arrival in La Guyane, a few hundred Acadians survived in extended coastal...
An Account of Ancient Stone Anchors in the Northern Shoreline of the Persian Gulf (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Current Research in Maritime Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper is an introduction to the historical stone anchors in the Northern shoreline of the Persian Gulf. This area is under ongoing and rapid urban and industrial development, with limited systematic studies on the underwater and coastal cultural heritage. This paper presents a collection of stone anchors and stone weights, which has been...
Accuracy of Underwater Photogrammetric Methods: The Case Study of the Invincible Wreck Site (2017)
This report presents an accuracy analysis of the 2016 underwater photogrammetric survey of the HMS Invincible, an at-risk British wreck of historic import, which afforded the opportunity to compare the three-dimensional models generated by a variety of widely available cameras. In a two-phase project, photogrammetric data from the Invincible wreck site was compared against swath bathymetry, and the cameras used onsite were tested on reference objects under controlled pool conditions. The results...
Adapting to Colonial Reality with Long-term History: The Evolution of 17th Century Indigenous Households along the Rappahannock River, Virginia (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper summarizes all research findings pertaining to 2017-2018 Archaeological Excavations at Camden Farm, Virginia. The goal of the project was to seek out a previously unexcavated house site from within the property’s Post-Contact (1650-1720 A.D.) Rappahannock Indian village in order to analyze structural morphology and the suite of artifact assemblages relating to domestic...
An Adaptive Legacy: Repurposing Lighthouses from Navigational Aids to Heritage Tourism Destinations in North Carolina (2016)
The lighthouses of North Carolina were originally constructed to aid navigation through treacherous waterways, but the advancement of modern navigational equipment has diminished their necessity for that purpose. In 2000, the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act was enacted to see to the transference of federally owned historic light stations to qualified new stewards. Today, the National Parks Service, private organizations, and community associations manage the lighthouses on the...
Adding and Subtracting: Manipulating Ceramic Manufacture to Signal Cultural Identity Among Indigenous Populations of the San Antonio Missions (2017)
The analysis of ceramic assemblages was a corner stone of Dr. Gilmore's approach to Spanish Colonial Studies. Following this tradition, the presentation uses the results of pertrographic analyses of native-made ceramics assemblages from several of the South Texas and coastal plains missions to track the manipulation of manufacture techniques among ethinically distinct indigenous groups. The combination of microscopic ceramic fabric characteristics with macroscopic decorative approaches suggest...
Adding Lasers to the Archaeological Toolkit: The Costs and Benefits of Terrestrial LiDAR in Digital Archaeology (2015)
In recent years, companies such as FARO and CyArk have begun incorporating 3D laser scanners into field-ready packages. Archaeologists have successfully employed these new 3D laser-scanning techniques to record sites such as Mount Rushmore and Merv in modern-day Turkmenistan. Despite the potential benefits of using this technology, which produces quickly scanned, high-resolution images of topography and features, several limitations have slowed it from entering the archaeologist’s standard...
Additional Slave Settlements at Cannon’s Point Plantation (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeologies of Enslavement" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Thanks to a recent clear cutting approach to eliminating stands of pine-beetle-infested trees at Cannon’s Point Plantation, St. Simons Island, Georgia, an additional slave cabin settlement has been identified. A systematic survey was carried out at the site by the University of Tennessee during the summer of 2018, resulting in the recovery of domestic...
Admiring the Hush Arbor: Confronting Slavery in the American South (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Public and Our Communities: How to Present Engaging Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In March 2017, the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN) North Central regional office created a new public program called "Admiring the Hush Arbor." A hush arbor was a meeting place, usually secret, that took place outdoors where enslaved African-Americans practiced religious traditions and served as a framework...
aDNA in Historical Archaeology As A Tool For The Mitigation Of Climate Change Hazards (2016)
The study of aDNA has become a highly productive avenue of study in Archaeolgoy, though perhaps less so in Historical Archaeology. This paper discusses a project in which aDNA from historic sites is being used to address many important issues typically approached by Historical Archaeology. Yet this project goes further in two specific ways. First this project intends to map and when possible isolate genetic variation that has been lost in modern day domesitc animals but that can still be found...
Advances In Laboratory and Field Use Of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) and LASAR ABLATION-ICPMS (LA-ICP-MS) Technologies In Field Archaeological And Combined Survey Format (CSF) Surveys (2018)
Major advances in the Laboratory and Field Use of Portable X-Rarchaeologyay Fluorescence (pXRF) and the newly developed LASAR ABLATION ICP-MS (ICP-MS) in archaeology are enabling investigators to gain new insights into the elemental and chemical content of laboratory and field samples of artifact, soil and plant materials. Many of these advances have come directly from laboratory studies and field geochemical investigations initiatiated by mineral industry and governmental organizations and...
Advances in Technology, Transportation, and Tourism: Archaeological Manifestations of the Late 19th-Century Emergence of Nathan Harrison as a Destination (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "On the Centennial of his Passing: San Diego County Pioneer Nathan "Nate" Harrison and the Historical Archaeology of Legend" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Advances in transportation during Nathan Harrison’s lifetime significantly impacted his activities and strategies on Palomar Mountain. The second industrial revolution, the arrival of the railroad in San Diego, and the county’s expansion of the road that...