Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data: Lithic Artifacts from All Contexts

Part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study: Pinto Creek Complex, Schoolhouse Mesa Sites (DRAFT) project

Creator(s): Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University

Year: 1997

Summary

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa archaeological sites are part of an extensive settlement system on the southern banks of the Salt River. The Arizona State University, Office of Cultural Resource Management, Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) divided the Schoolhouse Point Mesa settlement complex into two groups: the Schoolhouse Management Group and the Livingston Management Group. The Schoolhouse Management Group includes those sites on the west side of Pinto Creek Wash, while the Livingston Management Group includes sites on the east side of the wash. Schoolhouse Point Mound (AZ U:8:24(ASM), AR-03-12-06-13a(USFS)) is the largest site in the Schoolhouse Management Group and on the mesa. The mound is treated in a separate report volume and its data are reported separately (Please see https://core.tdar.org/project/394037). The Schoolhouse Point Mesa report volumes and data document the remaining 23 archaeological sites in the Schoolhouse Management Group. Nineteen of the sites are located on the mesa, while four are west of the mesa on the terraces overlooking the Salt River.

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data table Lithics from All Contexts presents a summary of the lithic artifacts recovered from all investigated contexts (both screened and unscreened) at Schoolhouse Point Mesa sites (except Schoolhouse Point Mound, which is reported separately). The table lists archaeological sites designated by Arizona State Museum (ASM) site numbers (without the "AZ" common to all ASM numbers) (e.g., U:8:205 = ASM site number AZ U:8:205). It then lists designated archaeological contexts - strata - at each site. The strata represent major natural or cultural depositional events such as erosional fill, roof fall, floor contexts, and sterile substrate. Strata are depicted as horizontal rows of interconnected boxes on a Harris Matrix. In this table, the archaeological contexts - strata - are identified by a combination of numbering systems: the ASM site number, a colon, the feature number, and the stratum letter designation (EX: U:3:198:006A, U:3:198:006B). Within a feature, each stratum is designated by the feature number (e.g., 10, 11, 12, etc.) and a letter that designates a particular stratum (e.g., A, B, C). The letters are assigned in descending order. Mixed levels and artifacts collected out of context are designated by a "?". Artifacts from each feature (or mixed context) are tallied according to strata. Please see column metadata for further detail. Please also see the Schoolhouse Point Mesa strata data tables for further data about each stratum, including the assigned stratum type, at the following tDAR urls:

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394455

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394457

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394458

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394376

The table then provides the frequency (count) of different lithic artifact types for each stratum. Note that the table table provides a count of individual artifacts, and not individual pieces of lithic material.

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data tables were originally published in the Roosevelt Platform Mound Monograph Series No. 8 titled "The Archaeology of Schoolhouse Point Mesa, Roosevelt Platform Mound Study: Report on the Schoolhouse Point Mesa Sites, Schoolhouse Management Group, Pinto Creek Complex." The tables were published in an appendix at the end of the volume. Please see the report volume at the following tDAR URL: https://core.tdar.org/document/394293

Cite this Record

Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data: Lithic Artifacts from All Contexts. Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University. Tempe, Arizona: Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University. 1997 ( tDAR id: 394471) ; doi:10.6067/XCV85M67RN

This Resource is Part of the Following Collections

Data Set Structure

Measurement Column
Count Column
Coded Column
Filename Column
Integration Column (has Ontology)

Table Information: shmesa_all_lithics

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
TOTAL The total number of lithic artifacts (across all lithic artifact types) in a given stratum.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Scraper Frequency of lithic artifact type Scraper in a given stratum. Scrapers received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Spokeshave Frequency of lithic artifact type Spokeshave in a given stratum. Spokeshaves received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Perforated Stone Disk Frequency of lithic artifact type Perforated Stone Disk in a given stratum. Stone disks were analyzed as part of the Stage 3 Ceramic Analysis Projects: Disks (Ceramic and Lithic) (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 3-40 -- 3-43 for details).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Carving Frequency of lithic artifact type Carving in a given stratum.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Flat Stone Bead Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament type Flat Stone Bead in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament types - Flat Stone Bead in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Tubular Stone Bead Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament type Tubular Stone Bead in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament types - Tubular Stone Bead in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Utilized Flake Frequency of lithic artifact type Utilized Flake in a given stratum. A utilized flake is a piece of debitage with evidence of usewear along its edges.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Stratum Identifies a major natural or cultural depositional event such as erosional fill, roof fall, floor contexts, and sterile substrate (i.e., a single archaeological context in both horizontal and vertical space). Strata are depicted as horizontal rows of interconnected boxes on a Harris Matrix. This table contains data from multiple sites with multiple features and associated strata. Thus, in this table, a stratum is identified by combining several numbering systems: an ASM site number, a colon, a feature number, and a stratum letter designation. EX: U:3:198:006A, U:3:198:006B A stratum is a combination of an individual feature and a context in or associated with that feature. For example, Feature 10 might be a structure with an erosionial fill stratum, a roof fall stratum, a floor stratum, and a sterile substrate stratum. Within each feature, each stratum is designated by the feature number (e.g., 10, 11, 12, etc.) and a letter that designates a particular stratum (e.g., A, B, C). The levels excavated in a feature were aggregated into individual feature strata (e.g., Levels 1 - 3 = Stratum A). A feature's stratum letters are assigned in descending order. A context letter of "?" designates a mixed level or context or artifacts collected out of context. Examples: 0? = General Cultural Fill/No Feature and Indeterminate context 10A = Feature 10 and Context A 10B = Feature 10 and Context B 10C = Feature 10 and Context C 22? = Feature 22 and Mixed and/or Undefined context 22A - Feature 22 and Context A Each stratum (e.g., 10C) is assigned to a stratum type. The stratum data are presented in separate strata data tables. Please see the Schoolhouse Point Mesa Strata data tables at the following tDAR urls: https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394455 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394457 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394458 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394376 Examples: 10A = Feature 10 and Context A = Feature 10, erosional fill 10B = Feature 10 and Context B = Feature 10, roof fall 10C = Feature 10 and Context C = Feature 10, floor Artifacts collected from each feature are tallied according to strata. For example, artifacts collected from Feature 10 are tallied for Stratum A, Stratum B, Stratum C, etc.
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Stratum none none true
Unperforated Stone Disk Frequency of lithic artifact type Unperforated Stone Disk in a given stratum. Stone disks were analyzed as part of the Stage 3 Ceramic Analysis Projects: Disks (Ceramic and Lithic) (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 3-40 -- 3-43 for details).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Fossil Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament/raw material type Fossil in a given stratum. A fossil is any mineralized fossil (often crynoids) (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 5-7). Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament and/or raw material types - Fossils in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Crystal Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament/raw material type Crystal in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament and/or raw material types - Crystals in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Stone Pendant Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament type Stone Pendant in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament types - Stone Pendant in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Apache Tear Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament/raw material type Apace Tear in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament and/or raw material types - Apache Tears in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Stone Tessera Frequency of lithic fine goods ornament type Stone Tessera (mosaic piece) in a given stratum. Lithic artifacts that were designated as Fine Goods were examined in a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for fine goods. These artifacts were identified to particular ornament types - Stone Tessera in this case - during that analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-20 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Raw Material Frequency of lithic artifact type (mineral) Raw Material in a given stratum. Raw materials are "pieces of material in unmodified condition – unworked includes apache tears, unworked crystals, unworked nodules or pebbles" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Primary Flake Frequency of lithic artifac type Primary Flakes in a given stratum. A primary flake is a piece of lithic debitage with a "dorsal surface completely covered with cortex" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Site The archaeological sites from which the lithic artifacts were recovered. In this table, sites are identified by an Arizona State Museum (ASM) site number. Arizona State Museum numbers begin with the designation "AZ." They then use a three-part numbering system. A letter, beginning with "A" and continuing to "FF", designates one of many arbitrary rectangles that divide the state into rectangular units, each of which includes 16 U.S.G.S topographic maps in a 15-minute series. The letter is followed by a number that refers to a 15-minute series map in a given rectangular unit. The numbers begin with 1 in the northwest corner and continue to 16 in the southeast corner. The map number is followed by a site number, which are allocated sequentially within a 15-minute series map. Each of these elements are separated by colons. At the end of the number, it is customary to provide a short-hand for the state institution that assigned the number (e.g., ASM, ASU, NAU), as several institutions have assigned site numbers throughout Arizona. EX: AZ U:8:23(ASM) Site AZ U:8:23(ASM) also has a a Tonto National Forest site number: AR-03-12-06-177. Please see the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study Site Concordance Table to match the ASM number(s) to the Tonto National Forest number(s).
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Site none none true
Hammerstone Frequency of lithic artifact type Hammerstone in a given stratum. A Hammerstone is a "stone with crushing, hinge and step fractures derived from battering, hammering, or pecking activities" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Shatter Frequency of lithic artifact type Shatter in a given stratum. Shatter is defined as "angular pieces; no bulb of percussion; no striking platform" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Tertiary Flake Frequency of lithic artifact type Tertiary Flake in a given stratum. A tertiary flake is a piece of lithic debitage with "no cortex on dorsal or ventral surfaces" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Polishing Stone Frequency of lithic artifact type Polishing Stone in a given stratum. A polishing stones is a "small, fine–grained pebble, worn lustrous by polishing pottery" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Pigment Stone Frequency of lithic artifact type Pigment Stone in a given stratum. Pigment stones are lithic "materials used to make paints or colors; exhibit ground edges and striations" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Uniface Frequency of lithic artifact type Uniface in a given stratum. A uniface is a lithic artifact "retouched, thinned along one edge or surface (not use–wear only)" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11). Unifaces received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Drill Frequency of lithic artifact type Drill in a given stratum. Drills received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Biface Frequency of lithic artifact type Biface in a given stratum. Bifaces are lithic artifacts that have been "retouched, thinned on both surfaces" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11). Bifaces received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Projectile Point Frequency of lithic artifact type Projectile Point in a given stratum. Projectile points are "retouched, small, thinned triangular bifaces with hafting elements" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11). Projectile points received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis for projectile points, bifaces, and unifaces (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-15 -- 4-18 and associated form for details of the analysis).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Agave Knife Frequency of lithic artifact type Agave Knife (Tabular/Spall Tool) in a given stratum. Tabular/spall tools are "relatively large, flat tools with unifacial and/or bifacial retouch. Tabular tools are made from platey material and are thin and flat. Spalls have the dorsal side partially or completely covered with cortex and are made from granular material" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-11). Agave knives (tabular/spal tools) received a Stage 3 Special Lithic Analysis (see A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-19 and associated form for details).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Core Frequency of lithic artifact type Core in a given stratum. Cores are "artifacts with (multiple) negative flake scars; may have platforms; may exhibit crushing and/or step fractures at percussion point(s)" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Secondary Flake Frequency of lithic artifact type Secondary Flake in a given stratum. A secondary flake is a piece of lithic debitage on which the "dorsal surface is partially covered with cortex" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-7 and 4-11).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true

Keywords

Culture
Hohokam • Salado

Material
Chipped Stone

Site Name
AZ U:8:152(ASM) • AZ U:8:159(ASM) • AZ U:8:25(ASM) • AZ U:8:291(ASM) • AZ U:8:304(ASM) • AZ U:8:318(ASM) • AZ U:8:384(ASM) • AZ U:8:385(ASM) • AZ U:8:450(ASM) • AZ U:8:451(ASM) • AZ U:8:452(ASM) • AZ U:8:453(ASM) • AZ U:8:454(ASM) • AZ U:8:456(ASM) • AZ U:8:457(ASM) • AZ U:8:458(ASM) • AZ U:8:577(ASM) • AZ V:5:137(ASM) • AZ V:5:138(ASM)

Site Type
Artifact Scatter • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Midden • Pit House / Earth Lodge • Plaza • Post Hole / Post Mold • Refuse Pit • Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno • Rock Alignment • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Settlements

Investigation Types
Architectural Documentation • Data Recovery / Excavation • Heritage Management • Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis

Geographic Keywords
Pinto Creek Complex • Theodore Roosevelt Lake • Tonto Basin • Tonto National Forest

Temporal Keywords
Gila Phase • Hohokam Classic period • Hohokam pre-Classic period • Hohokam Sedentary period • Roosevelt Phase

Temporal Coverage

Calendar Date: 900 to 1450

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.012; min lat: 33.635 ; max long: -110.991; max lat: 33.662 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Contributor(s): Peter H. McCartney; Ronna J. Bradley; Judi L. Cameron; J. Phil Dering; Suzanne K. Fish; Chris Loendorf; Theodore J. Oliver; Marcia H. Regan; Christy G. Turner II; Sheldon T. Watson; Linda K. Williams

Lab Director(s): Arleyn W. Simon

Principal Investigator(s): Glen E. Rice; Charles Redman

Sponsor(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Repository(s): Center for Archaeology and Society, Arizona State University

Prepared By(s): Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University

Submitted To(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Record Identifiers

Roosevelt Monograph Series(s): 8

Anthropological Field Studies(s): 37

Bureau of Reclamation Contract No.(s): 9-CS-32-06230

Notes

General Note: The Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University stored and maintained the digital file(s) hosted on this record page as part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) digital collections. The data were stored in a single Excel file with multiple tabs. Each tab contained a data sheet that summarized the frequencies of a particular artifact class and/or type that was analyzed during the RPMS laboratory studies. The data sheets were standardized across the different project areas. To curate these data in tDAR, each tab was converted into a single Excel file. Each file contains the frequency data for a particular artifact class and/or type.

General Note: The Office of Cultural Resource Management and the Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University intended for the data sheets and the artifact categories in the sheets to remain consistent (i.e., standardized) across the sheets and across the different project areas. During the course of this curation project, several inconsistencies were identified in the artifact categories (i.e., column names). Where appropriate, minor wording, spelling, and/or word order changes were made to column headings to ensure standardization across artifact class and/or type names. For example, some data tables used the column names "Full-Trough Metate," "3/4-Trough Metate," "Slab Metate," etc., while others used the names "Metate, Full-Trough," "Metate, 3/4-Trough," "Metate, Slab." Center for Archaeology and Society and tDAR staff decided to ensure standardization to the "Metate, ..." column names.

File Information

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    Data column(s) in this dataset have been associated with coding sheet(s) and translated:

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