Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data: Lithic Material Types from Screened Contexts

Part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study: Pinto Creek Complex, Schoolhouse Mesa Sites (DRAFT) project

Creator(s): Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University

Year: 1997

Summary

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa archaeological sites are part of an extensive settlement system on the southern banks of the Salt River. The Arizona State University, Office of Cultural Resource Management, Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) divided the Schoolhouse Point Mesa settlement complex into two groups: the Schoolhouse Management Group and the Livingston Management Group. The Schoolhouse Management Group includes those sites on the west side of Pinto Creek Wash, while the Livingston Management Group includes sites on the east side of the wash. Schoolhouse Point Mound (AZ U:8:24(ASM), AR-03-12-06-13a(USFS)) is the largest site in the Schoolhouse Management Group and on the mesa. The mound is treated in a separate report volume and its data are reported separately (Please see https://core.tdar.org/project/394037). The Schoolhouse Point Mesa report volumes and data document the remaining 23 archaeological sites in the Schoolhouse Management Group. Nineteen of the sites are located on the mesa, while four are west of the mesa on the terraces overlooking the Salt River.

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data table Lithic Material Types from Screened Contexts presents a summary of the lithic (source) material type of the lithic artifacts recovered from excavated, screened contexts at Schoolhouse Point Mesa sites (except Schoolhouse Point Mound, which is reportedly separately). The table lists archaeological sites designated by Arizona State Museum (ASM) site numbers (without the "AZ" common to all ASM numbers) (e.g., U:8:205 = ASM site number AZ U:8:205). It then lists designated archaeological contexts - strata - at each site. The strata represent major natural or cultural depositional events such as erosional fill, roof fall, floor contexts, and sterile substrate. Strata are depicted as horizontal rows of interconnected boxes on a Harris Matrix. In this table, the archaeological contexts - strata - are identified by a combination of numbering systems: the ASM site number, a colon, the feature number, and the stratum letter designation (EX: U:3:198:006A, U:3:198:006B). Within a feature, each stratum is designated by the feature number (e.g., 10, 11, 12, etc.) and a letter that designates a particular stratum (e.g., A, B, C). The letters are assigned in descending order. Mixed levels and artifacts collected out of context are designated by a "?". Artifacts from each feature (or mixed context) are tallied according to strata. Please see column metadata for further detail. Please also see the Schoolhouse Point Mesa strata data tables for further data about each stratum, including the assigned stratum type, at the following tDAR urls:

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394455

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394457

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394458

https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394376

The table then provides the frequency (count) of lithic artifacts with different source material type designations. Note that it provides a count of artifacts (NOT individual lithic pieces) identified to material type.

The Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data tables were originally published in the Roosevelt Platform Mound Monograph Series No. 8 titled "The Archaeology of Schoolhouse Point Mesa, Roosevelt Platform Mound Study: Report on the Schoolhouse Point Mesa Sites, Schoolhouse Management Group, Pinto Creek Complex." The tables were published in an appendix at the end of the volume. Please see the report volume at the following tDAR URL: https://core.tdar.org/document/394293

Cite this Record

Schoolhouse Point Mesa Data: Lithic Material Types from Screened Contexts. Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University. Tempe, Arizona: Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University. 1997 ( tDAR id: 394474) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8NS0WX3

This Resource is Part of the Following Collections

Data Set Structure

Measurement Column
Count Column
Coded Column
Filename Column
Integration Column (has Ontology)

Table Information: shmesa_screened_lithic-material

Column Name Data Type Type Category Coding Sheet Ontology Search
Argillite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Argillite. Argillite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "red, green, or grey, very fine–grained, clay rich, easily scratched" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Basalt Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Basalt. Basalt was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "very fine–grained black or grey volcanic rock, totally opaque" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Quartz Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Quartz. Quartz was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "clear glassy or milky white mineral, can’t be scratched by knife" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Obsidian Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Obsidian. Obsidian was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "volcanic glass, no grain structure, transluscent, grey–black" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Metavolcanic Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Metavolcanics. Metavolcanics were identified through reference to the following characteristics: "metamorphosed rhyolite with large phenocrysts; combinations of green, red, grey; may have flow banding" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Manganese Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Manganese. Manganese was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "may have elongated black crystals, or masses striated, brown streak" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Malachite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Malachite and/or frequency of raw mineral specimens identified as malachite. Malachite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "hydrous copper carbonate; banded; emerald–green; light green streak" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Limestone Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Limestone. Limestone was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "contains calcite; even grained or crystalline; easily scratched" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Hematite/Ochre/Limonite Frequency of mineral specimens identified as Hematite, Ochre, and/or Limonite. Hematite, ochre, and/or limonite were identified through reference to the following characteristics: "iron oxide; rust red to purple to black; adheres to quartz or mica; also limonite – dull, rusty yellow iron oxide; makes red streak" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Gypsum Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Gypsum and/or frequency of mineral specimens identified as Gypsum. Gypsum was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "soft white to grey–green; evaporite from sea or salty ponds; very soft; contains calcite and other minerals" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Greenstone Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Greenstone. Greenstone was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "ancient metamorphosed basalt; greenish in color; texture of basalt" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Slate/Shale Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Slate/Shale. Slate/Shale was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "cemented grains of silt and clay; grey, red, green, black; salmon colored spots are common" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Schist Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Schist. Schist was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "visible flakey plates; lustrous; micas, chlorite, hornblende, quartz; includes micaceous schist and phyllite schist" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Rhyolite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Rhyolite. Rhyolite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "fine–grained, light colored volcanic rock (white, grey, red, purple); may show flow banding, translucent" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Quartzite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Quartzite. Quartzite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "bonded quartz grains tightly welded, breaks through grains" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
TOTAL The total number of lithic (stone) artifacts across all identified lithic source material types in a given stratum.
BIGINT  Uncoded Value uncategorized none none true
Diabase Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Diabase. Diabase was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "medium–grained, dark grey rock with pyroxene and white feldspars; 'salt and pepper” appearance' " (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Diorite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Diorite. Diorite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "white feldspars, biotite and hornblende; very dark color; large crystals" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Jasper Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Jasper. Jasper was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "red, brown or black, grey, white; compact texture; thin strata zones; silica precipitate from volcanic deposits at mid–ocean depths; hard" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Tuff Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Tuff. Tuff (volcanic ash) was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "white, fine–particles; may contain biotite mica; very soft" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Ground Stone : Count none none true
Turquoise Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Turquoise and/or frequency of mineral specimens identified as Turquoise. Turquoise was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "hydrated copper aluminum phosphate; light blue or blue–green; streak white–green; waxy luster" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Steatite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Steatite. Steatite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "talc; pearly luster; feels slippery; white to greenish; darkens with heat" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Granite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Granite. Granite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "coarse–grained, light–colored rock; pink, white, or grey quartz; more pink than white feldspar, micas; may have pyroxene" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Gneiss Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Gneiss. Gneiss was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "coarse–grained, foliation layers, with feldspars, micas, quartz" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Fossil Frequency of lithic artifacts and/or mineral specimens identified as Fossils. Fossils were identified as "any fossil, often crynoids" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Conglomerate Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Conglomerate. Conglomerate was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "cemented rounded particles (> 2mm diameter); binding cement" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Chert Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Chert. Chert was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "granular cryptocrystalline silica: usually light color" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Chalcedony Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Chalcedony. Chalcedony was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "fibrous cryptocrystalline silica; translucent; waxy luster" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Calcite Crystal Frequency of lithic artifacts and/or mineral specimens identified as Calcite crystals. Calcite crystals were identified through reference to the following characteristics: "white or light grey; transparent to opaque; tapered crystals; masses" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true
Azurite Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Azurite and/or frequency of azurite mineral specimens. Azurite was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "hydrous copper carbonate, striated, granular, pale–blue streak" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Stratum Identifies a major natural or cultural depositional event such as erosional fill, roof fall, floor contexts, and sterile substrate (i.e., a single archaeological context in both horizontal and vertical space). Strata are depicted as horizontal rows of interconnected boxes on a Harris Matrix. This table contains data from multiple sites with multiple features and associated strata. Thus, in this table, a stratum is identified by combining several numbering systems: an ASM site number, a colon, a feature number, and a stratum letter designation. EX: U:3:198:006A, U:3:198:006B A stratum is a combination of an individual feature and a context in or associated with that feature. For example, Feature 10 might be a structure with an erosonial fill stratum, a roof fall stratum, a floor stratum, and a sterile substrate stratum. Within each feature, each stratum is designated by the feature number (e.g., 10, 11, 12, etc.) and a letter that designates a particular stratum (e.g., A, B, C). The levels excavated in a feature were aggregated into individual feature strata (e.g., Levels 1 - 3 = Stratum A). A feature's stratum letters are assigned in descending order. A context letter of "?" designates a mixed level or context or artifacts collected out of context. Examples: 0? = General Cultural Fill/No Feature and Indeterminate context 10A = Feature 10 and Context A 10B = Feature 10 and Context B 10C = Feature 10 and Context C 22? = Feature 22 and Mixed and/or Undefined context 22A - Feature 22 and Context A Each stratum (e.g., 10C) is assigned to a stratum type. The stratum data are presented in separate strata data tables. Please see the Schoolhouse Point Mesa Strata data tables at the following tDAR urls: https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394455 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394457 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394458 https://core.tdar.org/dataset/394376 Examples: 10A = Feature 10 and Context A = Feature 10, erosional fill 10B = Feature 10 and Context B = Feature 10, roof fall 10C = Feature 10 and Context C = Feature 10, floor Artifacts collected from each feature are tallied according to strata. For example, artifacts collected from Feature 10 are tallied for Stratum A, Stratum B, Stratum C, etc.
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Stratum none none true
Site The archaeological sites from which the lithic artifacts were recovered. In this table, sites are identified by an Arizona State Museum (ASM) site number. Arizona State Museum numbers begin with the designation "AZ." They then use a three-part numbering system. A letter, beginning with "A" and continuing to "FF", designates one of many arbitrary rectangles that divide the state into rectangular units, each of which includes 16 U.S.G.S topographic maps in a 15-minute series. The letter is followed by a number that refers to a 15-minute series map in a given rectangular unit. The numbers begin with 1 in the northwest corner and continue to 16 in the southeast corner. The map number is followed by a site number, which are allocated sequentially within a 15-minute series map. Each of these elements are separated by colons. At the end of the number, it is customary to provide a short-hand for the state institution that assigned the number (e.g., ASM, ASU, NAU), as several institutions have assigned site numbers throughout Arizona. EX: AZ U:8:23(ASM) Site AZ U:8:23(ASM) also has a a Tonto National Forest site number: AR-03-12-06-177. Please see the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study Site Concordance Table to match the ASM number(s) to the Tonto National Forest number(s).
VARCHAR  Uncoded Value Provenience and Context : Site none none true
Vesicular Basalt Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Vesicular Basalt. Vesicular Basalt was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "basalt with gas–bubble holes or vesicles" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Sandstone Frequency of lithic artifacts made from Sandstone. Sandstone was identified through reference to the following characteristics: "rounded sand particles (.02–2 mm size) with others; binding cement" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Chipped Stone : Count none none true
Plagioclase Crystal Frequency of lithic artifacts idenfitied as Plagioclase crystals. Plagioclase crystals were identified through reference to the following characteristics: "tabular crystals; white to dark grey; hard (6–6.5 Mohs); opaque" (A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research, pp. 4-12 -- 4-13).
BIGINT  Uncoded Value Mineral : Count none none true

Keywords

Culture
Hohokam • Salado

Material
Chipped Stone

Site Name
AZ U:8:152(ASM) • AZ U:8:159(ASM) • AZ U:8:25(ASM) • AZ U:8:304(ASM) • AZ U:8:318(ASM) • AZ U:8:384(ASM) • AZ U:8:385(ASM) • AZ U:8:450(ASM) • AZ U:8:451(ASM) • AZ U:8:452(ASM) • AZ U:8:453(ASM) • AZ U:8:454(ASM) • AZ U:8:456(ASM) • AZ U:8:457(ASM) • AZ U:8:458(ASM) • AZ U:8:577(ASM) • AZ V:5:137(ASM) • AZ V:5:138(ASM)

Site Type
Artifact Scatter • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Midden • Pit House / Earth Lodge • Plaza • Post Hole / Post Mold • Refuse Pit • Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno • Rock Alignment • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Settlements

Investigation Types
Architectural Documentation • Data Recovery / Excavation • Heritage Management • Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis

Geographic Keywords
Pinto Creek Complex • Theodore Roosevelt Lake • Tonto Basin • Tonto National Forest

Temporal Keywords
Gila Phase • Hohokam Classic period • Hohokam pre-Classic period • Hohokam Sedentary period • Roosevelt Phase

Temporal Coverage

Calendar Date: 900 to 1450

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.012; min lat: 33.635 ; max long: -110.991; max lat: 33.662 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Contributor(s): Peter H. McCartney; Ronna J. Bradley; Judi L. Cameron; J. Phil Dering; Suzanne K. Fish; Chris Loendorf; Theodore J. Oliver; Marcia H. Regan; Christy G. Turner II; Sheldon T. Watson; Linda K. Williams

Lab Director(s): Arleyn W. Simon

Principal Investigator(s): Glen E. Rice; Charles Redman

Sponsor(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Repository(s): Center for Archaeology and Society, Arizona State University

Prepared By(s): Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University

Submitted To(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Record Identifiers

Roosevelt Monograph Series(s): 8

Anthropological Field Studies(s): 37

Bureau of Reclamation Contract No.(s): 9-CS-32-06230

Notes

General Note: The Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University stored and maintained the digital file(s) hosted on this record page as part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) digital collections. The data were stored in a single Excel file with multiple tabs. Each tab contained a data sheet that summarized the frequencies of a particular artifact class and/or type that was analyzed during the RPMS laboratory studies. The data sheets were standardized across the different project areas. To curate these data in tDAR, each tab was converted into a single Excel file. Each file contains the frequency data for a particular artifact class and/or type.

General Note: The Office of Cultural Resource Management and the Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University intended for the data sheets and the artifact categories in the sheets to remain consistent (i.e., standardized) across the sheets and across the different project areas. During the course of this curation project, several inconsistencies were identified in the artifact categories (i.e., column names). Where appropriate, minor wording, spelling, and/or word order changes were made to column headings to ensure standardization across artifact class and/or type names. For example, some data tables used the column names "Full-Trough Metate," "3/4-Trough Metate," "Slab Metate," etc., while others used the names "Metate, Full-Trough," "Metate, 3/4-Trough," "Metate, Slab." Center for Archaeology and Society and tDAR staff decided to ensure standardization to the "Metate, ..." column names.

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