Animals in the Urban Environment AD 1500 - 1900

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Documents
  • Animals and Humans in Post-medieval York: A View From Hungate (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Clare E Rainsford.

    Excavations at Hungate, in the centre of the city of York, have yielded a substantial assemblage of faunal bone, of which a significant proportion derives from a time period from the 16th century through to the early years of the 20th century. Reworking and residuality of bone pose a significant problem at Hungate, owing to the large quantities of underlying medieval faunal material. This paper will demonstrate that a combination of zooarchaeological, taphonomic and historical approaches provide...

  • Animals, science and empire: London’s animals as scientific objects (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only James Morris.

    Urban environments are places of change and discovery, where complex social and cultural boundaries are expressed and altered. As the transition to an industrial society occurred, with the associated intellectual advances and socio-economic developments, the roles and understanding of animals also changed. The 18th and 19th centuries see the increased exploitation and use of animals in physiological studies as scientific disciplines evolved from natural philosophy. These practices were often...

  • Becoming Urban – Emerging Urban Food Culture in Early Modern Tornio, Northern Finland (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna-Kaisa Salmi.

    This paper focuses on emerging urban food culture in Tornio, a small town in Northern Finland, between AD 1621 and 1800. Tornio was founded in 1621 in Northern Finland, which at that time was a part of the Swedish kingdom. The population of the new urban centre was a mixture of local peasants and merchants from other towns of Sweden. Tornio was a dynamic boom town where people of different origins came together, forming a new urban community and a new urban food culture. Zooarchaeological...

  • The bigger the cow the better she is’: new archaeological perspectives on livestock ‘improvement’ in late medieval and early modern England (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only RM Thomas. M Holmes. James Morris.

    In recent years, zooarchaeologists have become increasingly interested in exploring the timing and nature of ‘improvements’ in animal husbandry in later medieval and early modern England. These studies have identified that size and shape changes occurred from the 14th to the 17th centuries. However, the picture is complex: outlying sites experience later developments than central localities and there is considerable variation in the timing of size changes for different species at different...

  • Changes in animal use in the Modern Period of Portugal (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Cleia Detry. Simon Davis.

    Portugal has undergone profound changes since the time of the so-called "Discoveries" in the 16th century when new continents were discovered and trade with other countries was intensified. New species were introduced and new strategies of animal husbandry were adopted to adapt to new global and local changes in demography and economy. Zooarchaeology is used in this presentation to show how social change in the Portuguese Modern period can be seen. We study sites including 16th century Crestelos...

  • From Pests to Pets: social and cultural perceptions of animals in post-medieval urban centres (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Gordon.

    Cats, dogs, pigs and other animals lived in close proximity to people in post-medieval cities and were probably viewed in terms of their respective functions. For example, cats were kept to deter rodents and exploited for their fur, dogs were protectors of the home and pigs were not only food, but helped to reduce the amount of rubbish where they were kept. However, perceptions and treatment of urban animals were far from static. The emergent animal welfare movement and legislation heralded a...

  • Human-animal interactions at a seventeenth-century English fishery in Newfoundland (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric D. Tourigny.

    The community of Ferryland represents the second permanent English settlement on the island of Newfoundland. Commissioned in 1620 by Sir George Calvert, later the first Lord Baltimore, the fishery played an important role as a seat of power on the island throughout the seventeenth century. The recovery of thousands of well preserved animal bones associated with the Mansion House, a building that served as the Calvert family home, and later the home of Newfoundland’s first governor, provides the...

  • Mid-19th-Century Irish-American Foodways in New York City: Evidence from the Five Points Site in Lower Manhattan (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Pam J Crabtree.

    The Five Points Site was part of a multi-ethnic, working class neighbourhood located in lower Manhattan; the site was excavated by John Milner Associates in the 1990s. Claudia Milne and I identified and analysed the faunal remains from features associated with first generation Italian-Americans, Central European Jewish-Americans, and Irish-Americas. This presentation will focus on the faunal remains from the Irish-American contexts which date to the 1850s. Analyses based on species and body...

  • Poultry in Motion: Chickens and Other Domestic Birds in Post-Medieval Cities (2013)
    DOCUMENT Citation Only Brooklynne Fothergill.

    Chickens, turkeys and other domestic avian taxa were brought to and sold at city markets, kept by city-dwellers for various products and contributed to the general sensory experience of being in a city. Unlike other livestock, poultry were inexpensive and possible to husband successfully within the confined spaces characteristic of city life. Little is known about poultry husbandry in the post-medieval period apart from what can be gleaned from documentary sources and research has been limited...