Society for Historical Archaeology 2014

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lynsey Bates.

Estate owners throughout the Atlantic World employed various strategies of plantation landscape management to maximize the profitability of cash crop production. In the British colony of Jamaica, contemporary planters and travelers identified numerous principles for sugar estate organization, four of which are quantified and analyzed in this paper, namely cultivation suitability (slope and soil quality), centrality, proximity, and visibility. By evaluating these principles through the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diane George.

The half-century following the American Revolution was a vital time in the development of a national identity for the United States, as it moved from being a British colony to a newly-independent country. The assertive role of the United States in the 21st century world, including its involvement in ‘preemptive’ wars, is underlain by a sense of national superiority. This paper poses the question of whether early manifestations of this characteristic can be found in late 18th and early 19th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Blake Williams.

In 2011, during a salvage excavation at the Fort York National Historic Site, Archaeological Services Inc. recovered a pinfire shotgun shell cartridge. This unique small find tells a story of the changing firearms technology used by armed forces around the world. These developments would lead to dramatic changes in the military’s treatment of the militia as revealed by the British response to the Trent Affair. This international incident during the American Civil War, risked a return to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Brown.

In 1986 the Fire Department of the City of Houston was altering several buildings in their Logistics Center. During this reconstruction it was determined that the renovations were impacting an historic cemetery. We obtained an emergency contract to evaluate this impact in order to aid in avoiding further impact to the human remains. During this evaluation we discovered that two types of graves were present in a small portion of the cemetery that contained European/Christian attributes, but...

DOCUMENT Citation Only V. Camille Westmont.

Archaeologists from the University of Maryland have been investigating labor history in the towns of Lattimer 1 and Lattimer 2, both located in the anthracite coal region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, men and young boys were frequently employed in the coal industry, while women and girls were employed in the silk and the textile industries, which had moved into the area to bypass the unionization efforts of textile workers in New England. The rise of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laurier Turgeon. Francois Côté. Alain Massé.

The authors of this paper will present the new theoretical, methodological and technological approaches developed by the Canada Research Chair in Cultural Heritage to show how the combination of tangible and intangible cultural heritage interpreted through transmedia storytelling can greatly enhance and go beyond the multimedia experience of cultural heritage. The classical multimedia approach to cultural heritage has had a tendency to favor tangible heritage and to exploit different medias...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine LaVoy.

In 1963, the sugar plantation Monjope in Pernambuco, Brazil was transformed into a camping club. Canals that had once fed the mill became swimming pools, tours went through the master’s house, and the slave quarters that once held over 100 enslaved laborers became toilets and showers. This transformation is not just the story of changes in the built environment. Gilberto Freyre made the image of the Pernambucan sugar plantation political, proclaiming it the nexus of Brazilian culture and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Terry Brock.

Examining the African American landscape during and after slavery opens the door for a broader understanding of how enslaved and tenant laborers experienced the external plantation landscape. In both instances, African Americans had to navigate these landscapes subversively. However, Emancipation changed the ways that these spaces outside the plantation were used, manipulated, and experienced. In this paper, a 19th-century plantation in St. Mary’s City, Maryland will be used to examine different...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne Jensen.

Bowhead whaling has long been the organizing focus of coastal North Slope Iñupiat culture. In 1848 Thomas Welcome Roys took the whaling vessel Superior north of the Bering Strait, and things changed dramatically for the Inupiat. In the 1870s and 1880s, Inupiat and Yankee whalers worked together and blended Yankee gear with their traditional techniques of shore-based whaling. Commercial whaling persisted in at least minimal fashion until the early years of the 20th century.However, subsistence...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Harrison.

An assemblage of seven iron 4-pounder guns is contextualized against the military history of the Great Lakes between the founding of Detroit (1701) and the outbreak of the War of 1812. The guns, their markings, their condition, and their deployment, are used as indexes of the increasing militarization of the region, as French, First Nations, British, and American forces contested the control of economic resources and strategic waterways.Un assemblage de sept canons de fer de 4 livres est...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Hamilton.

Scholarly interest in the western Canadian fur trade tends to focus on a time of intense European commercial competition, exploration and colonial appropriation (ca. 1763 to 1821). As the fur trade declined over the subsequent 150 years, both it and its Aboriginal participants became increasingly marginalized in the national historical synthesis. Aboriginal history, deriving in part from the Oral Tradition, documents how the fur trade figured in an evolving hunter-gatherer ‘reality’ that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amelie Allard.

In North America, fur traders occupy a central place in the mythology of nation building, yet this image of the voyageur and coureurs des bois as an emblem of the fur trade and of something bigger, of nation, does not appear in a vacuum. By deconstructing particular narratives created by members of the fur trade community, this paper will explore some of the writings that set in motion the creation of a new stereotype of the voyageur that still captures the imagination. Very few authors, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katie Cottreau-Robins.

Historical records describing early seventeenth-century New France are numerous and varied. The writings of Lescarbot and Denys, the cartography of Champlain, and the mercantile documents of the day all lend insights to this contact period. Such records are particularly relevant for early Acadia and the movement of settlers, traders, and Mi’kmaq from the initial Annapolis Basin settlement area to the fur trading posts and forts developed along the coastline of Nova Scotia. Missing from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laurel Seaborn.

Wives, sisters, daughters and nieces of captains went to sea on merchant and whaling ships during the 19th century. They lived aboard contributing as nurses, nannies and navigators, and in extreme cases took command of the ship. These women chronicled their experiences in journals and letters now found in historical archives, but they remain difficult to find in the maritime archaeological record. Primary documents make mention of several items built or brought specifically for women on ships,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Yves Monette. Brad Loewen. Stéphane Piques. Jean-Michel Minovez. Jean-Michel Lassure.

Questions of transatlantic diffusion of 16th-18th century coarse earthenware may be addressed by the geochemical analysis of ceramic pastes. The Atlantic Ocean acted as a ‘filter’ that blocked the diffusion of certain ceramic productions while allowing others to voyage thousands of kilometres to colonial sites. Within the Garonne Valley pottery centres of southwest France, export production may have emanated from only a few workshops, with a majority of workshops targeting the local or regional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hilary Hatcher.

The fishing room Champ Paya, in Cap Rouge Harbour, northern Newfoundland, was in use from about 1540 to 1904, primarily occupied by transatlantic migratory Breton fishermen. However, during the period of the Napoleonic and French Revolutionary wars, from about 1790 to 1820, the French were absent from Newfoundland waters and Anglo-Newfoundlander families prosecuted a regional migratory fishery on the vacant French Shore. Though both groups undertook a similar industry here ‘ preparing salted,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Peros.

Los Buchillones is a Taino site, occupied from approximately AD 1220 to 1640, located on the north coast of central Cuba. Discovered in the mid 1990s, it has since been the focus of both archaeological and geological investigations. The site is one of the largest in the Caribbean, and is located under approximately 1 meter of water in a shallow bay inside a barrier reef complex. Due to the submerged nature of the site, the preservation of wooden remains is exceptional. Geoarchaeological research...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tyrone Hamilton.

Iron was among the most sought-after forms of material culture for Labrador Inuit, who obtained it at Breton, Norman and Basque seasonal whaling and cod fishing stations along the southern Labrador coast and the Quebec North Shore by the 16th century, both through trade but also through pilfering during off-season visits. This project uses geochemical analysis via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to study the provenance of a sample of iron artifacts from Inuit sites in south, central...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Judith E. Thomas. Kaitlyn R. Volanski.

During the occupation (1852-1860) of Cantonment Burgwin near Taos, New Mexico, the Army laundresses processed the soldiers’ laundry using lye soap near their quarters. Lye, or potash, contains phosphorus, an element that is relatively immobile when added to the soil, as with discarded wash water. Archaeological excavation of Cantonment Burgwin’s laundresses’ quarters identified the footprint and internal configuration of their four-room building. To locate the laundry washing area, chemical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph Boyce. Peter Dao. Despina Koutsoumba. Richard Rothaus. Eduard Reinhardt.

A detailed underwater geophysical and geomorphic survey was conducted at Kalamianos, a recently discovered Mycenaean harbour located near Korphos, Greece. Bathymetry and magnetic gradiometer data (> 400-line km) were acquired across a 10-km2 inshore area to map the Bronze Age shoreline positions and to identify potential anchorage sites. Beachrock elevations, 14C chronology and micropaleontologic data were integrated with bathymetry data to construct a RSL curve and paleoshoreline maps. During...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Darren Kipping. Joseph Grinnan. Rachel Horlings. Gregory Cook.

In the spring of 2013, an international team of archaeologists led by Syracuse University archaeologist Rachel Horlings arrived in Ghana, West Africa to investigate the maritime heritage of the Elmina and Cape Coast regions. This was the most recent effort at conducting archaeological research as part of the Central Region Project, which has resulted in the discovery of several significant archaeological sites, both on land and underwater. The water off Elmina and Cape Coast Castles were...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradford Jones.

La Salle’s 1684 expedition to establish a French settlement on the Mississippi River unexpectedly resulted in one of the first prolonged engagements between Native American and European peoples living along the Texas Gulf coast. Among the many items brought by the French were tremendous amounts of European material goods meant as gifts for the Native American communities, nearly a million of which remained in the hold of La Belle when it sank in Matagorda Bay in 1686. This paper reviews La...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Becca Peixotto.

Archaeological research over the last decade in the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia and North Carolina has focused on disenfranchised Native Americans, maroons and enslaved canal company laborers ca. 1680-1860 who lived in these wetlands temporarily and long term. This paper explores how data gathered using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) of glass fragments and other very small artifacts could augment an analysis of this socially and physically complex landscape. Artifacts from canal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Button Kambic.

Whaling ports in the nineteenth century were nodes in multiple networks, where the global maritime economy overlapped with regional indigenous landscapes, and residential and occupational sites became locations of cultural encounter. How did the material spaces of ports structure and reflect these dynamics of movement and exchange? What specific forms of cross-cultural interaction did ports foster, and how did Native Americans negotiate this cosmopolitanism in material ways? I consider these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Irena Radic Rossi. Mariangela Nicolardi. Mauro Bondioli. Filipe Castro.

The shipwreck near the islet of Gnali’, not far from the coastal town of Biograd na Moru, is one of the most significant post-medieval sites in the Mediterranean. According to recently recovered information, this ship was built in 1569 in Venice and lost in 1583 near the Gnali’ Island, in today’s Croatia, on a trip from Venice to Constantinople, the Gagliana grossa was a large Mediterranean merchantman with a long history. Found in the early 1960s, this shipwreck was looted, salvaged, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Shepherd.

The backcountry regions of colonial America are often believed to be inhabited by a population of rustic settlers who lack the behaviors and material culture associated with the genteel society present in socially competitive urban centers. Although many researchers have previously examined the differences between urban and backcountry lifeways in South Carolina, few have focused on members of the elite upper class or had the opportunity to examine both the urban and rural life of the same...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsey Stallard.

On a residential lot that was once owned and lived on by two African American women in the mid-1850’s, there is now a somewhat dilapidated house. Based on recent surveys it is now confirmed that this house is the original homestead of these women. This house is the remaining physical link to the unique story of Hannah and Eliza Gorman; a mother and daughter who crossed the Oregon Trail as domestic slaves. Once in Oregon, they gained their freedom and established their lives within the Corvallis...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caroline Gabe. Emily Jones.

European contact brought many changes to the New Mexican landscape, including the introduction of domesticated animals with origins in the Old World. By the 19th century, these new animals had transformed the Southwestern landscape, both culturally and biologically. In the pre-Pueblo Revolt Colonial period, however, the abundance and significance of Old World domesticates in New Mexico is much less well understood. The zooarchaeological record of 17th and 18th century New Mexico shows remarkable...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melanie Damour. James Moore. Brian Jordan.

As technological advances and marine archaeological research move to deeper waters, new questions concerning site formation processes and anthropogenic impacts to shipwrecks are arising. In 2013, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, along with other Federal and academic partners, initiated a study to examine the impacts of oil and dispersant exposure on shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. This multidisciplinary study is examining microbial biodiversity and corrosion processes at wooden and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura McAtackney.

Kilmainham Gaol was built in 1796 with the intention of being the new jail for Dublin County. In reality it swiftly became the de facto holding centre for many of the most difficult and recalcitrant prisoners for the colonial powers to control from this time until its closure in 1924. Mainly due to its association with so many major figures of Ireland’s struggle to gain independence from Britain the prison has transitioned from being a British colonial bastion to being a nationalist heritage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katharine W. Fernstrom.

The Community College of Baltimore County, Essex Campus occupies the former Mace family farm. One of the extant parts of the farm is the cemetery containing 22 headstones and footstones. These stones provide information about cardinal orientations; life dates; pictorial symbols; and semi-religious inscriptions. Students in an Introductory Archaeology class used the cemetery information to connect historic photos and survey maps to the evidence on the landscape; to practice inductive and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Pomper.

Besides learning from sherds of Chinese porcelain that have turned up in terrestrial and underwater sites, we can learn from porcelain with datable mounts in European collections. Five pieces of blue and white Chinese porcelain from the late 16th century now in the collection of The Metropolitan Musuem of Art in New York, came originally from Burghley House, Stamford, Lincolnshire, and they may have come through trade between England and Turkey. The mounts are datable to 1575-1585, and the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Scafuri. Maria Jacobsen. Benjamin Rennison.

Recent developments in the investigation of the American Civil War submarine H.L. Hunley have revealed new clues about the nature of the spar-mounted torpedo delivery system used to sink the USS Housatonic on the night of February 17, 1864. The deconcretion of the end of the bow spar has revealed the remnants of the attached torpedo, confirming that the torpedo was detonated while still attached to the spar. This paper will present current research on the Hunley’s spar torpedo, how it was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne Jégouzo.

Cette communication présente les nouvelles données archéologique découvertes au Château Dubuc, ancienne habitation sucrerie de la Martinique. L’opération d’archéologie préventive menée par l’Inrap en 2012 s’inscrit dans le cadre des restaurations de ce monument historique. La fouille porte sur un secteur encore inconnu d’environ 4000 m& 178;, situé en contre bas de la maison d’habitation. Elle a ainsi dévoilé nombre de données inédites : -Des bâtiments anciens en bois sous les entrepôts. -Un...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith Hardy.

Foodways of the French colonial frontier, especially at military and trading outposts, can tell us how a French garrison and neighboring habitants adapted and survived in remote areas. The desire to maintain identity and social status in traditional manner would have been difficult for Europeans living far away from coastal trading ports and ready access to goods. This paper examines 18th-century colonial foodways at a remote garrison as represented by the material culture recovered during...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Platt. Madeline Roth. Elizabeth McCague. Kaitlin Jennings. Liza Gijanto.

In the spring of 2012 and 2013, two undergraduate anthropological research methods courses from St. Mary’s College of Maryland undertook preliminary archaeological survey at Cremona Estate. The large property in southern Maryland was a part of the land grant to the Ashcom family in the 1640s, later renamed Cremona by subsequent owner William Thomas in 1819. Full excavation followed in the summer of 2013 based upon the results of these initial surveys. From its inception, the archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Margaret Comer.

Although much has been written regarding the ways the ancient past is used to construct Danish national identities, the role of historic archaeology in these politically-concerned endeavors also merits attention. In particular, historic museums and archaeological sites that are related to the Danish royal family and others who played parts in Denmark’’s transition from a kingdom to a modern nation-state perform an active role in the creation and dissemination of ideals of ‘Danish-ness’ and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Jacobson.

Present day Upstate New York was the location of some of the American Revolution’s major campaigns, such as Burgoyne’s campaign of 1777 and the Sullivan-Clinton campaign of 1779, as well as continuous raids and guerrilla fighting. Combat across Upstate New York centered on rural areas and relied on local partisans, such as Loyalist Rangers, Continental Militia, and Native American’s allied with the British and the Continental armies rather than professional forces. Using the results of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Abigail Casavant.

While Israel is often associated with the archaeology of ancient peoples, civilizations, and cultures, the modern history and archaeology is also essential to the study of Akko’s maritime activities. Three targets along Hatmarim Beach in Akko were discovered during the Israel Coast Exploration Project’s 2011 survey, as well as a fourth target via aerial photographs in 2012. It is possible that one or more of these ships belonged to the Egyptian fleet commanded by Admiral Osman Nour-ed-din Bey in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Claire Horn.

Health care provides insights into aspects of identity, including class, ethnicity, age, gender, and religious affiliation. This presentation examines changes in health care practices within the Binghamton Mall site in downtown Binghamton, New York. The site contains multiple properties within an urban block. These properties were occupied from the early 19th century through the early 20th century. Inhabitants included elites, middle class and working class individuals and families. The project...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Danielle Cathcart.

In addition to the African Meeting House (AMH), 71 Joy Street is one of the only domestic sites associated with free African Americans for which any archaeological evidence exists from Boston’s historic Beacon Hill neighborhood. The standing brick structure was built in 1840 as a single-family dwelling that was occupied by members of the free black community until 1878 when Wendell T. Coburn sold the property to William J. Rounds. In 2006, archaeologists discovered the brick-lined privy...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Garrett Fesler.

Most field directors of Phase I archaeological surveys frequently face this dilemma: a handful of nearby shovel test pits have yielded a few brick bits, some charcoal, maybe a stray piece of refined earthenware, perhaps a fragment of bottle glass. Now what? Do you move on and chalk this one up to “field scatter”; Do you hunker down and try to tease more diagnostics out of the ground? Or do you wing it and try to wordsmith it in the report as potentially eligible? Most are reluctant to admit...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ionut Cristi Nicu. Andrei Asandelusei. Gheorghe Romanescu. Vasile Cotiuga.

Nowadays, due to climatic changes, high friability of the geological deposits, deforestations, agricultural work and ultimately to a bad management of land improvement works, a lot of Chalcolithic settlements are affected by intensive hidrogeomorphological processes. However, if there are not immediately taken a few antierosional measures, our future generations will not be able to study and understand the prehistorical people. Protecting and conserve the heritage is among one of our research...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Crisman.

The western river steamboat has been described as a ‘vanguard of empire’, a technological breakthrough that facilitated the westward expansion of the United States and Canada in the 19th century. The era of steam propulsion began only two hundred years ago, but the earliest western river steamers are still shrouded in mysteries and myths. Although hundreds of boats were built between 1811 and 1850, plans appear to be non-existent, detailed technical descriptions are rare, and reliable...

DOCUMENT Citation Only LisaMarie Malischke.

Fort St. Pierre (1719-1729), located near present-day Vicksburg, Mississippi, was a short-lived and lightly manned frontier fort. Unlike other French forts this post never developed an accompanying settlement since local concessions failed and the workers moved away. The absence of an established mission with a resident missionary, and incursions by English traders into the region compounded the shocks awaiting the soldiers recruited from France. Archaeological evidence reveals that adaptation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Dunnavant.

Keywords: African American, Health, RaceWhen looking at racial health disparities in historic populations, we often focus on differences of race, socio-economic status, and class. While these studies have lead to provocative insights and continue to remain relevant, less attention has been given to disparities within historic African American populations. Applying Celious and Oyserman (2001) Heterogeneous Racial Group Model to a sample population derived from those interred at the Mt. Pleasant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Pollack. Sarah Moffatt. Robert Turner. Robyn Woodward. Sean Adams.

In 1897, three composite-hulled stern-wheel steamboats were prefabricated to common specifications in Ontario for the Canadian Pacific Railway. The vessels were intended for the Stikine River route to the Klondike Gold fields, but only one vessel - Tyrrell - was assembled in BC and moved north before the route collapsed. That ship was redirected into the Yukon River drainage, and eventually abandoned near Dawson City in the Yukon Territory at the end of its career. The components of the other...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timothy Baumann.

In 2004, a tornado passed through Missouri’s Little Dixie region damaging what was thought to be just an early 20th century barn on the Prairie Park Plantation, an 1840s farm that was originally operated with nearly 50 enslaved African Americans. Prairie Park is a privately-owned antebellum plantation on the National Register of Historic Places with extant original brick structures and landscape features including a Georgian planter home, a detached kitchen, and a two room slave quarters. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martijn Van Den Bel.

The excavations at Eva 2 near Malmanoury yielded an important early and late historic ceramic assemblage. Their study reflect the transformation of Amerindian society from the pre-Columbian Late Ceramic Age to modern times which is supported by historical documents and Amerindian oral tradition for the western coastal region of French Guiana. We recognize a high level of cultural continuity until the end of the 19th century ; however, on the one hand, material culture and notably ceramics reveal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brad Botwick.

Although Georgia is usually viewed as an agricultural state, it contains numerous economically significant minerals, many of which were extracted and/or processed on a large scale. To better understand these industries and their archaeological correlates, and to assist in evaluating their significance, Georgia Department of Transportation sponsored a historical context that described the development of mining and quarrying in the state. Among these industries, crushed stone was important in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Natascha Mehler.

Until the 18th century, the Alps of Central Europe had been viewed by the bourgeoisie as a rather hostile border region. In contrast, from the late 18th century ‘purposeless’ Alpinism developed under the influence of the Romantic movement, characterized by an enthusiasm for nature and the ‘mystification’ of the landscape, resulting in a perception of the Alps as the ‘Playground of Europe’. A scientific interest in the Alps simultaneously developed, connected to the Enlightenment. Romantic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only André Miller.

The excavations carried out for three years in Plaisance Park, the cradle of the Lordship of the Petite-Nation, indicate that the remains and artifactual concentrations are associated with three separate houses, wooden houses, presumably piece by piece type. One of these house was clearly more rudimentary building so it is likely the Trading Post or Fort de la Petite-Nation. The second housing coated with plaster walls and structural elements of stone, seems to have been designed for continuous...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Guiry. Bernice Harpley.

Stable isotope-based paleodietary reconstructions are scarcely conducted on faunal remains from historical sites in the New World. We argue that stable isotope applications have significant potential for answering a wide variety of questions about human-animal relations in historical settings. By way of example, we present a case study detailing the first use of stable isotope analyses for the purpose of reconstructing animal husbandry and meat trade during the early development of colonial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Kirk. Corey McQuinn. Benjamin Pykles.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Church) and Hartgen completed excavations at the home of Church founder Joseph Smith, Jr. in Harmony Township, Penna., in advance of a new interpretive center. The visitors’ center incorporates two important properties in Church history: the Smiths’ home (c.1827-1830) where Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon; and, the home and farm of his father-in-law, Isaac Hale (c.1792’1843). A principal goal of the investigation was to gather data in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Pedro Paulo Funari. Lúcio Menezes Ferreira.

Historical archaeology has started in the USA as an endeavor for understanding the Anglo-American experience, but soon the discipline expanded to include the excluded pasts of such groups as African-Americans, Asian-Americans, women and a plethora of groups, interests and subjects. It spread to Latin America early on, first as an imported discipline to be adapted to the subcontinent. Epistemological discussions in the Anglo-Saxon world led to new contentions about the discipline as the study of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only George Hambrecht.

In 2002 Paul Crutzen proposed the term ‘Anthropocene’ for the period in which human action had reached a point where it equaled or outweighed the influence of ‘natural processes’ on Earth’s climate. An increasing number of scholars, when faced with the challenge of how to best utilize research towards understanding and possibly mitigating against the effects of anthropogenic climate change, are arguing that the social sciences need to establish explicit research agendas with the study of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lynda Carroll.

The effects of nationalism on the practice of archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean has been well examined. However, few archaeologists examine late Ottoman period nationalisms as the focus of their research. Yet massive population movements during the 19th and early-20th centuries resulted in new settlement patterns for refugees and resettled groups. Despite a state sponsored ‘Ottomanism’ project aimed at diffusing the resultant ethno-religious tensions, these landscapes became another...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rich Gross. Misty Jackson.

Le Griffon was the first European vessel to sail Lake Michigan. Constructed at the east end of Lake Erie, it sank in 1679, mere months after its launch. The location of the wreck has been a matter of debate for years, and eleven previous wrecks have been purported and disproved to be Le Griffon. This paper examines the historical evidence available concerning the vessel, including its purpose, construction, voyages and cargo. Documentation, including Native American traditions, is presented that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne Garland. Kathleen Fischer. Regina Jacobs. Gleen Sheehan. Anne Jensen. Frederick Brower.

Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc., ARIES, the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, BASC, and the North Slope Borough Risk Management are collaborating to develop and implement a historical ecology model for the North Slope Coastal Region of Alaska. Historical ecology is an applied research program that focuses on interactions of people and their environments. Research applications involve understanding this relationship in both time and space about its accumulated effects....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Dunnavant.

Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc., ARIES, the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, BASC, and the North Slope Borough Risk Management are collaborating to develop and implement a historical ecology model for the North Slope Coastal Region of Alaska. Historical ecology is an applied research program that focuses on interactions of people and their environments. Research applications involve understanding this relationship in both time and space about its accumulated effects....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte Goudge.

Bruker Tracer X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) hand-held laboratory systems have been extensively and effectively used in the past to study ancient glass. However, historical glass does not receive the same amount of attention in current academic enquiry. During the 2013 excavation season at Betty’’s Hope plantation in Antigua, West Indies, a Tracer XRF was used to analyse compositional variations in historic black glass found at the site. Samples were taken from both the Great House and the Still House...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Pavel Vareka. Ladislav Capek. Lukas Holata.

Historical landscape research was traditionally connected with the settlement history approach. Archaeology focused on material evidence completing historical studies of the settlement development (esp. settlement advancement in the Early Middle Ages, settlement transformation, and ‘colonisation’ of uplands in the High Middle Ages) and its decline in the 15th century. The position of archaeology could be seen in localising, dating of deserted components and reconstruction of settlement pattern....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aaron Hamilton.

In May-June 2013, the Battle of the Atlantic Research and Expedition Group partnered with NOAA’s Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to conduct a maritime archaeological survey of the Soviet tanker Ashkhabad, torpedoed and sunk in April 1942 by the German submarine U-402. Before any in-water work commenced, however, a considerable amount of archival research and photographic interpretation was conducted to provide historical context for the survey. This paper will present key findings of this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dr Kolawole Oseni.

At the Pan African Festival held in Algiers in 1969, cultural leaders and decision makers from most of the African countries proclaim that any African cultural policy should enable the people to acquire knowledge and education in order to assume responsibility for their cultural heritage and development. The recent Declaration of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity adopted by General Conference of UNESCO on 2 November 2001 is also borne out of the conviction that culture takes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Annie Dumont. Philippe Moyat. Ronan Steinmann. Marion Foucher.

Between La Charité-sur-Loire and La Chapelle-Montlinard, the Loire River split in two channels forming an island. Looking at the bridges used through time to cross the river at this location, one can determine different stages of construction and destruction. This paper provides a reconstruction of the bridges history over eight centuries based on underwater archeology, building archeology, geoarchaeology data, as well as archival data (text, maps). A first wooden bridge, built in the 13th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only O. Hugo Benavides.

As Eric Hobsbawm expressed ‘the human body was not made for capitalism,’ and yet for over five centuries this particular economic system has adapted itself to the shifting conditions and social structures of innumerable cultures. How does one account for such a pernicious system of exploitation and surplus extraction to have been normalized into a global paradigm? And what are the comparative manners of assessing the ways that capitalism has permeated historical thought, produced ethnic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only P.T. Ashlock II. Daniel Elliott.

Using 21st Century remote sensing technology and a systematic approach, recent archaeological investigations in Georgia have revealed a remarkable collection of animal shoes from the 18th and 19th Century. Among the cultural landscapes of farmsteads and battlefields, lay in context the material culture of the farrier and animal husbandry. This paper seeks to examine the stylistic variations and produce an overview of typological and chronological data through comprehensive material analysis of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna Hayden.

Native American populations living on colonially created and governed reservations, such as the Eastern Pequot in Connecticut, contended with settler and colonial policies and practices on a daily basis in the 18th and 19th centuries, long after «contact.» Using the colonial environment and the inherently spatial restrictions of the Eastern Pequot reservation as frameworks, this paper addresses the daily aspects of Eastern Pequot families living and working within their household spaces during a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chriss Ludin. Charles Dagneau. Marc-André Bernier. Thierry Boyer.

This paper presents fieldwork undertaken by Parks Canada’s Underwater Archaeology Service (UAS) in 2012 on the wreck of a fairly intact 1942 Catalina OA-10 US military aircraft situated in Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan, Québec, near Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve of Canada. This non intrusive survey documented the aircraft on the seabed, its general state of preservation, as well as the extent of sediment levels and the presentation of archaeological remains inside the aircraft. It confirmed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathleen Wheeler.

I will present evidence from the Portsmouth African Burial Ground, as well as two other burial grounds where we found unmarked burials of persons of African descent. I will be speaking about the invisibility of certain groups of people, and how the marginalized have no one to maintain an institutional memory a generation or two down the line, which is how the burials became forgotten and unmarked in modern times. Portsmouth was not only the site of a segregated burial ground but the City to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alberto Nava Blank. Dominique Rissolo. James C. Chatters. Pilar Luna Erreguerena. Susan Bird. Patricia Beddows. Joaquin Arroyo Cabrales. Shanti Morrell-Hart.

The submerged caves of the Yucatan Peninsula have yielded an abundance of archaeological, paleontological, and paleoecological data related to human occupation of the Americas at the end of the last glacial maximum. A relatively well preserved human skeleton found in spatial association with the remains of extinct megafauna in Hoyo Negro presents a promising opportunity for interdisciplinary Paleoamerican research. Investigations have thus far revealed a range of associated features and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Natasha Roy. Najat Bhiry. James Woollett. Ann Delwaide.

In Nunatsiavut, recent studies have shown that major changes of the landscape have occurred over the last centuries. Most of them have been related to climate changes. At the Oakes Bay site located at Dog Island (Nain), we have showed that spruce (Picea sp.) declined after ca. 600 BP and that this decrease coincided with an increase in charcoal. Although the precise cause is not yet known, this decline may be due to the arrival of the Inuit and subsequent wood harvesting and consumption. In...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alasdair Brooks.

This paper is designed as an introduction to the symposium ‘Enfants de la patrie’ on the historical archaeology of national identity and nationalism. The North American and European experiences of nationalism from the 17th century onwards are compared and contrasted with a view towards not just contextualising similarities and differences in the conceptualisation of national identity, but the different archaeological approaches to the subject. As with the session as a whole, the emphasis is on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Agusta Edwald.

In the decade after Lord Acton (1862) wrote that ‘exile is the nursery of nationality’ Iceland experienced its largest exodus. In the last two decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th it is estimated that one in five Icelanders emigrated to North America, at the same time as the country’s independence battle from its Danish colonizers was gaining momentum. In this paper I will explore the connections between the emigration movement and Icelandic nationalism and state formation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Grady.

Smithsonian citizen scientists have surveyed several 18th and 19th century sites using conventional archaeological methods along with a metal detector as a non-invasive way to explore site structure. The mapped metal detector hits we get are used as a proxy for evidence of buildings and help identify and delineate building locations and in relation to one another.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peter Whitridge. Lisa Rankin. Amelia Fay. Alison Harris. Vaughan Grimes.

Dogs have been an integral component of Inuit life through their role in hunting and transportation, companionship and as a food resource. Archaeologically, these roles can be investigated through the gross morphological analysis of dog remains, however, the bones of wolves are also found at Inuit archaeological sites and can be similar in size and shape to those of dogs, making an accurate species identification difficult. This poster presents ongoing research using stable carbon and nitrogen...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin Whitson.

The French presence in the Middle Mississippi River valley has received relatively little attention through archaeological investigation. Outbuildings (as well as those living and/or working within outbuildings) in these French contexts, has received even less reflection and deserves to be addressed to understand more fully what life was like in French North America. First owned by the Janis family in the 1790s, the Janis-Ziegler property was designed to house and sustain both the main family...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonathan Fowler.

The consensus among historians suggests an Acadian national awakening dates to the pre-Deportation period and developed out of shared cultural patterns distinct to the new colonial society. However, the theoretical basis of this interpretation is at best problematic because it fails to take into account significant ‘ and by now mainstream ‘ developments in ethnicity studies. The consensus view also basically ignores the archaeological study of the pre-Deportation Acadian experience. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anja Herzog.

As is by now a well-known fact, cod-fishing enterprises, closely followed by whaling expeditions, were the first attractions that brought Europeans to the north-eastern shores of Canada from the early 1500s onwards. Petit Mécatina Island 3 (Hare Harbor 1, EdBt-3), a whaling and cod-fishing site discovered in 2001, is so far one of the few sites of this type known on that particular stretch of Québec’s Lower North Shore. It has been subject to continuous excavations on land and under water ever...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jim Woollett.

This presentation makes use of environmental archaeology data accumulated in the course of fieldwork in the Dog Island region of Nunatsiavut to reflect on the spatial structure and social dynamics of Inuit winter settlement and land use. Analyses of substantial faunal assemblages recovered from the sites of Oakes Bay 1 (HeCg-08), Koliktalik Island 6 (HdCg-23), Itibliarsuk (HdCg-56) amongst others, permit the detailed reconstruction of seals taken by hunters and consumed by households and,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stéphanie Lavallée.

Determination of sex in the study of human remains is crucial. It is not only necessary for the assessment of other demographic features, like age and stature, but is also imperative in interpretative research on paleodemography or paleopathology. This paper will present the results of an analysis carried on more than 200 individuals of different origins and periods. The analysis tested the visual method proposed in the standards of Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and particularly, the degree of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Miguel Luque-Talaván.

Every discovery, conquest and colonization, involves a transformation in societies which are the mark of these processes. Philippines, in that sense, was no exception. Its discovery by Iberian nautas occurred during the first voyage of circumnavigation around the globe (1519-1522). But his conquest was initiated until many decades later.If the study of this phenomenon may provide numerous possibilities for reflection, not least provides the detailed analysis of the impact on this first...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne-Marie Faucher.

The island of Barbuda, located in the Lesser Antilles, was mostly governed by the British Codrington family who lived both on and off the island between the 17th and 19th centuries. Historical documents confirm that Barbuda’s English settlers had a primarily European diet imported from Britain and American colonies. Other than cotton, few European and local plant species are documented to have been successfully cultivated on Barbuda. Analyses of seeds, phytoliths and starch grains from a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth McCague. Liza Gijanto.

The village of Berefet in the Gambia, West Africa was once the site of a British run out-factory used during the Atlantic trade from the 17th to 18th centuries and continued to exist following colonial occupation of the settlement in the 19th century. This poster will address ceramic manufacture at the site using collections recovered in 2010 and 2012 as part of archaeological investigations under the direction of Dr. Liza Gijanto. The low-fired earthenware ceramics will be analyzed to compare...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Gibb. Scott Lawrence. Valerie M.J. Hall. Fr. Brian Sanderfoot.

Through institutions, neighborhoods become communities. Religious, educational, governmental, and social organizations provide structured relationships. They express commonly held goals and values, and are endowed with varying degrees of authority and power. But institutions do not follow a common developmental trajectory. The discovery of the 1662 Jesuit chapel of St. Francis Xavier in St. Mary’s County, Maryland, plays an integral role in the examination of the most basic difference among...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Danny Schmidt.

Numerous early James Fort period features backfilled shortly after the winter of 1609-1610 have shed light on the troubles the colonists faced. The faunal assemblages from these features coupled with the historic record reveal what food resources were and weren’t available. Recent scientific studies focusing on the terrestrial and marine environment in and around Jamestown have further advanced our knowledge of the starving time. This presentation aims to explain how and why the colonists...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Isabelle Duval.

Several indicators may suggest that the Cap-Rouge Colony have tried to exploit certain minerals resources at its establishment. Stones such as pyrite, quartz and sandstone were studied to further the use of minerals by the French in the mid-16th century. Historical and archaeological data will be compared to better understand the beginnings of the development of mining resources in the Quebec region.

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Spirek.

The War of 1812 along the South Carolina seacoast consisted of British Royal Navy attacks on American shipping plying coastal waters, plundering sea island plantations, and blockading the port cities of Georgetown, Charleston, and Beaufort. In an effort to protect American commerce and coastal populations from British depredations, United States naval forces patrolled coastal and offshore waters and engaged the enemy in ship-to-ship actions and in small boat skirmishes. As a result of these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Wilson.

The Blackwater River in Santa Rosa County, Florida, is host to many (at least 20 as of the writing of this paper) ship sites, as well as materials related to maritime infrastructure scattered throughout, much of which relates to Pensacola’s historic brick and lumber industry. Since the 1980s, the University of West Florida and Florida’s Bureau of Archaeological Research have been documenting these sites, which are generally well preserved as a result of low-speed hydrodynamics and high content...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephen Damm.

The Liberty Hyde Bailey Museum (LHBM), situated along the shores of Lake Michigan, is dedicated to Liberty Hyde Bailey, Jr., a noted progressive agriculturalist in the early twentieth-century. While discussions of his later life center around his championing of farm reforms in the New Deal and advocating new methods of agricultural production, the LHBM focuses on his childhood in South Haven, Michigan-especially his early views of nature and agriculture found in writings. The Bailey’s, however,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Renee Willmon.

The Kleinburg ossuary is a protohistoric ossuary excavated in 1970 by the University of Toronto. The skeletal collection comprises a minimum of 561 individuals who are ancestral to the Huron-Wendat. The collection represents an ideal study population to test bioarchaeological questions due to the associated ethnohistoric records, as well as previous osteological, stable isotopic, and paleoethnobotanical studies.Described as two of the most common pathological conditions observed in human...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Giovanna Vitelli.

From the late 17th century until relatively recent times, the Native settlements of the Abenaki corridor of northern New England and Québec were host to flows of Indians displaced from increasingly repopulated coastal regions. These small groups cycled through Native settlements, territories, and missions, making connections through kin and links to homelands. The documentary record for these movements is variable, and is particularly affected by contemporary colonial perceptions of marginality:...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason Mancini.

The Indian Mariners Project explores the history of and ongoing relationship between Native people and the sea. A principal goal of the project is to create and share with public, school, and academic audiences a series of digital maps revealing the dynamic social networks and global traveling histories of American Indian mariners during the 19th century. This project research is grounded in a rich and accessible archival record relating to the active commercial Yankee whalefishery and Indian...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Russell Palmer.

The Indian Mariners Project explores the history of and ongoing relationship between Native people and the sea. A principal goal of the project is to create and share with public, school, and academic audiences a series of digital maps revealing the dynamic social networks and global traveling histories of American Indian mariners during the 19th century. This project research is grounded in a rich and accessible archival record relating to the active commercial Yankee whalefishery and Indian...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine Lavier. Nicolas Lira.

This research is presented as a study of indigenous navigation and their boats (dugouts and plankboats) for the north Patagonia lakes region, and as an effort to systematize the findings on this subject that are spread and out of context in this area, with the aim of contributing to an understanding of the practices and technologies of indigenous sailing tradition and origin. The taxa identification (wood anatomy), typology and morphology, traceology (tool traces, manufacture and use wears), as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Bratten. Rebecca Booker-DeMonbreun.

During the early 20th century, industrious woodsmen conducted extensive logging operations in Northwest Florida’s wetlands to harvest cypress. Man-made canals and timber drag lines radiating like the spokes of a wagon wheel are still visible from the air and in the swamps today. Archaeological survey conducted in and along the banks of the Escambia River reveals not only the extent of the operations, but also the submerged remains of small lumber «barges» and what are interpreted as floating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Flordeliz Bugarin.

During the early nineteenth century, the British established the Fort Willshire Trade Fairs in South Africa. To study the effects of trade and interaction between the Xhosa and the British, excavations were conducted on the former trade fair grounds near the entrance of the fort. Initial expectations of the archaeological record anticipated an array of small finds, deposits related to the diets of transitory traders, and material remains connected to those living in the fort. Through the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stéphane Noël.

In the tidal marshlands of Nova Scotia, Acadian settlers were able to keep large herds of livestock, feeding them on readily available salt-marsh hay. Censuses from the 17th and 18th centuries indicate that many families were raising much more animals than what they needed for their subsistence. Acadian farmers could sell their cattle, for example, to New England merchants or to the colonists and soldiers at Louisbourg, in exchange for money or necessities. Integrated with historical sources...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Doug Hrvoic. Joseph Boyce.

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are ideal platforms for geophysical survey of underwater archaeological sites, as they are capable of high-resolution navigation and can be deployed under any sea state. Magnetometers have been difficult to integrate with AUVs because of the strong magnetic fields produced by AUV motors and ferro-metallic components. In this study, an Explorer Overhauser total-field magnetometer was mated to an Iver2 AUV, creating the first practical and commercially...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dana Best-Mizsak.

The Walhain-Saint-Paul Project in Belgium, founded in 1998 as a partnership between the Centre de Recherches d’Archéologie Nationale in Belgium and Eastern Illinois University as an archaeological field school, seeks to promote not just archaeology, but also historic preservation to our students and the surrounding community. A protected site since the 1980’s, the 12th century castle has been preserved for further study and cultural heritage. Field schools provide us with teaching...