The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 13, Volume 1: Introduction and Small Sites

Part of the Roosevelt Community Development Study-Center for Desert Archaeology (DRAFT) project

Author(s): Mark D. Elson; Deborah L. Swartz

Year: 1994

Summary

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Desert Archaeology, Inc. to complete the research for this investigation.

The RCD study involved involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in a four-mile continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River, in the lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona.The Center for Desert Archaeology's Anthropological Papers No. 13 consists of two report volumes that present project background and provide descriptive information on the excavation and testing of sites in the project area. These reports include site and feature descriptions, site and feature maps, general artifact data, and preliminary interpretations of the individual sites.

Volume 1: Introduction and Small Sites (Anthroplogical Papers No. 13) presents project background and provides descriptive information on the excavation and testing of the small sites in the project area. Volume 2 describes work at the larger sites of Meddler Point, Griffin Wash, and Pyramid Point.

Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and likely cultural diversity. These include two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites), a 100-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site), smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site), and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic Horizon (A.D. 100-600) at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin, and it provides definitive evidence for an indigenous pre-Hohokam population. The project area was the most intensively inhabited during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, large pueblos, and small masonry compounds were occupied. It was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites.

Cite this Record

The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 13, Volume 1: Introduction and Small Sites. Mark D. Elson, Deborah L. Swartz. Anthropological Papers ,13. Tucson, Arizona: Center for Desert Archaeology. 1994 ( tDAR id: 378205) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8QJ7J5W

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Keywords

Culture
Ancestral Puebloan • Hohokam • Salado

Material
Ceramic • Fauna • Ground Stone • Human Remains • Macrobotanical • Pollen • Shell • Wood

Site Name
AR-03-12-06-1001(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1002(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1045(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1537(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1538(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1539(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1540(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1541(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1542(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1543(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1544(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1545(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1547(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1548(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1605(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-1606(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-192(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-193(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-2029(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-2041(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-2088(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-217(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-25(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-26(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-29(USFS) • AR-03-12-06-96(USFS) • AZ V:5:1(ASM) • AZ V:5:100(ASM) • AZ V:5:101(ASM) • AZ V:5:103(ASM) • AZ V:5:104(ASM) • AZ V:5:105(ASM) • AZ V:5:106(ASM) • AZ V:5:107(ASM) • AZ V:5:110(ASM) • AZ V:5:122(ASM) • AZ V:5:123(ASM) • AZ V:5:131(ASM) • AZ V:5:176(ASM) • AZ V:5:177(ASM) • AZ V:5:178(ASM) • AZ V:5:189(ASM) • AZ V:5:4(ASM) • AZ V:5:90(ASM) • AZ V:5:91(ASM) • AZ V:5:92(ASM) • AZ V:5:93(ASM) • AZ V:5:94(ASM) • AZ V:5:95(ASM) • AZ V:5:96(ASM) • AZ V:5:97(ASM) • AZ V:5:98(ASM) • AZ V:5:99(ASM) • Eagle Ridge • Griffin Wash • Hedge Apple • Las Manos • Meddler Point • Porcupine • Pyramid Point Show More

Site Type
Archaeological Feature • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Domestic Structures • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Hamlet / Village • Hearth • Midden • Pit • Pit House / Earth Lodge • Platform Mound • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Settlements

Investigation Types
Data Recovery / Excavation • Site Evaluation / Testing

Geographic Keywords
Pinto Creek • Roosevelt Lake • Salt River • Sierra Ancha • Theodore Roosevelt Dam • Tonto Basin

Temporal Keywords
Ash Creek Phase • Colonial Period • Early Ceramic Horizon • Gila Butte Phase • Gila Phase • Hohokam Classic period • Hohokam pre-Classic period • Miami Phase • Roosevelt Phase • Sacaton Phase • Sedentary Period

Temporal Coverage

Calendar Date: 100 to 1350

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.013; min lat: 33.619 ; max long: -110.926; max lat: 33.674 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Contributor(s): Jeffery J. Clark; Douglas B. Craig; Alan Ferg; Michael Lindeman; Brenda G. Randolph

Principal Investigator(s): William Doelle

Project Director(s): Douglas Craig; Mark Elson; Deborah Swartz

Landowner(s): US Forest Service, Tonto National Forest

Sponsor(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Permitting Agency(s): US Forest Service, Tonto National Forest

Repository(s): Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University

Prepared By(s): Center for Desert Archaeology

Submitted To(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Record Identifiers

Bureau of Reclamation Contract No.(s): 1-CS-32-01220

Notes

Redaction Note: In the public version of the report: Figure 1.2 has been redacted due to the level of detail it contains about site locations. Detailed site features in Figures 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 and 6.4 have been retained, but geographical information has been redacted.

File Information

  Name Size Creation Date Date Uploaded Access
Introduction-and-Small-Sites_Redacted.pdf 15.34mb Sep 26, 2018 11:52:21 AM Public
In the public version of the report: Figure 1.2 has been redacted due to the level of detail it contains about site locations. Detailed site features in Figures 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 and 6.4 have been retained, but geographical information has been redacted.
Introduction-and-Small-Sites.pdf 13.20mb Jul 25, 2017 2:48:04 PM Confidential

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Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

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