PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A pestle from CA-MNT-1504 and a handstone from CA-MNT-1487 were selected for study using pollen, starch, and/or protein residue analysis to identify foods processed. Both sites are described as unstratified middens with Ohlone/Costanoan affiliations in Monterey County.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Groundstone artifacts from sites 35KL01111 and 0601020407SI near Davis Lake in the Deschutes National Forest of central Oregon were analyzed for pollen and starches to determine possible plant resources processed with these tools. Additionally, a soil control sample was submitted from site 0601020407SI. A chopper from site 35KL01111 was analyzed for possible protein residues. Protein residues from an artifact's surface can provide information concerning animal resources that were utilized.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A total of 20 lithic artifacts from the Raker I site, 36Nb58, in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, were analyzed for possible protein residues to provide information concerning animal resources that might have been hunted/processed using these tools. A possible milling stone found in the fill of a deep, silo-shaped pit also was washed for pollen and starches to determine if plants were ground using this tool. The majority of these artifacts represent a late Middle Archaic to early Late...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Several ground stone samples from the Beatty Curve site (35KL95) in south central Oregon were submitted for pollen, starch, and protein residue analyses. This site is located on Oregon Highway 140 in Klamath County. Pollen, starch, and protein residue analyses were used to gain subsistence information concerning plant and animal utilization, as well as provide an understanding of seasonal site occupation

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A mano fragment and a metate fragment from Site CA-SD 1-7199 for the Salt Creek Ranch Project, as well as an overturned metate from Site CA-SDI-7976 for the Eastlake III Woods Project, were examined for pollen, starch, and possible protein residues. Both sites are believed to be Late Archaic temporary processing sites in southern San Diego County. Pollen, starch, and protein residue analyses are used to provide information concerning plant and possible animal resources processed using these...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Water Authority Site (36WH1619) reflects a series of small prehistoric camps situated on the T1 terrace of the North Branch of Pigeon Creek south of I-70 in the Waynesburg Hills Section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province, Washington County, Pennsylvania. Rock cluster features and artifacts, including bifacial and cobble/pebble tools, and debitage, likely reflect occupations dating between the Late Archaic through Late Woodland/Late Prehistoric periods. Activities at the site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A sandstone mano, recovered from Shelter C in the Trinchera Cave Archaeological District, was submitted for pollen and starch analysis to determine its use. A small concentration of blue pigment observed on the mano surface was the subject of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen analysis of samples from Kuck Rock Shelter, site 5RB3157, in northwestern Colorado focuses on examination of hearths, ash pits, a mano, and several clay chinking fragments. This study provides a base framework for examination of prehistoric vegetation and Fremont resource use through pollen analysis. Macrofloral samples were examined from the lower fill of a clay-lined hearth to identify economic activity associated with this feature. A single pollen sample was collected from the use...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Laura Buethel.

Pollen analysis of samples from Kuck Rock Shelter, site 5RB3157, in northwestern Colorado focuses on examination of hearths, ash pits, a mano, and several clay chinking fragments. This study provides a base framework for examination of prehistoric vegetation and Fremont resource use through pollen analysis. Macrofloral samples were examined from the lower fill of a clay-lined hearth to identify economic activity associated with this feature. A single pollen sample was collected from the use...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen analysis of samples from Kuck Rock Shelter, site 5RB3157, in northwestern Colorado focuses on examination of hearths, ash pits, a mano, and several clay chinking fragments. This study provides a base framework for examination of prehistoric vegetation and Fremont resource use through pollen analysis. Macrofloral samples were examined from the lower fill of a clay-lined hearth to identify economic activity associated with this feature. A single pollen sample was collected from the use...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A total of 24 samples from site 45KI717 were submitted for archaeobotanical and paleoenvironmental analyses. This site is located within the Muckleshoot Indian Reservation on the Enumclaw Plateau, King County, Washington. Cultural materials are present from the ground surface down to the upper bounding surface of the Osceola Mudflow, dating to about 5700 cal years BP. This site was discovered as a result of highway improvement activities. Historic activities as well as natural processes...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

In 2001, a bulk sediment sample from a burned rock (hearth) midden at site 5LA5840 in southeast Colorado was examined for pollen, starches, and macrofloral remains. This midden is located adjacent to Rockshelter 1 and contains lithic debitage, a few burned bone fragments, ceramic sherds, and a large amount of fire-cracked rock. A knife from the burned rock midden also was analyzed for possible protein residues to determine animal resources that might have been processed with the knife. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from the Bon Site, 35DS608, in central Oregon were examined for pollen, starch granules, macrofloral remains, and/or possible protein residues. This site is a multicomponent prehistoric camp, and the majority of the artifacts sent for analysis are of a type dating to the Middle Holocene. Eleven pieces of groundstone and one soil sample were submitted for pollen analysis to determine plants processed at this site. Soil from the modern surface and from a column in the main excavation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

In 2001, a bulk sediment sample from a burned rock (hearth) midden at site 5LA5840 in southeast Colorado was examined for pollen, starches, and macrofloral remains. This midden is located adjacent to Rockshelter 1 and contains lithic debitage, a few burned bone fragments, ceramic sherds, and a large amount of fire-cracked rock. A knife from the burned rock midden also was analyzed for possible protein residues to determine animal resources that might have been processed with the knife. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Samples from the fill of fire-altered rock and shell features at Site CA-SDI-4281 in southern California near the Mexican border were examined for pollen, starches, and macrofloral remains. In addition, pollen/starch samples were recovered from a column through a single 120 cm deep unit. Three groundstone and three projectile points were analyzed for the presence of protein and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Conventional radiocarbon dates...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Sourdough II Site (48SW19464) is located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming in the northern portion of the Great Divide Basin. The site is situated on a peninsula that juts onto a dry playa lake bed. Sediment samples collected from house pit and hearth feature fill were submitted for pollen, starch, and/or FTIR analysis, along with a metate/comal that was submitted for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Archaeobotanical and organic residue analysis was conducted on a metate, mano, two lithic artifacts, and associated soil controls from sites 42SA21484 and 42SA24114, located in San Juan County, Utah. Site 42SA21484 is an Archaic period lithic scatter, and site 42SA24114 is an Early Archaic lithic quarry and lithic scatter with a historic component. The project area lies within two vegetation communities, the pinyon-juniper woodland and the sagebrush community. Pollen, phytolith, organic residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from two cesspool features at the historic Hudson Avenue Site in Glens Falls, New York, were examined for pollen, starch, parasites, and macrofloral remains (Table 1). A deposit of seeds from a trash pit also was submitted for identification. This site represents a mid 19th- century neighborhood occupied mainly by working French-Canadian residents.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter.

Samples were collected from yard areas, privies, and a possible garden area at Dunlap Village, site 36Fa480, in southwest Pennsylvania. This site is an historic miners village dating to the early 20th century and consisting mainly of two-family house and privy remnants. The majority of the yard samples were examined for pollen/starches and parasites, although five yard samples from House Lot 5 also were examined for macrofloral remains. Pollen/starch, parasite, and macrofloral analyses were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples were collected from yard areas, privies, and a possible garden area at Dunlap Village, site 36Fa480, in southwest Pennsylvania. This site is an historic miners village dating to the early 20th century and consisting mainly of two-family house and privy remnants. The majority of the yard samples were examined for pollen/starches and parasites, although five yard samples from House Lot 5 also were examined for macrofloral remains. Pollen/starch, parasite, and macrofloral analyses were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

The Dickerson Street Historic Site was excavated as part of the Clinton Street CSO Abatement Project in Syracuse, New York. Several historic features were recovered at this site, including a possible wood-lined privy measuring 18 feet north-south, about 10 feet eastwest, and 11 feet deep. This feature contains fill suggestive of either a privy or backyard trash debris. Two samples were collected from the possible privy deposits. Pollen, starch, parasite, and macrofloral analyses were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Sediment samples were collected from a bone bed and an outhouse at the Evanston Chinatown historic site (48UT1749) in southwest Wyoming. These samples were examined for evidence of pollen and starch granules that might identify both modern vegetation and food, for parasite eggs that might indicate parasite infestation, and for protein residues to identify possible animal proteins present in the sediments. The sample from an outhouse pit also was floated to recover macrofloral evidence of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from three archaeological sites were examined for pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. A single sample from a probable historic trench privy at Fort Thornburgh in northeast Utah was examined for pollen, starch, and parasites to detect evidence of foods consumed, as well as the possibility that parasite eggs were present. Two samples from 42Da1005, a dual component site with occupations dating from the Archaic and Fremont periods, were examined for pollen, starch and macrofloral...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Aztec Ruins National Monument is the largest ancestral Puebloan community in the Animas River Valley. Several multi-story buildings, smaller structures, and kivas represent residential and ceremonial structures. Room 225 in West Ruin, a great house, contained numerous coprolites, six of which were sent to PaleoResearch Institute. Of these six coprolites, in order to remain within budgetary limits, three were selected for analysis that included finding and identifying macrofloral remains, pollen,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

A soil sample from Feature 1, Level 13, at the Sagehen Gap Site in southeastern Oregon was submitted for a suite of archaeobotanic analyses with the intention of identifying the origin of this feature and obtaining charcoal for dating. Four fluted points have been recovered at this site, and debitage was found in association with the gray colored, possibly ashy sample submitted for analysis. It is thought that this feature might represent a burned area, as the bedrock immediately below is...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two sediment samples from a privy located in Chinatown at Butte, Montana, were examined for pollen, starches, parasites, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. The samples were recovered from the bottom fill of an outhouse pit designated Feature 5. The outhouse dates presumably to about 1902, the initial occupation of Chinatown. Records suggest that the outhouse was in use for 20-25 years. Pollen, starch, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide subsistence information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A coprolite fragment recovered near a midden at the Eagle Point Shelter (site 5RB4662) in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, was submitted for pollen, starch, parasite, phytolith, macrofloral, protein residue, and organic residue analyses, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). An AMS radiocarbon date was obtained on botanic material recovered during macrofloral analysis. The fecal material fell from an area above the midden into an excavated portion of the feature. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A single Latte period pottery sherd from an archaeological deposit at Susupe, Saipan was submitted for pollen, starch and phytolith analysis of the charred residue on the interior (Table 1). In addition, organic residues that had penetrated the ceramic fabric were identified using an FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Thirteen sediment samples were submitted for combined pollen, starch, phytolith, and calcium oxalate analysis in an effort to identify the presence of mesquite at any of the six archaeological sites examined (26CK5986, 26CK6001, 26CK5984, 26CK1285, 26CK1138, and 26CK1120). Although all sites share the common goal of finding evidence of mesquite, the features sampled vary by site. At 26CK1120, two cleared circles were of the type that knowledgeable Native Americans indicate might have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Thirteen sediment samples were submitted for combined pollen, starch, phytolith, and calcium oxalate analysis in an effort to identify the presence of mesquite at any of the six archaeological sites examined (26CK5986, 26CK6001, 26CK5984, 26CK1285, 26CK1138, and 26CK1120). Although all sites share the common goal of finding evidence of mesquite, the features sampled vary by site. At 26CK1120, two cleared circles were of the type that knowledgeable Native Americans indicate might have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Fill from an unlined pit hearth at the Falling Cow site near the town of Saratoga in southcentral Wyoming was submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses. These analyses will be used to provide information concerning plant resources that might have been processed in the hearth. Charcoal recovered from the sample also was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Soil from a slab-lined circular feature at Site 42WS2864 in Zion Canyon, southwest Utah, was sampled for pollen, starches, phytoliths, and charred macrofloral remains. This feature is believed to be a roasting pit, and a corrugated sherd suggests use by the Virgin Anasazi during the late Pueblo II period. Pollen, starch, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses are used to address subsistence and environment.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Ceramic sherds belonging to a single vessel from the Sue site (5JA421), Jackson County, Colorado, were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and organic residue analyses to identify the materials the vessel had contained. Several of the ceramic sherds submitted for analysis had been labeled with “white out”, ink, and fingernail polish. These products contaminate the fabric of the ceramic sherd, making it impossible to obtain a signature of the organic residues contained in the ceramics....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The 2008 Albany Pine Restoration Project (HAA 4095-31) is located in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve in Albany County, New York. A rough stone tool was recovered from a test pit at the site and was examined for pollen, starches, phytoliths, and organic residues, the latter using the FTIR. Pollen, starch, and phytolith analysis will be used to provide subsistence information concerning plant resources utilized by the occupants of this site. FTIR analysis will be used to provide information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The Copperhead site (3CW951), located on a terrace above Frog Bayou between Lake Fort Smith and Lake Shepherd Springs in Crawford County, Arkansas, represents the Middle and Late Woodland and Mississippian periods (AD 819-842 and AD 860-1299). The site is an open-air, multi-functional habitation site. A pottery sherd (2151-4-1) was recovered from the base fill of a round, rock-lined thermal pit/hearth (Feature 134) and was examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Residue from a tubular pipe associated with a human burial from the Falls Creek Rockshelter site (5LP1434) was examined for pollen, starch grains, phytoliths, and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). These analyses are used to detect microscopic and molecular remains from plant and animal resources that might have been smoked and/or packed in the pipe for burial.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Fire cracked rock (FCR) and one groundstone mano was submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis. These artifacts were submitted from Fort Bliss project excavations, located in El Paso County, Texas. The goal of this study is to better understand plant and animal resource utilization associated features and tools from these various sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Residue from a stone pipe associated with a human burial at the Darkmold Site near Durango, Colorado was examined for pollen, starch, and phytolith remains, as well as organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Organic residue analysis is used to detect molecular remains from plant and animal resources that might have been smoked and/or packed in the pipe for burial.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two sherds that exhibited visible, charred residue were sampled for microscopic remains that included pollen, starch, and phytoliths and a chemical signature that might inform concerning the foods that were cooked in the vessel that it represented. These sherds were part of a reconstructable vessel. Trapper Cliff Shelter is located in south central Cassia County in south central Idaho. The sherds were recovered from an undisturbed context within the shelter.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Artifacts and feature fill sediment samples were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith and organic residue (FTIR) analysis from the Prison Site (42SL186), located in the southern end of the Salt Lake Valley. Previous analysis of a buried hearth feature yielded a radiocarbon date of 3,040 years BP, making it one of the earliest dated sites in the Salt Lake Valley. The samples submitted for analysis originate from a variety of depths and locations across the site. During the course of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Wilson #3 (46HY101), located along the floodplain of the South Branch of the Potomac River, represents the Early Woodland through early Middle Woodland periods. A ceramic sherd was recovered and was submitted for pollen, starch, phytoliths, and organic residue analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollen, starch and phytolith analysis will be used to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the occupants of this site. FTIR analysis will...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Stone tools from two sites within the Rollins Pass study area were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and protein residue analyses. The study area lies along the Continental Divide west of the city of Nederland, Colorado. This area is known for its extensive complex of game drive systems. Two ground stone tools, a mano and metate from site 5BL121, were submitted for pollen, starch, and protein residue analyses. An edge-ground mano recovered from site 5BL184 was submitted for protein...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Kathryn Puseman.

Six ceramic sherds from the Levee (12D363) and Keller (12D509) sites in Dearborn County, Indiana, were submitted for ceramic and organic residue analyses. Also submitted for phytolith, starch, and organic residue analyses were fill samples recovered from multiple layers of nine thermal features at the sites, including pit hearths and hearth dumps. Control samples associated with each feature also were examined for phytoliths and organic residues. In addition, charred parenchymous tissue samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Samples from features at Corn Creek, site 26CK2605, in the Corn Creek Field Station, Desert National Wildlife Refuge in Clark County, southern Nevada, were submitted for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral (including charcoal identification), and organic residue analyses. Organic residues were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Charred remains recovered from the macrofloral samples were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. This site is very large and contains numerous loci and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

A basket and ceramic vessel cache were discovered on a small sheltered ledge under a small overhang in broken sandstone ledges below the crest between Miller Canyon and Muddy Creek in east-central Utah. Multiple analyses were conducted in an effort to identify any contents cached in the vessel or to identify what the vessel had been used for.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

A variety of samples were examined at two separate times (2007 and 2009) from sites 5DA1656 and 5DA2703 at the Reuter-Hess Reservoir, central Colorado. Pollen/starch analysis was conducted on sediment samples, ceramic sherds, and metate fragments. The ceramic sherds and metate fragments also were examined for phytoliths and for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Fill from hearths at each site were floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. Charcoal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

In 2006 four combination pollen/starch, phytolith, parasite, and macrofloral samples were examined from the fill within two historic privies and one historic wooden cistern (possible privy) at the Parking Lot C project area associated with the proposed Federal Courthouse Complex in Buffalo, New York. Pollen/starch, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will provide information concerning foods eaten by the historic site occupants, trash deposited in the features, and plants growing in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. David V. Hill. R.A. Varney.

Three ground stone artifacts collected at the Akers Ferry site (23SH23), located in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, were examined to obtain information concerning plants and/or animals that might have been processed using these tools. This multi-component site contains features, a midden, and lithic and ceramic artifacts reflecting occupations from the early Archaic through Missippian Traditions. Each ground stone was large enough to dedicate a portion of the surface to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

A pestle from the High Bar Cache site (10IH3488) in Hells Canyon, Idaho, was submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, protein, and organic residue analyses. The sample was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). An AMS radiocarbon date of 525 ± 15 RCYBP had previously been obtained for fragments of inner cedar bark from a woven mat and a large bundle of bark included with this cache (Puseman 2010). Pollen, starch, phytolith, protein, and organic residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 37 stone artifacts from sites HhOu 70, HhOu 94, HhOu 95, HhOv 378, HhOv 380, HhOv 381, HhOv 384, HhOv 385, HhOv 387, HhOv 431, and HhOv 432 of the FMA 145503S MI07 Project located in northeastern Alberta, Canada, were submitted for analysis. These artifacts were subjected to pollen, starch, phytolith, protein residue, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis, depending on their likely function. The goal of this study is to better understand possible plant and animal remains that may have...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Groundstone, utilized flakes, and sediment samples from sites FB 223 and FB 9153 on the Fort Bliss Military Installation in Dona Ana County, El Paso, Texas were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, protein, and organic residue analysis. Organic residues are identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The primary goal for analyzing these artifacts is recovery of evidence of food processing.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

The Union Pacific Strauss Railroad Yard data recovery project examined numerous sites in the deflated sand sheet environment near Teresa, New Mexico. Coppice dunes and regular surfaces are both present in the study area. Numerous artifacts and sediment samples were examined from twenty-one sites (LA26765, LA103960, LA103961, LA129533, LA129534, LA129535, LA129538, LA129543, LA129544, LA129545, LA160121, LA160123, LA160124, LA160125, LA160126, LA160127, LA160128, LA160131, LA160132, LA160137, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Surface scrapings from the interior of a Fremont grayware cooking vessel were examined for pollen, starches, and phytoliths in an effort to determine the food or foods cooked. In addition, two residue samples were collected and examined from the interior of a large parching tray. Structural elements of this parching tray also were identified. These samples are part of the Pectol Collection consisting of Formative (Fremont) and Late Prehistoric artifacts that were collected by a private...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Pollen, phytolith, starch, and protein residue analyses were conducted on artifacts recovered in association with burials at site CA-ORA-263 in southern California, as well as on the soil control samples associated with these artifacts collected from midden sediments. An isolated basin metate at site CA-ORA-264 and a soil control from the basin fill also were examined for pollen, starches, phytoliths, and possible protein residues. These analyses were undertaken to be able to more fully...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Three hopper mortar bases from the Logan Valley in Malheur National Forest, Oregon, were washed to recover pollen, starches, phytoliths, and protein residues in order to determine what types of resources might have been processed with these tools. Soil samples associated with each hopper mortar were processed and examined to serve as controls. The Logan Valley Aspen Grove site is located in this valley and produced one of the mortar bases for analysis. A variety of artifacts have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

Oral tradition on the Island of Hawai'i relays a story of the hunting of birds from their nesting grounds inside lava blister pits. A soil sample from the cavity of a lava blister pit on the Island of Hawai'i was examined microscopically for pollen, starch, phytoliths, feathers, and tested for nitrogen and phosphates.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Artifacts from burial and burnt rock features at site CA-LAN-254 in southern California were analyzed for pollen, starches, phytoliths, and/or protein residues. Botanic remains picked from floated soil samples also were submitted for identification. This site is located near the city of Chatsworth in inland Los Angeles County, on the border with Ventura County. It is a large residential base with an extensive burnt rock midden, abundant roasting pits, and an associated Native American...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Excavations of historic features located on Blocks 10 and 15 for the 2nd Avenue Columbus, Georgia, site yielded samples that were examined for pollen, starch, phytoliths, and/or macrofloral remains to provide information concerning plants processed and used. Parasite analysis of possible privy fill will lend insight into the health of the historic site occupants. The temporal focus for this study is approximately 1828 to the 1860s. One specific question to be addressed by these analyses is...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

The Albany Family Courts lie at an elevation of 60-65 feet above mean sea level and overlook the Hudson River to the east and Fox Creek valley to the south. European settlers have occupied the site since the second half of the 1700s, although Albany was settled by the Dutch in the early 1600s. Feature 17, a circular stone well, was later used as a privy. Two combination pollen, starch, phytolith, and macrofloral samples were collected and examined from fill within the privy to identify...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two possible groundstone tools and three fire-cracked rocks (FCR) were submitted for pollen, starch grain, protein residue and/or organic residue (FTIR) analysis from site 24HL1085, located in the Bear’s Paw Mountains of north-central Montana. This site is situated on a low and narrow terrace overlooking the East Fork of Beaver Creek in Hill County, and the samples submitted are part of on-going work in the area. The goal of the current analysis is to determine what animals and plants might have...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Jammi L. Ladwig. Jennifer L.B. Milligan. Chad Yost.

Site CA-SAC-15/H, a large longer-term habitation site, is located in Sacramento County, California adjacent to the Sacramento River and backwater areas in the Central Valley Region. Radiocarbon dates from the site fall between Cal 310 and 1490 BP. Samples representing shaped clay, basket-impressed clay, and flaked lithics from the site were submitted in 2010 for starch, protein, and organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Additional shaped clay, flaked...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Two fire broken rock fragments and an associated sediment sample were submitted for organic residue analysis, along with three bison bone fragments for AMS radiocarbon dating, and a single lithic tool for protein analysis from site FjPi-162, Alberta, Canada. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine organic residues from the fire broken rock and sediment samples. Organic residue analysis was performed first on the two fire broken rock samples to determine if they were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen/starch, macrofloral, charcoal, and botanic samples were examined from slab-lined pits at ten sites in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, south-central Utah. These sites are part of the 2001 Brigham Young University Grand Staircase-Escalante Big Flat Survey. The BYU research effort focused on the upper Escalante drainage during the Late Holocene, from about 2000 to 500 years ago. During this time, farming was developed and utilized, then eventually disappeared. Both...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from six sites in the Freedom Mine Area 2 North, Mercer County, North Dakota, were submitted for pollen/starch, macrofloral, charcoal identification, and/or protein residue analyses. These six sites contain stone rings and are believed to represent habitation sites. Pollen and/or macrofloral analysis of hearth fill samples from sites 32ME264 and 32ME717 will be used to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the prehistoric occupants of these sites. Charcoal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from six sites in the Freedom Mine Area 2 North, Mercer County, North Dakota, were submitted for pollen/starch, macrofloral, charcoal identification, and/or protein residue analyses. These six sites contain stone rings and are believed to represent habitation sites. Pollen and/or macrofloral analysis of hearth fill samples from sites 32ME264 and 32ME717 will be used to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the prehistoric occupants of these sites. Charcoal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

Four combination pollen/starch, phytolith, parasite, and macrofloral samples were examined from the fill within two historic privies and one historic wooden cistern (possible privy) at the Parking Lot C project area associated with the proposed Federal Courthouse Complex in Buffalo, New York. Pollen/starch, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will provide information concerning foods eaten by the historic site occupants, trash deposited in the features, and plants growing in the area during...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples were examined from three sites on the Dona Ana range in the Fort Bliss Military Reservation, southeast New Mexico. Two mano fragments and a stone ball from site FB 10017 (LA 97920) were analyzed for pollen/starch and protein residues. Use of ground stone or other stone tools in processing plants and animals may leave evidence on the artifact surface. Concentrations of pollen, starches, or protein residues recovered from the artifact surfaces may represent plants and/or animals that...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples were examined from three sites on the Dona Ana range in the Fort Bliss Military Reservation, southeast New Mexico. Two mano fragments and a stone ball from site FB 10017 (LA 97920) were analyzed for pollen/starch and protein residues. Use of ground stone or other stone tools in processing plants and animals may leave evidence on the artifact surface. Concentrations of pollen, starches, or protein residues recovered from the artifact surfaces may represent plants and/or animals that...

DATASET Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Results of ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS (pXRF) OF CERAMIC SHERDS FROM SISKIYOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A stratigraphic column and two features were examined for pollen as a test to determine if preservation was sufficient to warrant continued pollen analysis for this project. The stratigraphic column includes a dark cultural stain that yielded a radiocarbon age of 6200 + 110 BP. Multiple samples were examined from two features to establish guidelines for future sampling in and around features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples representing cultural fill of Feature 203 were examined for their pollen content. In addition, a single sample was examined from the cultural level into which Feature 203 was dug. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not pollen representing economically important plants was preserved in the feature and whether it could contribute to an identification of the function of this feature. Samples were collected stratigraphically through the fill.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Preliminary pollen analysis was conducted on five samples representing two sites in the Salt River Valley. Site AZ U: 9:88 (ASM) ,a colonial-sedentary period habitation site, is represented by a single pollen sample collected from the fill of a canal. Nearby AZ U:9:90 (ASM) is situated closest to the Salt River. This site is represented in the pollen record by sanples collected from a trash pit, a circular pit, a roasting pit, and a pit feature. Pollen analysis focuses on ability to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The object of this preliminary study was to provide an assessment of the pollen record to identify possibilities for future studies. Pollen analysis was undertaken on samples from abandoned agricultural fields, from tecoates and travertine, as well as different types of soil horizons in an effort to define the potential for recovering identifiable pollen. Evidence of agriculture and accompanying agricultural weeds was sought in the agricultural samples. Identification of pollen and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Preliminary pollen and macrofloral analyses were conducted on two samples from 42WN2150 to ascertain where or not pollen and macrofloral remains were present in these samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two sites, located within the upper limits of Cedar Lake Draw in the Loco Hills, include a scatter of artifacts, burned caliche, and thermal features. The absence of middens argues for temporary settlements defined by simple fire hearths and a light scatter of artifacts that include flakes, cores, hammerstones, groundstone, and an occasional brownware sherd. Radiocarbon dates indicate occupation falls between approximately 2880 and 6280 BP. Combined pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Sherds from seven handmade ceramic vessels used to cook squash, corn, wild rice, ramps, beans, and venison in water independently, and a mixture of corn, beans, squash, ramps, venison, and salt were submitted as an experimental study for the recovery of organic residues and their analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Upon receipt and examination of the sherds, personnel at PaleoResearch Institute decided to add analysis of pollen, starch, and phytoliths to gain...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected from features at 5MT5376 and SHT9433 to examine the vegetal portion of the subsistence base. These Basketmaker III sites are located near Yellowjacket Canyon in the Sand Canyon Facility Site Survey Area. 5MT5376 contains surface structures and an extramural pit that were sampled for pollen. 5MT9433, on the other hand, is represented by samples from roasting pits and hearths.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gerald K. Kelso.

The objectives of this preliminary analysis of Salem Neck shell midden profile samples and samples from under shells was to ascertain if :pollen was preserved in the midden and whether the spectra, if recovered, had the :potential to yield environmental, land-use and/or paleoethnobotanical data. An exploratory evaluation of the matrices preceding full analysis was desirable because certain natural processes tend to destroy and replace the pollen spectra of archaeological sites that are...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis of strata from Old Man Cave (42SA21153) in southeastern Utah was undertaken to address four paleoennvironmental questions. Interpretation of the pollen record is considered preliminary at this stage, since additional samples are scheduled for collection during the 1993 field season. Examination of this preliminary pollen record provides the basis for future sampling strategies.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

ABSTRACT: No research has been conducted which has focused mainly on the analysis of pollen from an historic Hopi village. Most pollen analysis in the southwest is concerned with prehistoric cultures and settlements. The analysis of pollen samples from Walpi will span approximately 1, 000 years to include an older prehistoric occupation of the site from approximately A. D. 1050-1125, the historic occupation from 1690 to present, and a modern survey of the surrounding lands immediately adjoining...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Protein (blood) residue analysis was conducted on five lead musket shot projectiles (bullets) from Camp Letterman, a Union field hospital associated with the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to determine if human proteins were present on these artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

In 1730, the Hudson’s Bay Company initiated the development of the Prince of Wales Fort II on Eskimo Point at the mouth of Churchill River and the Hudson Bay in northern Manitoba, Canada. Construction of the stone fortification took over 40 years, during which Hudson’s Bay Company employees, including officers, tradesmen, and laborers, were present at the site. Activities at the fort included tasks related to survival (hunting, cutting wood, hauling water, etc.) and fur trading. The fort’s...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Three ceramic sherds were submitted for organic residue (FTIR) analysis and nine lithic tools were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis from the BARC Floodplain A Site (18PR1024), Prince George’s County, Maryland. These archaeochemical and archaeobiological analyses were undertaken to explore the types of foods being harvested, gathered and processed by the site’s occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

Site TL6926-PM-006 is a prehistoric bedrock milling complex situated along Keys Creek in Valley Center, San Diego County, California. Washes from Features 2 and 4 were collected and submitted for protein analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Persimmon Creek (Site 31CE802) is a Middle to Late Woodland hamlet located approximately twenty miles east of Murphy, North Carolina in Cherokee County. Two lithics and one soil control sample were submitted for protein analysis. The quartz biface, a side/end scraper, exhibited a cutting edge and use-wear on the distal end. The chalcedony scraper/flake tool was accompanied by a control soil sample. Artifact samples were submitted to determine use.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Caitlin A. Clark. Linda Scott Cummings.

Twelve lithics were recovered from the Early Archaic Bridge Site (15LV98) located in Livingston County, Kentucky. The lithics were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis to determine animals processed at the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two tabular tools from Site AZ U:1:433(ASM) were submitted for protein residue analysis to assist with their interpretation. This site exhibits occupation during the Classic period based on recovery of a few, small red ware sherds (Hackbarth 2017).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 50-10-30-10222, located within the U.S. Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), is situated in the saddle region between Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Hual̀ālai. Water-worn stones recovered at this site are interpreted to represent stones that were heated, then placed in bird abdominal cavities to cook the flesh from the inside. Two elongated water-worn basalt pebbles were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine if there is protein evidence of this practice.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Originally, two obsidian bifacial scrapers were submitted for protein residue analysis using CIEP from the Yearling Spring Obsidian Biface Cache, located in Park County, Montana. An obsidian biface reduction flake coated with ochre residue was submitted in March 2012. A portion of the ochre residue was removed from the obsidian biface and tested for protein residues. In addition, a piece of ochre/soil matrix recovered from close proximity to the ochre coated tool was tested for protein residues...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

A total of 28 lithic artifacts were submitted for protein residue analysis from nine sites in close proximity from northeastern Alberta. In addition, 2 samples of fire broken rock were submitted for organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These artifacts were recovered during archaeological survey work associated with the Muskeg River Mine Expansion Project. The project area is located approximately 60 km north of Fort McMurray. Protein and organic residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

A granite pestle and an associated soil control sample recovered from Feature 2, an exposed, low-lying granite bedrock milling station at Site CA-TUO-4818 in Yosemite National Park, California, were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. The pestle was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and for protein residue using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

A granite pestle and an associated soil control sample recovered from Feature 2, an exposed, low-lying granite bedrock milling station at Site CA-TUO-4818 in Yosemite National Park, California, were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. The pestle was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and for protein residue using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Following completion of this analysis, three additional residue samples and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Three stone crescents were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. Two of the crescents were found in the Older River Bed delta on the Dugway Proving Ground in Utah, and one was recovered from site 42MD2620 in the Cove Creek area in Utah. Crescents were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and protein residues using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis. The crescents are thought to have been used for harvesting cattail, and it is hoped...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Two lithic flakes from site EgOl-1 in Saskatchewan, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. These flakes exhibited residue on their surface. One flake was selected for each analysis. The sample for organic residue analysis was tested using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Protein and organic residue analysis are used to identify trace residues of plant and animal material that may be present on the surfaces of these artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Lithic tools recovered from sites HhOv 87 and HhOv 200, Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and protein residues using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Three projectile points and five feature fill samples were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis, respectively. The feature fill samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Residue analysis should provide information on subsistence, including materials processed, and possible functions of the artifacts and features, as well as shed light on group mobility.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Three tabular tools were submitted for protein residue analysis using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis. Five ceramic sherds were submitted for organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These artifacts were recovered from site AZ T:8:68 (ASM), located in Peoria, Arizona. The goal of these analyses was to detect and identify any plant and animal-based organic residues that may be present on the surfaces of these artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Two fire-broken rock samples were submitted for organic residue (FTIR) analysis and six lithic tools were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis from site EaOh 23, located in southwestern Saskatchewan. These analyses are used to detect any animal and plant residues that may be present on the surfaces of these artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

A lithic tool and a fire-broken rock sample from site FbPi-8 in southern Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis, respectively. The fire-broken rock was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Protein residue analysis offers insight into materials processed with the lithic tool, while organic residue analysis provides information concerning the compounds that were extracted from the firecracked rock. Information concerning...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Site FdOt 32, situated near Hardisty, Alberta, Canada, was occupied approximately 1000 RCYBP, according to radiocarbon dates. A projectile point, three ceramic fragments, and one hearth fill sample were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis. Ceramics and hearth fill was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A projectile point was tested for protein residue using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP).