Society for Historical Archaeology 2014

DOCUMENT Citation Only Courtney Cox. Brianna Patterson.

Louie Blanchette, a French Canadian, settled what would later become St. Charles, Missouri in 1769. Little is known about him due to his illiteracy, but some documentation and analysis of the area in which he lived has brought more light on his role in the French frontier. This site overlooks the Missouri River and contains at least three buildings. Those buildings have been identified through recent archaeological investigations through field schools. A variety of French colonial ceramics...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Séverine Hurard. Florence Journot.

In the last 30 years, the study of modern and contemporary archaeology in France has seen a substantial expansion, especially in the light of the strong and rapid emergence of preventive archaeology, in both rural and urban contexts. In this paper we propose an overview of research on the “recent” historical periods. Research into the archaeology of the modern period is increasingly diversified, extending to the material world, including diverse buried and extant remains. Castles, gardens, rural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lan Ngo Thi.

Tiles are one of the important architectural component materials in the traditional architectural of Vietnam. Decorative tiles contribute to making building more beautiful and solemn. The paper introduces the tile decorations found in Northern Vietnam aims to understand the production, processing technique as well as decorations on tiles in the 15th to the late 18th century. On the basis of the set of resources from the findings of the French scholar, the discovery and study of the Vietnamese...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dave Conlin. Bert Ho.

With numerous submerged aircraft sites in the U.S. National Park System, the Submerged Resources Center has had several opportunities to conduct research and test methodologies in a variety of underwater environments that these airplanes now reside. Many lessons have been learned from each site, but none have taught more than the submerged World War II-era B-29 Super Fortress at the bottom of Lake Mead, outside of Las Vegas, NV. This discovery, subsequent legal battle, and eventual full...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Frederick Hanselmann. Juan G. Martin. Christopher Horrell. Bert Ho. Andres Diaz. Jose Espinosa.

The Caribbean coast of Colombia is famous for being part of the Spanish treasure route, including Cartagena de Indias; a crucial port along the route. The call of gold and silver led to conflict between natives, Spanish fleets, privateers, pirates, and foreign navies, leaving numerous shipwrecks along the coast and in ports such as Cartagena. While it is known that many shipwrecks exist, very little has been done to document, study, and manage this underwater cultural heritage with some areas...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alan Armstrong.

A series of signal towers were constructed in Barbados in reaction to a slave rebellion in 1816. This study uses GIS and GPS to plot and assess the view-sheds of surveillance and control created by the construction of a series of six signal towers (1816-1819). ‘Bussa’s Rebellion which began resulted in damage to 54 plantations and the death of well over 200 enslaved laborers (in battle or by execution). The rebellion sent ripples of fear through the island’s planter, business, and military...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mara Kaktins.

Cities from the colonial period until the present day have tried to conceal their ‘problem populations’ from the view of the general public. These ‘unworthy’ individuals, housed in Almshouses, penitentiaries, asylums, and the like have traditionally been hidden by placing such institutions on the outskirts of urban centers. Substantial walls, lavish gardens, and formal architecture were also utilized to disguise the true nature of these complexes. Inevitably, rapidly growing cities...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Markus.

Archaeological investigations at the Block family home in Washington, Arkansas undertaken since the 1980s have explored the private life of the first documented Jewish immigrant family to the state of Arkansas. Excavations at the detach kitchen of the property revealed an articulated buried turkey skeleton. This fowl burial was initially interpreted as an African ritual sacrifice in light of the discovery of a slave quarters adjacent to the kitchen in 2010. While this interpretation easily fits...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Misty Jackson.

Excavations in the 1970’s recovered a possible signet ring from plowzone context at Fort Ouiatanon, an 18th century fort constructed by the French in Indiana and later taken over by the British. The unusual symbolism exhibited by the ring, that of a man astride a fish or dolphin, invite a close study to determine its meaning. Research suggests that it represented the Dauphin of France, Louis XV, and by extension it likely belonged to a high-ranking male of the post.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mariane Gaudreau.

Cultural anthropologists’ and archaeologists’ interest in theorizing identity has a long history. Cultural anthropologists have generally focused on emic perspectives to gain insight into contemporary individual and group identity. In contrast, archaeologists have necessarily mainly relied on material culture to discern identity in the past, with relatively little attention paid to the views of contemporary peoples. Unfortunately, archaeological interpretations can conflict with those of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne Yentsch.

Research leads down many paths, but some are less apparent than others. An analytical awareness takes one further, but awareness is not a hat that can be donned at will. It comes at odd times, often popping up when incongruities or inconsistencies’puzzles--are resolved. Solving a puzzle can be done deductively, but intuition plays a role. Revelations are sudden and unexpected. Five examples stand out in my own research: the male/female aspects of earth-toned and white pottery; turning a question...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aliya Hoff. Tom Wypych. Ashley Richter. Vid Petrovic. David Vanoni. Dominique Rissolo. Thomas Levy. Jules Jaffe. Falko Kuester.

The emerging field of cyber-archaeology utilizes collaborative scientific inquiry and innovative technology to advance the productivity and integrity of cultural heritage diagnostics. As digital infrastructure and imaging solutions are engineered for terrestrial sites worldwide, we stand to profit from a critical appraisal and application of similar methods to overcome the trials of underwater research. Methodologies to integrate diagnostic imaging and remote sensing systems for rapid underwater...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tonya Chandler.

This paper will investigate the material and structural remains of Fort Hampton, an American military installation established in 1810 near a branch of the Elk River, in present-day Limestone County, Alabama. Fort Hampton was constructed to remove Anglo settlers from Native American-owned lands prior to the Chickasaw cession of 1816, and was in operation between 1810 and 1817. This was a short-lived, but significant era in the history of Anglo and Native American habitation of northern Alabama:...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Nelson.

In the 17th century New Netherland, a colony run by the Dutch West India Trading Company in what is now New York, was the locus of the Dutch Fur Trade. Throughout the early years of the colony, this trade was restricted to Fort Orange, the company’’s official trading post located in modern day Albany. While this trade thrived, the colony did not, forcing company officials to release their monopoly on the Fur Trade and opening it to all residents in the colony. Following this declaration, a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marcus Watson.

In the 17th century New Netherland, a colony run by the Dutch West India Trading Company in what is now New York, was the locus of the Dutch Fur Trade. Throughout the early years of the colony, this trade was restricted to Fort Orange, the company’’s official trading post located in modern day Albany. While this trade thrived, the colony did not, forcing company officials to release their monopoly on the Fur Trade and opening it to all residents in the colony. Following this declaration, a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn Deeley.

During the 19th and early 20th century, scholars like W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington offered blueprints for other African Americans to follow based on what they think will allow the African American race to progress into the future. The works of Du Bois and Washington therefore provide historical contextual examples for how the practices of everyday life could have been carried out. Understanding what these African American thinkers were promoting, and whom these frameworks would have...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amelia Astley. Justin Dix. Fraser Sturt. Charlotte Thompson.

If we wish to understand the surviving shipwreck record and to inform strategies of heritage, management and conservation an improved knowledge of the variable impact of marine physical processes is required. I am approaching this problem at a range of scales from full wreck to individual artefact scale, through a combination of bathymetric survey, diver monitoring and physical modelling in a controlled laboratory environment. The first phase of this work has involved the integration of ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Denise McGuire.

During the excavation of a house foundation at the Loyalist-period Butler homestead in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, a small cache of condiment bottles was discovered in a space determined to be a larder or pantry. Based on the form of the bottle, the condiment that filled the bottle was likely dry mustard powder, the bottles of which have more often been recovered from military sites. One of the bottles is of particular interest as it was embossed with the name ‘Rhodes & Kemeys’ and originated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sheli Smith. Annalies Corbin.

Deepwater Archaeology, from its historical potential to technical advancements, provides STEM education with an array of impressive tools to engage students in holistic or transdisciplinary learning. Archaeologists need to initiate these conversations, engage students and teachers at the moment of discovery and encourage the larger collective in problem-solving. Today with virtual classroom technology, and national and international programs such as Project Lead the Way, Sea Perch, and Mate,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Roby. Maria Theresia Starzmann.

Historical archaeologists have devoted considerable attention to the need to produce knowledge that is not only academically relevant but also meaningful to the disempowered. While laudable in the abstract, such work largely falls short of emancipatory political praxis. We locate this failure in the fundamentally conservative nature of the discipline: a conservative archaeology comforts the powerful by reinforcing the class-based prerogative of interpretation (Deutungsmacht). In response to this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thierry Boyer.

From the moment vessels started to be decked, solutions had to be found to get the water out of the bilge for them to stay afloat. These came through many ways: water management, pumps technology and ship’s structural conception. The technology differences between the French and the English ways of tackling this problem are revealed through the archaeology of shipwrecks and archival researches. This paper will explain some of these differences and put the emphasis on the technology of ship’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsey Cochran.

Alternative theories and methodologies hold great potential to assess the prospective research value of ephemeral sites in both academic and CRM contexts. The Simpson Lot of Arcadia Mill is an antebellum industrial site in Northwest Florida that was inhabited by five population groups--’none of which left a particularly discernible material trace. Predictive GIS maps based on the light artifact assemblage are interpreted with a qualitative version of game theory to determine population...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith Ellis.

The ability to discern a life history and population histories from the bones of the deceased is an important contribution to any study of the past. At the same time, however, other lines of evidence, when combined with the body, can offer results beyond what is traditionally expected in this field. The value of contextualizing our work is that words and actions are complementary, and yet show us very different versions of lived experience. This paper will explore the intersection of written...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Newstead.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Plymouth, UK, played host and stage to a number of people and events which form an important part of England’s national historical narrative. Popular discourse paints Plymouth as a place of legendary English explorers, merchants and naval captains: a fledging ground for the early ambitions of Nation and Empire. Hawkins, Drake, Frobisher, Gilbert and Raleigh all sailed, at various times, from Plymouth. The English fleet victualed in Plymouth...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Vincent Melomo. Thomas Beaman.

Fort Caswell has stood for nearly two centuries as a haunting reminder of the strategic importance of the Cape Fear River and the port of Wilmington in southeastern North Carolina. While much of the original 1826-1837 brick and mortar fort are still standing, key architectural features of the fort, and its unwritten history, lie hidden beneath the sand. Since its construction, the site has seen several phases of modification, abandonment, and reuse. The first archaeological research was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenna Wallace Coplin.

By 1838, Cold Spring Harbor was home to a thriving whaling business. Operating nine vessels, including the largest to sail from Long Island, the Cold Spring Harbor Whaling Company owned docks, repair and processing units and supported a variety of industries to outfit and provision ships. Local households responded at an infrastructural level as families weighed profit sharing and wage labor against required agricultural tasks necessary for self-sufficiency in the local economy. However, whaling...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Reith. Michel L'Hour. Olivia Hulot.

The French explorator Robert Cavelier de la Salle has played a fundamental role in the history of the exploration of North America and the establishment of a French colony in Louisiana. His attempts to install trading posts, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, have been punctuated by two shipwrecks, the one of the Griffon in 1679 and the second one of la Belle in 1686. Built in 1679, south of Niagara Falls, the Griffon sank in Lake Michigan when he joined Michilimackinac with a cargo of furs and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julia King.

As historical archaeologists in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US turn their focus not just to Europeans and Africans, sensu Deetz, but to the region’’s Indigenous people, emerging interpretations emphasize resistance and survival in the face of the European colonizing machine. These narratives are aimed at challenging the deeply entrenched notion of the disappearing Indian, but they also tend to ignore the losses, especially through displacement, experienced by Native people. Using...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Filippo Ronca. Flora Davidson.

Fathom Five is Canada’s first National Marine Park. It is also the shipwreck diving capital of Canada, with the remains of over thirty shipwrecks that lie within its boundaries. Shortly after a submerged cultural resource inventory was initiated at the park, a consortium of specialists from Parks Canada established a monitoring program. This would focus on a representative sample of the inventoried sites to detect any change in condition over the long term. The program was based upon...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dimitris Papadopoulos.

Recent works (Gourgouris 1996, Calotychos 2003, Hamilakis 2008) have addressed the institutional apparatuses of Greek nation-state building, including official archaeology, through a dual critique of the colonialist/nationalist project. The Greek case features complexities that relate to both the ‘crypto-colonial’ status (Herzfeld 2002) of the Greek state and the internal colonization process targeting ethnic otherness in annexed territories such as Macedonia (1913). This paper explores the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brendan Weaver.

During Peru’s colonial period free and enslaved African descended peoples made up a significant portion of the coastal population, living and working among indigenous, mestizo, and European peoples. Yet these populations have been underrepresented in archaeology or rendered invisible by methodologies and questions which have not directly engaged the diaspora. This paper discusses advances from the 2012/2013 field season of the Haciendas of Nasca Archaeological Project, the first such project in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Quentin Lewis. Adrian Green. Thomas Yarrow.

This paper proposes an archaeology of energy, probing the historical materialities of heat, light, and power. Our modern high carbon world is the result of a series of historical and material processes in which objects, peoples, spaces, and relationships coalesced into regimes of energy. The traces of these regimes are visible in material things and can be investigated archaeologically. We offer up a case study from an epicenter of the transition to a high carbon world: 17th and 18th century...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Kostro.

Recent campus-based archaeological investigations at the Brafferton Indian School and the Bray African American School have shed new light on the intertwined histories of the College of William and Mary and the wider Williamsburg community in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While fragments of pottery, glass and bone at the two school sites reveal the ordinary details of the everyday life of students, faculty and staff in patterns distinct from household assemblages excavated elsewhere...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sherene Baugher. William Moss.

Recent campus-based archaeological investigations at the Brafferton Indian School and the Bray African American School have shed new light on the intertwined histories of the College of William and Mary and the wider Williamsburg community in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While fragments of pottery, glass and bone at the two school sites reveal the ordinary details of the everyday life of students, faculty and staff in patterns distinct from household assemblages excavated elsewhere...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Hayes.

Beginning in the 17th century, wampum and furs or hides traced a new system of circulation from the eastern seaboard to the interior west of the Great Lakes. These items moved across an immensely diverse field of colonial entanglements. Yet these ends of the circuit are not often brought into comparison, or are made comparable in a problematic framework of colonialism which takes the inevitability of colonial outcomes as a given. What is the utility in bringing the early and densely settled...

DOCUMENT Citation Only D.K. Abbass. Kerry Lynch.

The Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project has mapped eight of thirteen British transports sunk in Newport Harbor in 1778, one of which was Capt. Cook’s Endeavour Bark. Our preliminary studies advance the understanding of 18th-century ship management, and validate assumptions about the adaptive re-use of marine technologies. The Endeavour’s transformations from collier, to Royal Navy explorer, to Lord Sandwich transport, and then overlooked wreck, are an obvious example of re-use that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn Catlin.

Dartmoor was permanently resettled by peasants and tenant farmers during the 10th and 11th centuries, following hundreds of years of seasonal use of the moor as transhumant pasture. This paper explores how previous knowledge of the landscape on the part of shepherds (and shepherdesses) affected the choices made by later permanent settlers. Peasant choices were also constrained by the priorities of manorial lords and overseers, who had their own ideas about where best to establish settlements...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Réginald Auger.

The objective of my presentation is to compare and contrast three sources of information to verify the veracity of a 400 year old riddle, namely, the hostage taking of five members of the 1576 Martin Frobisher expedition. When confronted and assessed in light of archaeological data, travel accounts and oral tradition, if we use the Frobisher accounts of his voyages as an example, appear to show various discrepancies. The narrators describe clothing discovered by the 1577 expedition as being...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Warner.

Popular perceptions of archaeology is that the money and the recognition goes to field work, and lip service is paid to the collections that result. This paper explores the potential ramifications for historical archaeology by not confronting the unique circumstances of managing and working with historical collections. Collections-driven research is a crucial part of establishing a ethically-defensible position regarding collections management. Put simply turning inwards to explore the vast...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Liebmann.

Questions about colonialism are integral to the field of Historical Archaeology. Indeed, according to some definitions, Historical Archaeology is the archaeology of Euro-American colonialism. Traditionally, the questions that historical archaeologists have posed about colonialism have tended to focus on the profound changes instituted by colonial systems. (E.g. how did colonists change the places in which they settled? How did indigenous and enslaved populations change as a result of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jamie Brandon.

Traditionally, the Atlantic World concept has been used to frame analyses of places on the eastern seaboard of the United States, as the ties with Europe were strongest during the colonial period and clearest along coastline. However, these economic spheres extended their reach well beyond the coastlines and ports. Surprisingly, the interface between two of these Atlantic worlds’the British and Spanish Atlantics’can be found in southwestern Arkansas in the 1830s. During 2011 and 2012...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Myriam Arcangeli.

Sherds of ceramic cookware are almost all that remains of the work of slaves who toiled away in Guadeloupean kitchens during the colonial period. In Guadeloupe, cooking was a profession divided by gender. It included a few professional chefs ‘often men’ and a multitude of unspecialized servants, who were in many cases women. Ceramics offer a glimpse into their world and into the realm of the vernacular Creole detached kitchen. The coarse earthenware cookware used by the majority of cooks were...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean Catalo.

Les fouilles du palais de justice de Toulouse entre 2002 et 2006 ont permis la découverte d’un important lot de poteries dans des latrines. Bien daté par des monnaies entre 1652 et 1655, ce lot offre un éventail complet du vaisselier, décoré ou culinaire, en usage au coeur du Parlement judiciaire de Toulouse.

DOCUMENT Citation Only André Bergeron.

Pendant plus de 300 ans, les vestiges de la culture matérielle utilisée par un petit groupe de miliciens provenant de Dorchester, en Nouvelle-Angleterre, ont. été oubliés dans les eaux du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Ces hommes avaient apportés avec eux ce dont ils avaient besoin pour leur vie de tous les jours, ainsi que des armes qui allaient être utilisées lors du siège de Québec. L’épave de leur navire, le Elizabeth and Mary, fut découverte la veille de Noel en 1994; l’année 2014 en souligne le...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin Paige Riggs.

Although Japanese Incarceration denied the Domoto family the right to reside in the Bay Area, the family left a lasting impression within the region’s landscapes that endures. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the Domotos’ material legacies through contemporary survey of the Melrose District of Oakland, permanent garden displays, and the Amache Internment Camp. Paired with the analysis of one curated assemblage, oral histories, and documentary records, this research reveals...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marley Brown III.

This paper argues that archaeological research, while guided by general research questions, can be most productive when it needs to contextualize unanticipated discoveries - the surprises that often make archaeological fieldwork worth doing. Such contextualization takes the form of a multifaceted dialogue between an unexpected archaeological find, an existing historiography, additional historical research and archaeological analysis prompted by the surprise finding, and, most importantly, a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tricia Dodds.

The Southern Pacific Railroad transported people and supplies across southern California. Connecting Los Angeles to the eastern United States, it sparked a commercial agricultural boom for the region. Established in 1875 and active until 1992, Southern Pacific Railroad’s River Station was the first station in the area, serving as the city center and transforming the small pueblo into a bustling metropolis. At Los Angeles State Historic Park, California Department of Parks and Recreation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jade Luiz.

The body of the nineteenth century woman was at once eroticized and forbidden to the public mind. Sculpting of the ideal feminine and disguising the body’s true form has been the subject of some theoretical discussion, however, the ways in which women interacted with their own bodies through personal health and hygiene has still remained a largely underexplored topic. This paper intends to examine the relationship of the nineteenth century woman with her body through artifacts related to health,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Furlong.

Since his speech to the Cotton States Exposition in 1895, Booker T. Washington has been an important, yet controversial figure in African American history and political thought. Washington’s speeches and writings, his personal relationships and visits to Washington, DC had a major influence on African American communities lying on the east side of the capital city during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This influence can be seen in the archaeology of these communities. Additionally,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Mattes.

Following Spanish conquest in the late 15th century, a series of commodities were introduced and produced in the Canary Islands and, while the agricultural economy today is much smaller than the tourist economy, many of these colonial products are still produced today. One such commodity is cochineal, introduced in the early 19th century. American cochineal was, for centuries, a dominant source of red dyestuff and, for a few decades in the mid-19th century, the Canary Islands were the largest...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Underwood.

Today, in the UK at least, it is generally acknowledged by heritage and archaeological organisations that public attitudes toward the underwater cultural heritage have changed for the better. Can this assumption be supported by evidence and if so, what have been the main factors? Has the change been due to the impact of the public archaeology initiatives that for over 25 years have raised awareness, or have other drivers such as the media played their part in shaping today’s public attitudes?...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peter Wadell. Robert Grenier.

In 1978, the discovery of a 1565 Basque whaling galleon in Red Bay Labrador by a Parks Canada team of underwater archaeologists led to the first ever large-scale excavation in sub-Arctic waters, which in turn triggered the development of innovative techniques and methods in the discipline. The techniques used in the underwater archaeology of Red Bay were the cumulative result of more than a decade of intensive fieldwork and experience acquired since 1964. In turn, it left a legacy of high...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ole Varmer. Brian Jordan. Lydia Barbash-Riley.

The Departments of Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have produced a study on Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) Law and a website containing the relevant statutes, legislative histories, cases and other related documents. The study summarizes the application of U.S. statutes that may directly and indirectly protect UCH, provides an analysis of the gaps in the law protecting UCH on the Outer Continental Shelf,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sorna Khakzad.

Since 2001 there has been a lot debate about ratifying the Convention on Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH). Since the countries pioneering underwater archaeology have not yet ratified the Convention, thus the question rises that to what extent ratifying the 2001 Convention can be assisting the State Parties to enhance their UCH practices. New efforts at UNESCO aim at subscribing the best practices of underwater archaeological activities in the World Heritage List, which is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiago Miguel Fraga.

The Projecto de Carta Arqueológica Subaquática do Concelho de Lagos (PCASCL) aimed to locate, identify and protect existing underwater cultural heritage within the district’s coastal area. This project was based on a five-phase methodology whichincluded archival research, assessment, survey and conservation. PCASCL resulted in the discovery of five shipwrecks and several artefacts which were added to the Portuguese archaeological record. This also led to the development of a secondaryproject...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jorge Freire.

Underwater archaeological heritage survey programs arise as a management tool of the coast,based upon evidence of Maritime Culture. Both as a Geographic Information resource and a tool of knowledge, its ability to define strategies and priorities in establishing a policy of sustained development and enjoyment of underwater cultural heritageis basedprimarily upon research. The model followed for the Underwater Cultural Heritage Management of the municipalities of Cascais and Oeiras, is this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shawn Fields. Brenna Moloney.

This poster highlights the 2013 investigations by Wayne State University students of a rumored speakeasy associated with the notorious Purple Gang located in the basement of a Detroit bar. During Prohibition, 1919-1933, the sale of liquor was the second-most profitable business in Detroit after the automobile industry. As immigrants and industries transformed the Prohibition-era landscape, so too did powerful criminals as they took advantage of the social and political conditions to consolidate...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis Ohman.

The use of a Tracer X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) hand-held laboratory system in archaeological research has increased dramatically over the last decade. Research projects have investigated lithics, ceramics, pictographs, glass, and sourcing methods in order to find out more about the materials that humans utilized in the creation of artifacts. The study of fish remains from Betty’’s Hope sugar plantation in Antigua, West Indies, has opened up new avenues of XRF applications in zooarchaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian Mabelitini.

Constructed in ca. 1817, the Frazer farmstead (15Hr42) in Cynthiana, Kentucky, was burned on July 17, 1862, by Confederate forces during John Hunt Morgan’s first Cynthiana raid. During the American Civil War, the house was incorporated into Camp Frazer, and was used as a hospital and for storage by Union troops. Archaeological excavations uncovered numerous military items in situ within the destruction debris, as well as a sutler’s token belonging to the 45th Ohio Volunteer Infantry beneath a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Philip Levy. Amy Muraca.

George Washington Birthplace National Monument boasts several seventeenth-century eighteenth-century sites. Two of these have long been associated with Washington. Decades of archaeology of this landscape though has created a complicated and record, but the holy grail of the landscape has always been locating the building in which Washington was born. Over the summer of 2013 a team of researchers reexamined the record and collection associated with what in the 1930s became known as ‘»Building...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tracy Ireland.

Historical memory is increasingly being given material form in urban spaces. In the cities founded by settler colonialism the ‘archaeological imagination’ is now a means via which material memories are constructed, grounding genealogy, national origins and empathy for individuals caught up in histories both tumultuous and quotidian. I compare archaeological sites conserved in situ in Sydney, Australia, with Pointe-à-Callière in Montreal and the President’s House in Philadelphia to explore Sara...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James W. Bradley.

Cross-cultural interactions, among Native peoples as well as with Europeans, were a hallmark of the 16th century in the St. Lawrence Basin and adjacent drainages. This paper proposes some structural ways for examining these complex interactions and summarizes recent research pertaining to the Five Nations Iroquois and the Susquehannock. Particular emphasis is placed on how three classes of high-value material - marine shell, copper and red stone - can be used to probe these dynamics.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Hutchins.

Cross-cultural interactions, among Native peoples as well as with Europeans, were a hallmark of the 16th century in the St. Lawrence Basin and adjacent drainages. This paper proposes some structural ways for examining these complex interactions and summarizes recent research pertaining to the Five Nations Iroquois and the Susquehannock. Particular emphasis is placed on how three classes of high-value material - marine shell, copper and red stone - can be used to probe these dynamics.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melanie Marquis. Mara Kaktins. Ruth Ann Armitage. Daniel Fraser.

An analysis of ceramics excavated from Ferry Farm, George Washington’s Boyhood Home, revealed that a minimum of five vessels exhibited glue residue. These table and teawares are associated with Mary Washington, George’s mother, and have raised a number of questions. What is the composition of the glues? How were the adhesives prepared and would their production leave a signature on the landscape? What compelled Mary to mend these wares? What do these sociotechnic artifacts say about a woman...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marcia Barbosa Guimarães. Marcia Rodrigues.

The Project’s ‘Urban Archaeological Landscapes in Laranjeiras, Sergipe State, Brazil’ goal is to reach a better understanding of the different social constructions of the urban landscape. We will focus on the less privileged groups, such as African and African-descendent, slaves and freemen, the main labor providers in the Vale do Cotinguiba throughout the 17th and 19th centuries.The construction of the Retiro church in 1701 and the Comandaroba Chapel in 1734, mark the beginning of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Schavelzon.

Historical archeology emerged during the 80& 180;s on the cities, not on the field. It was a path opposite to the U.S. that began excavating historic sites. The difference between those who wanted to do urban archeology and not archaeology of historic sites, that means to dig “sites” in the old sense of the uniqueness of place, was urban archeology conceived as diggings in places separated in time (of excavation) of a single surface of ground covered by the city at different times.Traditional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gavin Lucas. Jonas M. Nordin.

Historical archeology emerged during the 80& 180;s on the cities, not on the field. It was a path opposite to the U.S. that began excavating historic sites. The difference between those who wanted to do urban archeology and not archaeology of historic sites, that means to dig “sites” in the old sense of the uniqueness of place, was urban archeology conceived as diggings in places separated in time (of excavation) of a single surface of ground covered by the city at different times.Traditional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ranjith Jayasena.

In the 1590s Amsterdam’s eastern soggy foreland stretching from the sea dike and the open water of the IJ harbour was transformed into islands, designated for shipbuilding. Here both private shipyards and these of the Admiralty and Dutch East India Company (VOC) operated, until the maritime quarter shifted to new raised islands of the city extension of 1663. Subsequently the old islands transformed into a living area that gradually turned into densely populated neighbourhoods with slums on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Terrance Martin.

Limited investigation of the northern portion of the Laurens site (Randolph County, Illinois) during 2011 and 2012 is contributing to a better understanding of animal exploitations patterns by French colonial residents of the Central Mississippi River Valley, an area recognized during the early 18th century as Upper Louisiana. Do comparisons of various feature deposits at the site reveal any significant differences of animal use? Whereas this most recent work has resulted in the site being...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Arthur R. Clausnitzer Jr..

Five years of excavation on Smuttynose Island, Isles of Shoals, Maine has recovered a vast quantity of artifacts related to nearly four hundred years of European occupation of the island, including over 7,000 fragments of white clay tobacco pipes. Unfortunately, the specific soil conditions on the site often made field identification of different contexts difficult during excavation. This paper explores the use of clay pipes in the separation and identification of different stratigraphic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ellen Chapman.

Most published research on the study of anatomy in colonial America has focused on the extensive grave-robbing practices during the late 18th and 19th centuries, which were driven by the demand for cadavers in medical schools and sparked public unrest and riots. However, my bioarchaeological analysis of remains from mid-18th century Virginia reveals that practices of dissection and anatomical preparations were quite different in the decades before the establishment of the first American medical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jon Marcoux.

Past research has outlined the profound effects of the Carolina Indian trade on the cultural landscape of the late seventeenth-century Southeast. This work has identified a number of historical processes (e.g., population movements, disease, endemic violence, and economic transformation) stemming from the interaction of southeastern Indian and European Colonial worlds that together defined the chaotic nature of the period. Our understanding of the Indian trade is much improved, but the crucial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis Shinabarger.

In the winter of 1910, the steamship, SS Farallon, fared through a storm in Cook Inlet attempting to offload passengers in Iliamna Bay, Alaska. Hitting an offshore reef, the vessel foundered, stranding the crew and passengers for a month or more. During this time the mail clerk, John Thwaites, photographed the adventures that befell those stranded. More than 100 years later, these archived photographs were used to relocate the unlikely location of the castaway campsite. This paper shows the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carol Griggs.

The culturally modified timber, possibly of a ship, buried near Washington Island, between Green Bay and Lake Michigan has been found to be an oak. Dendrochonological analysis is underway to place the shipbuilding of this artifact in time. Sampling the wood for this purpose was limited due to the wet condition of the timber, but tomography (CT scans) will be utilized to reveal the wood structure and tree-ring boundaries. CDendro and CooRecorder software will be used to measure the tree rings....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Beverly Goodman Tchernov.

Pre- instrumentally recorded (about 100 years) catalogues of tsunami events rely heavily on written descriptions. While textual evidence provides a wealth of useful information, it is limited with regard to reliability, geographic range, consistency and quality. One way in which these records can be complemented and improved is through the discovery, identification, and description of offshore upper-shelf tsunami deposits. This approach has proved especially successful in recent and past...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fred Hocker.

The recovery of the Swedish warship Vasa in 1961 from the waters of Stockholm harbour where it sank in 1628 on its maiden voyage represents one of the first large-scale excavations and stands as a pioneer in shipwreck recovery showing substantial remains. The remarkable state of preservation of the vessel and of its contents represented an enormous challenge and the techniques and methods for recovery, conservation, interpretation and research have paved the way for other large scale projects to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelly Jenks.

Generations of American anthropologists have studied the process of Spanish colonization through the lens of ethnicity, considering how interactions between colonial and indigenous populations resulted in the mixing and reformulation of ethnic identities. This approach works well in the early colonial period, when colonial society was organized into a system of ‘castas’ that were determined, in large part, by one’s ethnic heritage. It is less appropriate during the late colonial and early...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean-François Moreau. Karlis Karklins.

Generations of American anthropologists have studied the process of Spanish colonization through the lens of ethnicity, considering how interactions between colonial and indigenous populations resulted in the mixing and reformulation of ethnic identities. This approach works well in the early colonial period, when colonial society was organized into a system of ‘castas’ that were determined, in large part, by one’s ethnic heritage. It is less appropriate during the late colonial and early...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Ogborne. Dessa Lightfoot.

The Department of Archaeology and Landscapes at Thomas Jefferson’s Poplar Forest is currently engaged in an extensive re-analysis of the Wing of Offices archaeological collection. The Wing was a dependency of four rooms designed for cooking and other domestic activities. It was added to Jefferson’s octagonal retreat home in 1813 and removed around 1840. As part of this re-analysis, the faunal remains from the Wing are being revisited and re-evaluated. In this paper, we will build on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelby Rose.

This paper will present the latest developments in an effort to virtually construct and deconstruct the hull of Vasa, the Swedish warship sunk in 1628. Based on detailed measurements taken at the Vasa Museum in Stockholm, advanced 3-dimensional modeling allows for detailed structural analysis. These models are being used to determine the principles of naval architecture used by shipwrights to design Vasa’s hull. This project represents a significant methodological step forward in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Werner.

El Mirador was an expansive sugarcane and coffee estate established in the 1830s by European capital among a sparsely populated landscape of ranchers and smallholders in central Veracruz state, Mexico. Archaeological survey of the hacienda ‘s central processing facilities indicates the labor demands of the estate, while research into the civil and ecclesiastical records of births, marriages, and deaths among the resident workforce details the social and familial circumstances of these laborers....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patricia Markert.

The African American community of Timbuctoo, New Jersey, has existed as an archaeological site for little more than five years. As archaeologists, it is essential to evaluate this community, which sits directly at the crossroads between race in the past and race in the present, in the context of not only how it existed in the 19th and 20th centuries, but how it continues to exist today. The living former residents of the community contribute their life experiences of the 20th century in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Pemberton. Martha Zierden.

Charleston, South Carolina is the only walled city in British colonial North America. Fearing the settlement’s position “in the very chap of the Spaniard,” the English enclosed roughly sixty acres of high ground in thick walls of brick and earth. As these threats diminished and Charles Town expanded economically, the fortifications were abandoned and demolished. This defensive feature is largely invisible, in both landscape and imagination. Recently the Walled City Task Force excavated the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Craig Sheldon.

Forty years of historical and archaeological research revealed three sequential versions of Fort Toulouse and adjacent French and Indian communities at the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers in Alabama. Each of the four-bastioned palisaded forts varied in architectural and construction details due to differences in armaments, garrison size and composition, local conditions, administrative policies, and French perceptions of colonial British military threats. More critical to forty-six...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace Tsai.

WARWICK, an English race-built galleon belonging to Sir Robert Rich, arrived at Castle Harbor, Bermuda on October 20th, 1619. Its mission was to bring settlers, supplies, and Captain Nathaniel Butler, from England to the newly established plantation colony at Jamestown, Virginia. At the end of November, a hurricane drove the ship into shallow reefs and steep cliffs where it sank. WARWICK was fully excavated under the direction of Dr. Piotr Bojakowski and Dr. Katie Custer between 2010 and 2012....

DOCUMENT Citation Only April Beisaw.

New York’s Catskill region contains innumerable ruins. To outsiders, they are a reminder that rural life is a struggle. To insiders, these ruins are the debris of a government project. Millions of New York City (NYC) residents need clean water, and the Catskill region is their main source. The city began depopulating the Catskills over 100 years ago when towns were submerged to create the Ashokan Reservoir. Many left but those who remained reorganized their lives around the reservoir. Increasing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amanda Crompton. Lisa Rankin.

From the sixteenth through to the eighteenth century, the French were increasingly drawn to southern Labrador to extract marine resources. Through accidental, incidental, and purposeful encounters, French and Inuit became linked together in an increasingly dense set of connections. The French colonization of southern Labrador was not a steady process of the imposition of domination. Rather, this colonization should best be conceived of as an untidy process, dictated by individual desires and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa Rankin. Amanda Crompton.

Inuit peoples colonized southern Labrador by the sixteenth century, drawn at least in part by the desire to obtain European materials from seasonally and later permanently resident French colonists. Traditionally, archaeologists have framed the Labrador Inuit story with reference to the ethnographic and archaeological record. Although documentary evidence exists, it is generally considered biased and used sparingly. A re-evaluation of this evidence using social history should enable a much more...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Wade Catts.

General John Burgoyne surrendered his British army at Saratoga in October 1777, marking great victory for the American rebels. Four years later in the spring of 1781 the remnants of that army marched to a north-facing hillside on the Pennsylvania frontier of York County and built a prisoner-of-war camp. Referred to as the Convention Army, the York County site was the fourth such camp these British soldiers and their families had called home. In January 1782 the Convention Army was joined by the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jun Sunseri.

Scales and levels of organization are important reference frameworks for archaeological explorations of past human behavior, but they are often confusingly interwoven in the literature. Overarching themes of investigation may include several, overlapping scales of evidence. For example, in organizing units of analysis to investigate community scales of action, archaeologists may contend with aggregates of organized human activity oriented along relationship continuums that include portions of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa Marie Anselmi.

European-introduced smelted copper and/or brass kettles and sheet metal were used as raw material by Native peoples in Northeastern North America beginning with their earliest contacts and it continued to be used well into the Colonial period. This material was recycled from the introduced shapes into forms, such as aglets, tubular beads and triangular projectile points, which were more useful to their creators. This paper presents the analysis of twelve assemblages of copper-base metal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Fitzhugh. Erik Phaneuf.

Since Red Bay much information on 16th C.Basque whaling has become available. However, few sites have been excavated intensively, and none shed light on post-1600 activities. Hare Harbor-1 provides information on a 17th/early 18th C. fishing station of probable French Basque origin. Like Red Bay, the site offers land and underwater deposits, with the latter especially rich in organic and ceramic remains. The land site includes both Basque and Inuit structures, an industrial charcoal production...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonathan Benjamin.

Since Red Bay much information on 16th C.Basque whaling has become available. However, few sites have been excavated intensively, and none shed light on post-1600 activities. Hare Harbor-1 provides information on a 17th/early 18th C. fishing station of probable French Basque origin. Like Red Bay, the site offers land and underwater deposits, with the latter especially rich in organic and ceramic remains. The land site includes both Basque and Inuit structures, an industrial charcoal production...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Agustin Azkarate. Sergio Escribano-Ruiz.

Various whaling stations in Labrador were identified and excavated in the 1980s thanks to the work of several Basque archaeologists. Two of the stations, Chateau Bay and Pleasure Harbour, were the subject of systematic excavations. The important results obtained complement and enrich the Basque fisheries model, and yet Canadian archaeological histiography ignores or omits that contribution. The predominant model has been fixed and consolidated around the Red Bay excavations. Neither the case...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alex Lehning.

An archaeological field school is a professional learning experience that, for most students in the field, is one of the first steps towards officially beginning a career. For nautical archaeologists in particular, this critical component of their training and development is especially important. In addition to documentation skills and methodology, there is another level of competencies and techniques required to ensure safety in a challenging occupational environment. There has been a steady...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara Belkin. Travis Parno.

An archaeological field school is a professional learning experience that, for most students in the field, is one of the first steps towards officially beginning a career. For nautical archaeologists in particular, this critical component of their training and development is especially important. In addition to documentation skills and methodology, there is another level of competencies and techniques required to ensure safety in a challenging occupational environment. There has been a steady...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ben Ford.

This paper will discuss landscape archaeology as viewed from the water. Following the theme of questions that count, it will attempt to address a series of questions: Does the landscape change when viewed from the water? How best to approach landscapes as viewed from the water? What is the relationship between geography, technology, and culture in approaching a landscape from water? And finally, what is the role of maritime landscapes in the larger field of landscape archaeology? In order to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bert Ho.

Between Maine in the U.S. and New Brunswick, Canada flows the St. Croix River into the Bay of Fundy and Atlantic Ocean. Its significance as a river border for the U.S. and Canada is far exceeded by its historical significance and role in the eventual founding of more permanent French settlements. With the abundance of resources favored by the French explorers in the early 17th century, the St. Croix River provided an attractive setting for an oft forgotten attempted settlement on a small island...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Asmeret Mehari.

A beginning question for the practice of archaeology in Africa in the future is how has Historical Archaeology been presented in classrooms and field schools thus far? Thus far Historical Archaeology is simply presented as a module in methodological approaches in archaeology. It is rarely if ever taught within field school settings. A key question for the future is how should Historical Archaeology be taught in African Universities and how might it be integrated with the teaching and practice of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hank Lutton.

The destruction of Secretary Thomas Nelson’s ca. 1755 house’occupied by Lord Cornwallis as his headquarters during the siege of Yorktown (1781)’forever transformed the estate of an elite Virginian into a potent, nationalistic icon for a newly independent nation. Travel accounts and art depict the shattered house conspicuously. While the owner is often misidentified, the site’s role in the demise of British rule is never omitted. Archaeological excavations and documentary research conducted at...