Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions) 2017

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peggy Brunache. Sharyn Jones.

The Parker Academy, founded in 1839 in southern Ohio, was the first secondary school in the country to house multiracial, coeducational classrooms. Furthermore, several primary sources suggest it was also a participatory component of the Underground Railroad network. This paper highlights our findings of recent excavations and continuing archival research to explore how the school was a site of everyday resistance under a framework of transformative change through education for a multi-racial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kay Hindes. Susan R Snow.

The Mission San Antonio de Valero (known as The Alamo) was established in 1718, by Father Antonio Olivares. The mission was believed to be located in its first location for about 12 months before it was moved to a second location. The third and final location is where it is located today in Alamo Plaza. The first site location has been lost for almost 300 years. In February, 2013, Kay Hindes, City Archaeologist for the City of San Antonio located a number of artifacts that are colonial in age in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melanie S Lerman.

This paper aims to understand processes of change and continuity by examining how the introduction of European manufactured glass beads in the 16th-19th centuries affected preexisting native shell bead consumption strategies in Southern California. Data from two different coastal burial sites that were occupied by the Tongva/Gabrieliño people will be analyzed; one from an 1877 excavation on Santa Catalina Island that has virtually no provenience information, and another from more recent...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John C. Bright.

The clear, fresh waters of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary offer an ideal testing ground for acoustic and light-based imaging systems. During the 2016 field season, Thunder Bay researchers conducted several field operations to acquire, process, and compare side scan sonar, multibeam sonar, laser-scanner, and photogrammetric data at numerous archaeological shipwreck sites. The resulting analysis provided valuable insights into this array of remote sensing systems in terms of their ability...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lukáš Holata. Michal Preusz.

Settlement and landscape transformations in Central Europe during the Early Modern/Modern period were beyond interest until 1990s and, ironically, remain insufficiently recognised despite better preservation of sites, larger collections of artefacts and broader data sources. Nevertheless, complexity of sites, often with extensive destructions, and a requirement of integration very variable data sources (especially a combination with written evidence and historical maps is significant) generate a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Benjamin Jones. Fraser Sturt.

This report presents an accuracy analysis of the 2016 underwater photogrammetric survey of the HMS Invincible, an at-risk British wreck of historic import, which afforded the opportunity to compare the three-dimensional models generated by a variety of widely available cameras. In a two-phase project, photogrammetric data from the Invincible wreck site was compared against swath bathymetry, and the cameras used onsite were tested on reference objects under controlled pool conditions. The results...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah E. Piner.

It can be difficult to interact with a large artifact actively undergoing conservation treatment and desalination. The artifact is almost constantly submerged in a treatment bath making it impossible or impractical for the archaeologist to study the particularities and imperfections of the object. This can postpone significant archaeological interpretation for years. By digitally reconstructing USS Monitor’s iconic gun turret, using photogrammetry and laser scanning, USS Monitor Center staff at...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul J Logue.

Historical archaeology in the north of Ireland offers much to the global debate on identity and cultural interaction. There, social order in the post-medieval period has been portrayed as representing a culturally isolated conservative society: a point of contrast with ‘civilised’ Europe. North Irish elites are traditionally believed to have used earth and timber indigenous sites as alternatives to a supposedly more mainstream European architectural lexicon. Recent studies challenge this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tara Ruttley. Cynthia Ericson. Kenneth Brown.

In 1986, the University of Houston began conducting archaeological excavations at the Levi-Jordan Plantation in Brazoria County, Tx in an effort to recover contextual material that would reveal information about the enslaved community, sharecroppers, and tenants who lived at the plantation. Established in 1848, the plantation was home to nearly 150 slaves at its pre-civil war peak, and was a major producer of both sugar and cotton. Early excavations of the curer’s cabin and church revealed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles D Bendig.

Over the past four years University of West Florida archaeologists have excavated the amidships area of the Emanuel Point II (EP II) shipwreck, which was once part of the ill-fated 1559 Spanish colonizing expedition led by Tristán de Luna y Arellano. During excavation, staff and students were able to uncover and record the mainmast step and location for two bilge pumps. Archaeologists also recorded and systematically removed over 30 disarticulated timbers related to the pump well enclosure....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jose L Casaban.

During the 16th century, the evolution of the Spanish galleon as an oceangoing warship followed a different pattern than in other European nations. The galleon was the product of a maritime tradition developed in Spain that combined Mediterranean and Atlantic design and construction methods. It was designed to protect the fleets of the Indies run, the first permanent interoceanic system from Europe to America, and to defend the Spanish territories overseas and the Iberian Peninsula. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Scott.

A very large battle damaged artifact, a M1917 French Renault tank, at the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Missouri was subjected to analysis with an ALS (altenative light source) in order to identify and bring out faded painted markings. The ALS aided in identifying the tank as a vehicle assigned to the First French Tank Regiment. Work witht the ALS also helped more clearly identify the tank maintenance crew as Americans mechanic trainees who scratched their names on the inside of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Louise Tizzard.

The last 15 years have seen a massive increase in offshore development around the UK which has provided archaeologists the opportunity to find and examine new sites from areas of seafloor, in deeper waters and further from the coastline than was previously possible.   In particular, collaboration between archaeologists, geologists, engineers and other stakeholders has significantly advanced our understanding of preservation of inundated palaeolandscapes over large areas, and the potential for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alicia Valentino.

An inconspicuous city block near today’s Pike Place Market held the remains of a 19th century shantytown, evicted in 1902 to prepare for the Great Northern Railroad tunnel beneath Seattle. Construction monitoring of a modern development yielded the remnants of middens and privies dating as early as the 1880s. Spared from the city’s major regrade projects, photographs, maps, and artifacts demonstrate that this parcel was once part of the dense carpet of "squatter’s cabins" covering the city’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Xurxo Ayán. Carlos Tejerizo. Josu Santamarina. José Señorán.

Structural and physical violence are common instruments used by dictatorial regimes in order to impose their hegemony and to gain legitimacy within local communities. At the same time, repression usually entails resistance from individuals and societies, which may be active or passive, physic or ideological. Both repression and resistance are materialized in landscapes and objects which can be analysed through Archaeology, telling stories not visible by other means. In this paper, we will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kim Christensen.

San Francisco, and the Bay Area more broadly, is currently an epicenter of gentrification due largely to the tech economy.  Higher education is implicated in these processes too, though, as universities expand due to increased enrollment pressures.  This paper explores how these intersecting issues have played out during the first semester of teaching "Introduction to Archaeology" for the UC Berkeley/UC Extension San Francisco Fall Program for Freshmen as part of the American Cultures Engaged...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jay Sturdevant. Dawn Bringelson.

As part of the NPS centennial celebration, Knife River Indian Villages NHS and the Midwest Archeological Center hosted a citizen-science event focused on engaging local area Middle School students. The ArcheoBlitz was designed as a multi-day event to highlight research activities focused on the history and resources preserved at the park. The event was loosely modeled on Bio-Blitz events that have successfully been used by the NPS and National Geographic Society to gather natural resources...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelley ScudderTemple. Michael Pateman.

Archaeologists, anthropologists, researchers and educators are all aware of crucial role that archival documents play in the discovery process. Those who work in the Caribbean are painfully aware of the absence of accessible archived documents in many island nations.  During the summer of 2016, through a grant with the British Library Endangered Archives Program (EAP914), the Zemi Foundation began working with the Turks and Caicos National Museum on the development of a National Archives. A...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine L Clevenger.

This paper highlights the benefits of utilizing low-cost remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to photograph and record video footage of several shipwrecks in the Great Lakes. Using such methods, data can be used to create photogrammetric models and orthomosaics of wreck sites, which can then facilitate the creation of scaled, two-dimensional digital site plans. In comparing digital site plans to those produced using traditional mapping techniques, it is possible to determine the accuracy of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cézar Sebastião Mahumane.

Following discovery of sea route around the Cape by Vasco da Gama in 1498 that opened the maritime trade between Europe and India, Mozambique Island-which served as capital of Portuguese East Africa from 1507 to 1898-came to play an important role in mediating the maritime interactions that subsequently emerged. The Island’s underwater archaeological heritage that results from this history has been heavily impacted over the last decade by commercial salvage activity as assessed in 2015 by the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan Lickliter-Mundon.

In 1944, factory workers and community members from Tulsa, OK financed the last B-24 Liberator built by the Tulsa Douglas Aircraft plant. They named her Tulsamerican, signed and wrote messages on her fuselage, and sent her to Europe with a part Tulsa crew. She crashed off the coast of Croatia after a bombing mission but was never forgotten as a WWII community icon. After imaging and preservation surveys in 2014 and 2015, researchers are now preparing for the recovery of remains and personal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Noel Harris.

Popular histories portray the Republic of Texas capital city of Austin between 1839 and 1846 as a crude frontier town, characterized by Anglo-American heroism and material deprivation. By stressing these aspects of Republic-era life, such histories omit many facets of early Austin’s social history, including enslaved forced migration and individualism that diverge from this narrative. This research carefully examines extant objects, architecture, and primary source documents to suggest an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren M Christian. Victoria L Kiefer.

Often overlooked in the story of the westward settlement of America, transportation of passengers and cargo through the Great Lakes and northern river systems accounted for a substantial volume of migrant travel. From the mid-1800s through the 1930s, passenger steamers on the Great Lakes were designed to combine luxury and speed. The Goodrich Transit Company, for example, was one of the longest operating (1856-1933) and most successful passenger steamship lines on the Great Lakes. Passage on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly Urban.

In 1717, the French slaver La Concorde de Nantes was captured by pirates and renamed the Queen Anne’s Revenge (QAR). It is believed that the pirates removed the enslaved Africans before taking the ship. However, some scholars believe the pirates sold the slaves in North Carolina. One marker of a ships involvement in the slave trade are beads. Physical examination of beads is used to determine the date and country of manufacture and used to correlate a ships involvement in the trade. Thus far,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Natalie Pope. Tracy A. Martin. William G. Green.

Archaeological investigations at an early 19th century historic site along the banks of the Lower Cape Fear River near Wilmington, North Carolina, uncovered evidence of a small blacksmith shop and adjacent domestic occupation.  Archaeological features included the footprint of the burned blacksmith shop, approximately 15 by 15 feet in size, along with a dense scatter of charcoal, slag, and scrap iron.  Adjacent to this building were structural posts and artifacts that appear to be related to a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jess Hendrix.

In the mid-1820s the newly acquired American port town of Pensacola began to develop a huge military complex. Resulting from the demand for brick needed in the construction of a number of third-system masonry coastal forts and a Naval Yard, Pensacola developed a substantial brick industry almost overnight. Today, little remains of the many brickyards that supplied millions of bricks for forts located from New Orleans to the Dry Tortugas off the coast of Key West, Florida. Over the last several...

DOCUMENT Citation Only W. Stephen McBride.

Recent excavations at Camp Nelson Civil War Park, KY have focused on the William Berkele Sutler store, which was part of the camp’s commercial district. While excavating north of the Berkele Store, we unexpectedly found evidence of a photograph gallery which included a stencil cutting operation.  Both of these products were in demand for Civil War soldiers, the former to send portraits of themselves back to loved ones, perhaps for the last time, and the latter to mark and claim personal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William B. Lees.

In October of 1861 the camp of the 6th New York Volunteer Infantry was surprised and routed and the Battle of Santa Rosa Island ensued. Confederates destroyed the camp before being pushed off the island by regulars from nearby Fort Pickens. Research at the site was kicked off by an RPA-certified Advanced Metal Detecting for the Archaeologist training hosted by the University of West Florida, Florida Public Archaeology Network. Results expanded on the understanding of the site developed after the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allen Wilson. Michael P. Fedoroff.

The nature of the mission of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers--water management, and the dams and reservoirs necessary to accomplish this mission have resulted in many familial and community cemeteries on USACE land falling under the stewardship of the Corps. The desire to settle near productive bodies of water, the time period around which these areas were being settled, and the preference to establish these cemeteries on high grounds resulted in numerous examples of the "Upland South Folk...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin E. Uehlein.

The years following the Civil War and leading up to the Great Depression are largely left out of archaeological discourse. Whether as a result of perceived temporal insignificance (it’s not old enough!), or the assumed ephemerality of such assemblages, peoples dispossessed of their homes as a result of the greatest crisis in modern capitalism have been forgotten in mainstream discourse and effectively ignored by archaeologists. A focus on capitalism within historical archaeology supports this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason, T. Raupp. David Steinberg.

The American transport ship Florence D disappeared in the murky waters off of the Tiwi Islands after being bombed by Japanese fighter planes on their return from the first air attack on Darwin Harbour on 19 February 1942. Considered one Australia’s great wartime mysteries, the location of the site was unknown until discovered by a local fisherman in 2006. Archaeological investigations of the wreck later conducted by teams from the Northern Territory’s Heritage Branch verified the identity of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean Devlin. Lynsey A. Bates. Jillian Galle.

In this paper, we argue that site survey, prior to and in addition to open area excavation, is essential to addressing our understanding of the contested landscapes of plantation life. Building on a research strategy employed by DAACS on former British Caribbean plantations, preliminary results from 2016 fieldwork at the eighteenth-century Jamaican sugar estate of Stewart Castle suggest the methodological power and analytical opportunities of systematic shovel-test-pit (STP) survey. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeneva Wright.

USS Arizona, a steel-hulled battleship sunk in Pearl Harbor, HI on 7 December 1941, is an iconic American shipwreck, a war grave and memorial, and is among many shipwreck sites that contain large amounts of potential marine pollutants. Unlike most similar sites, however, USS Arizona has been the subject of long-term and ongoing corrosion studies aimed at understanding and modeling the nature of structural changes to the hull. Gaining a detailed understanding of the interaction between the marine...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Eiring.

Few universal protocols are in place for cemetery preservation and its associated records. Typically, vandalism is associated with physical objects. Often overlooked are the written records. Despite the potential wealth of information, there is currently no guarantee that the record keeping of a cemetery or individual gravemarkers exists or is accurate. The selective disclosure of information or manipulation of records-or documentary vandalism- can lead to vandalized historical records and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only A. Dudley Gardner.

The Chinese settlement in this nineteenth century southwestern Wyoming coal mining town has unique elements.  On September 2, 1885, when Chinatown was attacked and burned to the ground.  This attack was devastating but by 1885 the Chinese immigrant population that lived in Rock Springs had developed a well-ordered, sophisticated interaction sphere that extended to most mining and railroad communities in southern Wyoming.  This presentation looks at how the archaeological evidence from Chinatown...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert W. McQueen.

Recorded in 1994 and excavated in 2009, site 26LA3061 is a late-19th century Chinese workmen’s camp located in the heart of central Nevada’s Cortez Mining District. The site had multiple habitations including dugouts, tent flats, and stone ruins, which yielded several interesting finds—the 6,000+ artifacts included domestic and foreign coins, lots of opium paraphernalia, and a lock of hair that underwent DNA testing. Cortez was infamous for its successful hiring of a large force of Chinese...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jade W Luiz.

Although prostitution was illegal in 19th-century Boston, it was not carried out in secret, nor did it produce so ephemeral a trace as to render it invisible in the historical and archaeological record. Study of material remains from the 27/29 Endicott Street brothel demonstrates the multi-layered realities of brothel life as the residents of the brothel developed strategies for coping with being purchased for ostensibly intimate acts that were in fact commercial transactions. These strategies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandra Martin. Ana C. Opishinski.

Strawbery Banke Museum is an outdoor history museum in Portsmouth, NH with over 40 historic houses.  The majority of these buildings sit on their original foundations, enabling archaeological research into the daily lives of the historic neighborhood’s residents.  Recently, the primary motivation for museum excavations has been in preparation for construction work planned by the museum’s Heritage House Program.  This presentation will describe how the archaeology department works in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael J. Meyer.

In 2015, the Missouri Department of Transportation investigated a mid-nineteenth century property formerly known as the Racine House. From 1850 until 1872, the house operated as a coffee shop, saloon, boarding house, hotel, and general gathering place for working class men. Catering almost exclusively to French-Canadian immigrants, the Racine House was one of many such "social clubs" in this heavily-Germanic neighborhood. Recent archeological excavations uncovered a pair of features located...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Alston Bridges.

During the Early Republican Period, the sugar industry increasingly connected a fledgling Salvadoran country to a global market. A creolized labor force produced sugar on large estates known as haciendas. The hacienda was a crossroads of indigenous, African, and European interests as evidenced in the ceramic landscapes of the Río Ceniza Valley. The extensive organization of labor, on a periphery of the Spanish Empire, was underscored by a complex set of power relations. This research focuses on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A. Comer. Kathy Abbott.

During restoration of a ca.1817 worker’s house in Catoctin Furnace, Maryland, 103 articles of clothing were discovered inserted between the eaves. The heavily worn and patched clothing for men, women and children includes both current fashion and utilitarian articles. An extraordinary discovery in its own right, the dataset is augmented by the recovery of over 200 buttons, as well as pins, needles, and shoes from excavation beneath the floorboards of the house. This paper shares research on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth M Scott.

All of France’s New World colonies were based on relationships with particular geographies, according to the products and resources wanted by the Crown, which may be thought of as the ultimate "consumer" of French colonial landscapes.  Colonists and French descendant communities engaged with these different landscapes for both commercial and family subsistence purposes.  Obtaining, producing, and moving such resources as furs, wheat and flour, hams, bear oil, salt, and sugar required a variety...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valerie J Grussing.

The Characterizing Tribal Cultural Landscapes project outlines a proactive approach to working with indigenous communities to identify tribally significant places, in advance of proposed undertakings. A collaborative effort among BOEM, NOAA, tribal facilitators, and the THPOs of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde in Oregon, Yurok Tribe in California, and Makah Tribe in Washington, we use a holistic cultural landscape approach to model methods and best practices for agencies and tribes to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Chidester. Maura Johnson.

Yard signs proclaiming, "Family Farms Not Factory Farms!" are a common site along rural highways in the Midwest. These signs are a direct response to the tremendous growth of corporate agriculture during the second half of the 20th century and the concomitant decline of the traditional farming model in which a single family owns and operates a productive, commercial farm. While most lay people likely assume that "factory farms" are a fairly recent economic phenomenon, in reality land...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melanie Damour. Leila Hamdan. Jennifer Salerno. Robert Church. Daniel Warren. Christopher Horrell.

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and partners implemented a multidisciplinary study in 2013 to examine impacts from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deepwater shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck Corrosion, Hydrocarbon Exposure, Microbiology, and Archaeology Project, or GOM-SCHEMA, conducted a comparative analysis to assess micro- to macroscale impacts from the spill by examining microbial community biodiversity, their role in artificial reef formation, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Timo.

Juan Pardo and his men arrived in western North Carolina 450 years ago hoping to establish an overland route from the capital of Spanish Florida at Santa Elena (Parris Island, SC) to the silver mines of Zacatecas, Mexico. Excavations at one of the Pardo-established forts (known as Fort San Juan, Joara, and the Berry Site) began in 1986. Public engagement has been a key component from the first field season. This paper will discuss the evolving role outreach has played in the continuing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis Parno. Timothy Riordan.

In the early 1980s, archaeologists surveying the northern yard of the Leonard Calvert house (c. 1635) in Historic St. Mary’s City (HSMC) uncovered small segments of a wide, gently curving fence trench that offered more questions than answers. Nearly 30 years later, over the course of multiple field school seasons, HSMC archaeologists explored more of the curious feature and revealed what appears to have been an oval-shaped fence with a single post at its center. Initial interpretation has...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathleen L Wheeler. Thomas A Crist. Mihai Constantinescu. Andrei Soficaru. Florina Raicu.

Little documentary or archaeological information currently exists regarding the presence of people of African descent in Eastern Europe during the historical period.  Known to have arrived in Europe with the Romans, free and enslaved Africans were common members of European society by the advent of the Renaissance, especially in the Moorish territories and the Ottoman Empire.  At the cemetery site of Suceava, located in northeastern Romania, archaeologists in the 1950s excavated two sets of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David W Scheidecker.

Secluded within a remote cattle pasture on the Big Cypress Seminole Reservation sits a concrete marker from the 1940’s declaring it to be the location of Fort Shackelford, a US Army outpost built in 1855 during the prelude to the Third Seminole war. Investigations to verify the location however turned up a complex history. Historical research not only cast doubt on the marker’s accuracy, but revealed a cautionary tale of misinformation, looting, site tampering, and tribal sovereignty. Now,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Nassaney.

The field of historical archaeology is indebted to its founders who charted a path for inquiry into the post-Columbian world. Among them was George Irving Quimby who developed a relatively robust database that he used to order sites chronologically in the western Great Lakes region. However, he struggled to rectify observations that contradicted his theoretical framework of acculturation such as the persistence of Native subsistence and settlement practices despite Native adoption of European...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stewart Hood.

The refrigerated fruit cargo vessel, SS. San Pablo was torpedoed while docked at Puerto Limon, Costa Rica in 1942 by German U-boat 161.  Prior to its sinking, the vessel allowed the United Fruit Company to maintain a near monopoly in the Caribbean and Latin American region.  The vessel was later raised and sunk again in 1944 in the Gulf of Mexico near Pensacola, Fl. as part of a test project headed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the United States Army Air Force (USAAF).  The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Dunnavant.

The Wolaita people are a minority cultural group within southern Ethiopia. In 1896 Emperor Menelik of Abyssinia engaged in one of his bloodiest campaigns to unseat King Tona and absorb the land and people under the aegis of the Abyssinian Empire. Since then, the Wolaita and other southern groups have been ascribed relatively marginal status in larger representations of Ethiopian identity. In 1994, however, the Ethiopian government began to actively facilitate the development of cultural museums...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adam S. Wiewel.

The Mandan/Arikara earthlodge village adjacent to the American Fur Company’s Fort Clark in North Dakota is well-documented, appearing in the accounts and depictions of Catlin, Maximilian, and Bodmer, among others. The village was originally constructed in 1822 by the Mandans, who occupied the settlement until the widespread 1837 smallpox epidemic, after which the Arikaras appropriated the village. Historical documents suggest the Mandans and Arikaras traded crucial resources, namely maize, to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eve H Dewan.

The Archaeology of College Hill is a course at Brown University, taught by two graduate students, that aims to train undergraduates in various field methods, documentary research, and readings and discussions of archaeological theory. In 2016, the course underwent several exciting changes. First, it relocated from Brown’s campus, where it had been conducting excavations for several years, to the nearby Moses Brown School. This paper presents the results of two seasons of fieldwork at this new...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Henry M Miller. Jay Custer.

An archaeological rescue project in 1990 on the "My Lord’s Gift" site (18QU30) in Queen Anne, County, Maryland revealed a fascinating complex of colonial structures.  This tract was granted by Lord Baltimore in 1658 to Henry Coursey, an Irish immigrant and important official in the colony’s government.    Excavators found a variety of architecture represented at the site.  The largest building they uncovered was the substantial cobble stone foundation of an unusual T-Plan house with a massive...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan D. Postemski.

Contemporary landscapes represent the accumulation of past human activity and changes in environmental composition. In the case of Maine, however, dense forests largely conceal the once agrarian landscape. To unravel the complex history of Maine lands, I consider how pioneer perceptions and activities (e.g., settlement, cultivation, or hunting) since the seventeenth century impacted and changed the "nature" of the frontier. Focusing on fauna in particular, I examine historical accounts to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Cannon. ken reid. Joel Pederson. Molly Boeka Cannon. Houston Martin. Kelsey Wetzel.

On the frigid morning of 29 January 1863 the California Volunteers under the command of Patrick Connor attacked the Shoshone village at Bia Ogoi in response to ongoing hostilities between whites and Native groups.  The result was the death of at least 250 Shoshone, many of them women and children, and 21 soldiers.  Over the course of the past 150 years extensive landscape modification has occurred from both natural and human agents obscuring the events of this fateful day.  A major focus of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark A Rees.

In 1765 more than 200 Acadian émigrés from Nova Scotia arrived in south Louisiana and established the colony of Nouvelle Acadie along the natural levees of the Bayou Teche.  Joined by fellow exiles and extended family, two centuries later their numerous descendants experienced a cultural revitalization as Cajuns living in a colonized homeland called Acadiana. During the past three years the New Acadia Project has surveyed portions of the Teche Ridge in search of the original home sites and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Juanita Bonnifield. Wanda Raschkow. Erin Dempsey. Elizabeth A. Horton. Elaine Dorset.

On 18 October 2015, a severe storm system stalled out over Death Valley National Park resulting in a massive flood. Rushing flood waters heavily damaged roads, utilities, archaeological sites, and buildings. Grapevine Canyon, a major canyon in the northwest portion of the park and home to the historic Scotty’s Castle, was among the areas hit hardest. Post-flood condition assessments on thirty  archaeological sites determined that within the canyon, pre-contact and historical archaeological sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristina J. Fricker. Sean C. Cox. Trevor Hough.

Ancient naval warfare is a subject of fascination for many archaeologists, but little is known about the actual warships; the lack of available archaeological material makes the study of naval warfare largely hypothetical.  The recovery of the Athlit Ram in 1980 and other subsequent finds, such as the Egadi Rams, expanded the available archaeological material drastically, and may provide some insight as to the physical characteristics and limitations of warships of the era.  The purpose of this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Espersen. Jay Haviser.

This paper analyses continuity and change in burial practices through time on Saba, Dutch Caribbean, from first colonization in the mid seventeenth century to the modern era.  The Saban tradition of stone-lined vaults surrounding the buried coffin is a cultural element from English migrants that dates back to early Welsh and Anglo-Saxon burial traditions, and continues into the present day.  This practice, however, appears to be limited to the free dominant culture, as it has not been observed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Naunapper.

History of the Great Lakes Fox Wars (AD 1680-1730) is embedded within broader historical narratives that are based upon early modern period primary source material. Archaeologists use the narratives to assign material culture meaning by matching archaeological assemblages to what is known about the historic past. Some decades-old unanswered (or seemingly unanswerable) questions posed by this highly complex temporal period, however, appear to be rooted in a selective use of historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin S. Schwartz.

Although the term "plantation" is typically associated with agricultural enterprises, the Buffalo Forge industrial plantation in southwest Virginia evades simple classification. The antebellum iron forge complex anchored a diverse array of people and places, employing varying ratios of freed, enslaved, white, black, and male and female workers in its industrial, agricultural, and domestic operations. While extensive documentary analysis on Buffalo Forge's masters and slaves has been conducted by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ethics Bowl Committee.

Welcome to the SHA’s fourth annual Ethics Bowl! Sponsored by the APTC Student Subcommittee and aided by the Ethic Committee, this event is designed to challenge students in terrestrial and underwater archaeology with case studies relevant to ethical issues that they may encounter in their careers. Teams will be scored on clarity, depth, focus, and judgment in their responses. The bowl is intended to foster both good-natured competition between students from many different backgrounds and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marley Brown III.

Through a series of brief case studies drawn from archaeological research in Plymouth, Massachusetts, Portsmouth, Rhode Island, Williamsburg, Virginia, St. George's, Bermuda, and Bridgetown, Barbados, this paper examines how American historical archaeology has developed its understanding of Britain's establishment of its colonies throughout the New World. It is argued that the gradual but significant shift in geographic scale from regional specialization to frameworks like the Atlantic World,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jack Gary.

A sealed context dating to the mid-17th century at Poplar Forest, Thomas Jefferson’s plantation and retreat in Bedford County, Virginia has provided an opportunity to examine aspects of the protohistoric environment prior to the introduction of large-scale European agriculture in the 18th and 19th centuries. Palynological analysis conducted on this context reveals ratios of arboreal to non-arboreal pollen as well as the presence or absence of disturbance indicators that provide a baseline for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dustin W Conklin.

In the early 20th century, agricultural professionals classified the farmland located along the Hector Backbone as submarginal. They cited poor soil conditions and unfavorable topography, which resulted in substandard production, as primary culprits. Subsequently, New Deal legislation provided the framework to remove submarginal farms from production. Archaeological research has shown that these environmental conditions do not adhere to the classification scheme.  Additionally, the spatial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Seth J Sampson.

Late nineteenth century and early twentieth century mining was focused on more than mining precious metals (gold and silver).  Shady Myrick mined bloodstone, opals, moonstone, topaz, and what came to be called Myrickite.  From his arrival in the Mojave Desert in 1900 to his death in 1925, Shady Myrick staked numerous mineral claims and worked dozens of gemstone mines around Johannesburg and Randsburg, CA on what is now Bureau of Land Management Land, Naval Air Weapons Station, China Lake, Fort...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eugene M Costello.

In much of Ireland, from early medieval times up to the 19th century, it was common practice to take livestock - cattle especially - up to the hills and mountains for the summer. This was a small-scale transhumance known as booleying, and involved the relocation of a minority of people with livestock to the upland areas. Here they lived in summer (booley) huts and tended to milch cows. The remains of these structures are now the best archaeological evidence of the practice ever taking place....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Loftus.

Life following emancipation in the southern United States during the late nineteenth and twentieth century was marked by painful static continuities and contradictions as people worked to dismantle deeply engrained structures and ideologies of white supremacy. The following considers this period of transformation on a local scale, looking at the household consumption choices of the Davis family, members of the Bethel African American community in East Texas. They and their fellow black neighbors...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kim A. McBride.

This paper presents recent excavations at two domestic sites in Menifee County, Kentucky.  Information on site structure and material culture were obtained from the excavations, and combined with data from documentary and oral history sources.   The area, now fairly remote due to its position with the Daniel Boone National Forest, was once well connected as the end of the line of a logging railroad, and a community nucleus with a school, possibly a commissary type store, and railroad-based mail...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Wendy Van Duivenvoorde. Jonathan Benjamin.

Underwater archaeology, which has emerged as a distinct sub-discipline, has its own specific practical and theoretical debates, issues and history. Education in underwater archaeology, however, is challenging. In practice, the study and professional activity merges maritime sectors and industry with traditional academic archaeology. The UNITWIN Network for Underwater Archaeology aims to increase capacity through international cooperation. The Network is designed to enhance the protection and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Krueger. Justin Dix.

A study has been undertaken combining time lapse, high quality, bathymetric data and known wreck databases over the area known as the Goodwin Sands, a large sandbank in the English Channel. The Goodwins have a long history of shipwrecks primarily due to proximity to major shipping routes, and the extant archaeological record identifies wrecks from the 18th through the 20th Century. The recent availability of swath bathymetry acquired by the Maritime & Coastguard Agency as part of their Civil...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maria Smith.

Coalwood was a cordwood lumber camp operated by Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula at the turn of the twentieth century. Workers were encouraged to live there with their families to blunt labor tension and save the costs of boarding houses and dining facilities. Many children lived in the camp; in 1910 there were at least 43 children at Coalwood. Most workers were Finnish immigrants and all but five children were either Finnish immigrants or the children of Finnish...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Radek Světlík. Lukáš Holata.

This paper presents the methodological approaches and results of the expedition for documentation of abandoned Gulag camps and uranium mines in Kodar mountains where prisoners mined uranium for the first Soviet atomic bomb. The main goal of the expedition was to document these places for the purpose of creating a virtual tour and reconstruction in order to make it possible for the general public to visit places that are otherwise virtually inaccessible. We have been using a combination of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard Kanaski.

A small Gullah community once existed on the northern end of Harris Neck, Georgia.  This community, like their non-Gullah neighbors, was forced to move when the Department of War acquired the land in order to construct an Army airfield.  Since 1979, descendants have sought the return of 2400 acres.  Two descendant groups based their claims to this landscape on Margaret Harris' 1865 will, purported failure of the federal government to adequately compensate the Gullah land owners, and verbal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Armstrong.

Archaeological and historical research at the Harriet Tubman Home has generated an extensive body of new data that sheds light on the complex and idiosyncratic life of this American icon.  This paper will examines expressions of Tubman’s spirituality which reflect both community based ideals and individualized expressions.  Tubman was an African American woman of strong beliefs with ties to many churches and ideologies, and much of her life was dedicated to the common good.  She was an activist...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Miller.

Along Florida’s 8,000 miles of shoreline, nearly 4,000 archaeological sites and over 600 recorded historic cemeteries are at risk from coastal erosion and rising sea levels. The matter remains complex in Florida where despite the 20 percent higher rate of sea level rise compared to the global average, "climate change" remains politically taboo. This paper will outline ongoing efforts to engage the public in monitoring coastal sites, the creation of the Heritage Monitoring Scout (HMS Florida)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Phillip T. Ashlock II.

The recent advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and affordability of Drone Technology has brought about the capacity for archaeologists to employ these new technologies as an effective means of documenting archaeological resources including historic sites specifically threatened with the immediate impacts of rising sea levels and climate change in coastal regions. This paper will provide an overview of new methodologies developed for Unmanned Aerial Archaeological Systems (UAARS) and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Knoerlein.

David Knoerlein CEP a certified professional evidence photographer and president of Forensic Digital Imaging, Inc. will demonstrate the three basic elements needed to produce professional quality digital photographs for artifact and field photography. Dave will demonstrate how to capture museum quality images of artifacts utilizing inexpensive tabletop digital camera equipment, as well as easy to use point and shoot style digital cameras for field photography. In addition, Mr. Knoerlein will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Naomi J Woods.

Whanganui has a colourful history, from its beginnings as a planned New Zealand Company settlement in 1840, to a base for colonial warfare and then a hub for intensive farming of the surrounding hinterland by the turn of the twentieth century. The Maria Place cottages lay in the heart of this town, originally nestled between the two main stockades and subsequently becoming a part of the bustling central business district, and as such they have the potential to reveal a wealth of information...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Candace A Fleck.

This research demonstrates the importance of geomorphology in archaeological field observations and studies.  To receive accurate and faster results of terrestrial sites, one must see the area in a geomorphic view.  Just from recognizing geomorphic characteristics, one can see the patterns of how the environment has cultivated. Turning back chronologic time and being able to visualize how people lived in their environments is extremely important for any archaeologist.  The everyday life of past...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steve Dasovich. Gwyneth J Vollman.

With the invention of the mechanical, circular saw in 1928, can the spacing of the saw marks clue us in to what type of saw was used?  Saw marks on animal bones at two sites in St. Charles, MO are analyzed to determine if they were sawed by hand or by a machine and perhaps whether or not people used a circular saw or straight saw.  Irregular spacing is thought to be the hallmark of hand sawing and this paper will discuss the findings of differences in spacing and type of saw marks to aid in both...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Zych.

Following the discovery of unusual handmade chamber pots at Colonial Williamsburg last century, archaeologists began to identify colonoware in contexts throughout North America, the Caribbean, and beyond. Traditionally defined as the product of two or more disparate cultures, colonoware remains the most thoroughly studied category of "hybrid" objects in archaeology today. However, scholars now agree that a myopic emphasis on production –or, more accurately, on the racial identities of producers–...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Idah M. Whisenant.

Lake Pend Oreille is located 30 miles north of Coeur d’Alene in northern Idaho and has many intriguing aspects including the diverse human occupancy and uses of the lake and its surrounding area. The Native American, early European, and WWII naval training station presence demonstrates a varied and long history. The primary focus of this presentation are the Farragut Naval Training Station and Pend Oreille City history and material culture, in addition to the Native American's interaction with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only B Scott Rose.

A "Light Station" is no mere beacon - it is a complex of changing buildings on a footprint that has altered considerably over time due to fluctuations in its management and the world that surrounds it. This project gathered historic and archaeological data in order to illuminate potential relationships between economic and social investment in lighthouse complexes, and enhance our understanding of the multitude of factors that drive the establishment and development of lighthouse communities....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Sanger.

A comparative analysis of glass viewing windows present within interments during the Victorian Era and into the early twentieth century provides a unique perspective on the socioeconomic status of black and white communities throughout this time period, as well as an interpretation of assumptions made as to which individuals purchased these adornments for their dearly departed. This study examines Freedman’s Cemetery in Dallas, Texas, as well as seventy-nine other historic black and white...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tatiana Niculescu.

American Jewish history tends to focus on the often insular urban communities of the Northeast. Individuals and families arrived to the United States and settled in places like New York’s Lower East Side, seemingly self-contained enclaves of Jewish economic and social life. This story has become a trope.  However, many other Jewish immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries did not follow this pattern.  Instead these individuals ended up in small towns, establishing their own...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Oliver.

During the 2015 field season the Montpelier Archaeology Department excavated two smokehouses located in area known as the South Yard, home to enslaved domestic laborers. The excavations unearthed a large faunal assemblage spread across the yard between these structures. This paper serves as the initial findings of my Masters internship through the University of Maryland, which will look at the diet across the three enslaved communities present at Montpelier by comparing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew R Beaupre. Marley Brown III.

This paper examines two ends of the geographic spectrum along which the production of space can be expected to vary within the dynamics of colonial expansion. Employing case studies from Bermuda and the French colonial frontier, we analyze emerging border zones of the colonizer and the colonized, and the boundaries resulting from the replication of a persistent localism from the homeland. It is argued that the transition to multi-sited and multiscalar approaches within the historical archaeology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew Willard.

During the 2012 UWF maritime archaeological field school, a large, complex portion of ship structure was discovered directly aft of the articulated stern of the Emanuel Point II shipwreck. In addition to a small amount of ballast, the structure is comprised of planks and framing timbers along with associated artifacts. One primary focus of the past two field seasons was to determine if this structure represented additional remains of the EP II ship or if it might be the presence of an additional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Celia J. Bergoffen. Arnulf Hausleiter. Matthias Kolbe. Georgios Tsolakis.

Four adjoining, massive stone and brick lager vaults were discovered fourteen feet below grade in the heart of Williamsburg's former lager brewing district. Unlike other beers, lager yeast ferments at the bottom of the vat and the brew must age at low temperatures. Before refrigeration, this was accomplished in subterranean vaults. Introduced in the U.S. ca. 1840, lager took off in the 1850s when a major influx of thirsty German immigrants arrived in Williamsburg where the water was good and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text John S Harris.

This landscape archaeology-oriented presentation concerns on-going thesis research that seeks to change the way archaeologists perform site surveys, as the prevailing method of recording site surface vegetation is of little research value. This presentation seeks to draw attention to the under-appreciated value of surface vegetation at sites as ecofacts, offering a critique of how it is presently documented on site forms, and suggesting some procedural solutions to increase their usefulness to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsey Cochran. Nicholas Honerkamp. Cornelia Walker Bailey.

Slave cabins within two settlements at Bush Camp Field and Behavior on Sapelo Island, Georgia deviate from typical lowcountry Georgia architectural and landscape patterns. Rather than poured tabby duplexes arranged in a linear fashion, excavations in the 1990s by Ray Crook identified two wattle and tabby daub structures—both with slightly different architecture, and both built in an African creolized style. A 2016 University of Tennessee project attempted to locate additional slave cabins in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aaron Howe. Jan Brashler.

In this paper we examine archaeological data from Blendon Landing, a village centered on logging in Southwest Michigan during the mid-nineteenth century. When the logging ceased, most left. However archaeological and historical analysis suggests that a period of squatting occurred following Blendon Landing’s "abandonment". Squatting, as a ‘mode of existence’ outside the primary relations of capitalism, is often neglected in historical and archaeological research. Life, however, does not end with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Austin J George. Erika K Loveland.

A primary goal of the Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project is to ensure the community’s education and engagement with the investigation and interpretation of an eighteenth-century mission, garrison, and trading post in present day Niles, Michigan. This paper discusses how archaeologists, community members, and online viewers experience the site from a first person perspective. Throughout the 2016 field season, we filmed hours of point-of-view footage using two Go-Pro cameras to show the ways...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John C. Bright.

On 16 August, 1918, British tanker Mirlo was lost near Wimble Shoals, off the North Carolina Outer Banks. Of the vessels 52 crew, only 10 were lost as a result of one of the most dramatic rescues in US Coast Guard history. Despite the well-known story of the rescue operation, the precise cause of the tanker’s demise remains unknown, as does the vessel’s final resting place. Review of historical documents regarding the vessel’s construction and armament provide new details which shed light on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew Fearon. Christopher P. Morris.

Piecing together and conserving weathered timber skeletons of shipwrecks is a daunting undertaking in the best of circumstances. But, when those timbers are ripped from their resting place during a massive construction project, displaced, left exposed to the elements and general public, for weeks before being locked away, untreated, in storage for over a year, that undertaking can become a near impossible challenge. In the flurry of massive multi-agency infrastructure projects undertaken to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeffrey Mitchem. David Stahle. Timothy S. Mulvihill. Jami J. Lockhart.

Most archeologists agree that the Parkin site (3CS29) is the village of Casqui described in the chronicles of the Hernando de Soto expedition. When the Spaniards visited in 1541, one of the things they did was raise a cross atop the platform mound where the chief’s house stood. In 1966, archeologists found what they suggested was the base of this cross in a looter’s pit. Additional research in the early 1990s revealed that the post was made of bald cypress that was radiocarbon dated between 1515...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kami L Ahrens.

"Making the FrontierHome"is a digital project comprised of both traditional research methodology and photogrammetric digital reconstructions interwoven to explore gender roles and identity on the frontier during the mid-nineteenth century.  The project analyzes domestic artifacts excavated from the cargo of the Steamboat Bertrand, which sank in the Missouri River near DeSoto Bend, Iowa in 1865 on its way to the mining communities of Montana.  The Bertrand serves as a case study to explore life...