Hohokam Settlement Along the Slopes of the Picacho Mountains: The Picacho Area Sites
Summary
The third volume in the Tucson Aqueduct, Hohokam Studies Project presents the results of field investigations of sites in Reach 2 of the Tucson Aqueduct, Phase A project area. These investigations were directed towards both intensive and low level testing of a wide variety of sites in the area south of the Picacho Mountains and north of Red Rock, Arizona. Also reported are the results of on-call surveys of several areas outside of the aqueduct right-of-way. Investigations focused on portions of a large early Classic period village with a small Colonial period component, the McClellan Wash site, and a large Colonial period hamlet, the Picacho Pass site. Investigations were also carried out at the Rock Terrace site, a large dry-farming site used for the exploitation of Agave and wild plants; the Lizard Man Site, a specialized resource procurement and processing site with numerous bedrock mortars and metates; the Pecan Site, a small Colonial and early Classic period farmstead; and the Red Rock Reservoir, a pre-Classic period reservoir and resource procurement site. Small scale tests were conducted at a number of other small to moderate sized resource procurement and processing sites. These investigations revealed that the earliest occupation of the area was in the Archaic or late Pioneer period and the first evidence of major settlement was in the early Colonial period. There was a major reduction in occupation during the Sedentary period. New and larger settlements were founded in the early Classic period. Settlement peaked in the late Classic period when a large community was formed around a plat form mound northeast of the study area. Significant and early historic Piman remains were also documented at several sites. The Hohokam adaptation to this area was similar to that postulated for the Desert Branch of the Hohokam, with subsistence dependent on Chenoams, Agave, and wild plant foods. Little evidence of traditional corn agriculture was present until the early Classic period and even then it was very limited. Throughout the prehistoric occupation, the settlements appeared to be on the frontier between the Gila-Salt and Tucson basin core areas, exhibiting material culture traits from both areas. However, nonlocal resources and products were rare, indicating relatively little participation in regional interaction networks.
Cite this Record
Hohokam Settlement Along the Slopes of the Picacho Mountains: The Picacho Area Sites, 3. Richard Ciolek-Torello. Museum of Northern Arizona Research Paper ,35. Flagstaff, Arizona: Department of Anthropology, Museum of Northern Arizona. 1987 ( tDAR id: 378059) ; doi:10.6067/XCV81Z4585
This Resource is Part of the Following Collections
Keywords
Culture
Hohokam
Material
Ceramic
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Chipped Stone
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Fauna
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Ground Stone
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Human Remains
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Macrobotanical
Site Name
AZ AA:7:15(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:27(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:32(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:4(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:46A(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:46B(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:55(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:56(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:57(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:58(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:59(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:60(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:61(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:62(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:63(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:64(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:65(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:66(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:67(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:68(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:71(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:72(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:73(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:74(ASM)
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AZ AA:7:75(ASM)
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Lizard Man Site
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McClellan Wash Site
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NA18,017(MNA)
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NA18,018(MNA)
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NA18,019(MNA)
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NA18,020(MNA)
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NA18,021(MNA)
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NA18,022(MNA)
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NA18,023(MNA)
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NA18,030(MNA)
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NA18,031(MNA)
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NA18,032(MNA)
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NA18,033(MNA)
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NA18,034(MNA)
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NA18,035(MNA)
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NA18,036(MNA)
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NA18,037(MNA)
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NA18,038(MNA)
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NA18,039(MNA)
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NA18,040(MNA)
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NA18,041(MNA)
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NA18,042(MNA)
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NA18,043(MNA)
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NA18,044(MNA)
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NA18,046(MNA)
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NA18,047(MNA)
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NA18,048(MNA)
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NA18,049(MNA)
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NA18,050(MNA)
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NA18,051(MNA)
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NA18,052(MNA)
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NA18,053(MNA)
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NA18,055(MNA)
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NA18,057(MNA)
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NA18,268(MNA)
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NA18,280(MNA)
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NA18,319(MNA)
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Pecan Site
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Picacho Mound Site
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Picacho Pass Site
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Red Rock Reservoir
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Rock Terrace Site
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White Rabbit Site
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Yearling Site
Show More
Site Type
Agricultural Field or Field Feature
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Archaeological Feature
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Artifact Scatter
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Brush Structure
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Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
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Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
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Hamlet / Village
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Pit
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Pit House / Earth Lodge
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Refuse Pit
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Reservoir
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Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
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Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
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Rock Alignment
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Trash Midden
Investigation Types
Archaeological Overview
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Data Recovery / Excavation
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Site Evaluation / Testing
General
Agave processing
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Picacho Mountains Archaeology
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Picacho Mountains Prehistory
Geographic Keywords
McClellan Wash
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Picacho Mountains
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Picacho Reservoir
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Red Rock Reservoir
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Salt-Gila Aquaduct
Temporal Keywords
Hohokam Classic period
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Hohokam Late Classic period
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Hohokam Pioneer period
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Hohokam pre-Classic period
Spatial Coverage
min long: -111.543; min lat: 32.573 ; max long: -111.23; max lat: 32.893 ;
Individual & Institutional Roles
Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office
Principal Investigator(s): Donald E. Weaver, Jr.
Project Director(s): Donald E. Weaver, Jr.
Sponsor(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office
Permitting Agency(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Regional Office
Repository(s): Huhugam Heritage Center
Prepared By(s): Museum of Northern Arizona
Submitted To(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office
Record Identifiers
Bureau of Reclamation Contract No.(s): 3-CS-30-00790
File Information
Name | Size | Creation Date | Date Uploaded | Access | |
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hohokam-settlement-along-the-slopes-of-the-picacho-mountain-pi... | 124.87mb | Sep 26, 2012 12:04:01 PM | Public |