A San Pedro Phase Agricultural Field and Early Ceramic Period Occupations in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley, Southern Arizona: Investigations at the Stewart Brickyard and Rillito Loop Sites

Editor(s): M.L. Brack

Year: 2013

Summary

Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) proposed widening Interstate 10 (I-10) in northern Pima County, Arizona. Desert Archaeology, Inc., was contracted to mitigate the potential effects construction would have on significant cultural resources. A phased data recovery program was completed that addressed construction impacts at five archaeological sites along the l-10 corridor. Phase 1, exploratory trenching, tested for subsurface deposits at AZ AA:12:51 (ASM), AA:12:252 (ASM), AZ AA:12:486 (ASM), and AZ AA:12:256 (ASM). Cultural deposits were not identified in the project area at AA:12:486 or AA:12:256, and these two sites were excluded from further work. Phase 2 investigations, consisting of horizontal mechanical stripping and hand-excavation, mitigated the remaining two sites and revealed a canal complex recorded as AZ AA:12:961 (ASM).

Results as a whole for the project area indicate a sequence of small, dispersed activity locales, which were occupied intermittently over an exceedingly long duration of time. AA:12:252 included a small, limited-activity area consisting of clustered pits that date from the Agua Caliente phase to the Tortolita phase. Components at AA:12:51 are not dissimilar, and indicate occupations perhaps as early as the unnamed phase, with reoccupations during the San Pedro, Tortolita and Early Rincon phases. Environmental and subsistence data, artifacts, and features were generally infrequent at the investigated sites, making interpretations tenuous. The most significant finding was a San Pedro phase irrigated field system and associated canals, AA:12:961, at AA:12:51. Multiple crops were grown during a limited interval, and the structure of the field demonstrates a high degree of irrigation competency.

Cite this Record

A San Pedro Phase Agricultural Field and Early Ceramic Period Occupations in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley, Southern Arizona: Investigations at the Stewart Brickyard and Rillito Loop Sites. M.L. Brack. 2013 ( tDAR id: 428782) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8428782

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Keywords

Culture
Hohokam

Material
Ceramic • Chipped Stone • Dating Sample • Fauna • Fire Cracked Rock • Ground Stone • Human Remains • Macrobotanical • Pollen

Site Name
AZ AA:12:252 (ASM) • AZ AA:12:256 (ASM) • AZ AA:12:486 (ASM) • AZ AA:12:51 (ASM) • AZ AA:12:961 (ASM) • Cortaro Fan • Rillito Loop • Stewart Brickyard site

Site Type
Agricultural or Herding • Archaeological Feature • Artifact Scatter • Canal or Canal Feature • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Domestic Structures • Hearth • Historic Pits • Pit • Pit House / Earth Lodge • planting bed • Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features • Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno • Trash Deposit • Well

Investigation Types
Data Recovery / Excavation • Research Design / Data Recovery Plan • Site Evaluation / Testing

General
Petrographic Analysis • Radiocarbon Dating

Geographic Keywords
Arizona (State / Territory) • Interstate 10 • Marana, AZ • Middle Santa Cruz River Valley • Pima (County) • Southern Arizona

Temporal Keywords
Agua Caliente phase • Early Agricultural period • Early Ceramic period • Mid 20th Century • San Pedro phase • Tortolita Phase

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.101; min lat: 34.404 ; max long: -111.066; max lat: 34.433 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): Salt River Project Cultural Resource Manager

Contributor(s): Jenny L. Adams; M.L. Brack; Owen K. Davis; Michael W. Diehl; James M. Heidke; Gary Huckleberry; Elizabeth J. Miksa; Manuel R. Palacios-Fest; R. Jane Sliva; Jennifer A. Waters

Field Director(s): Ellen K. Ruble

Lab Director(s): Lisa Eppley

Project Director(s): Jonathan B. Mabry

Landowner(s): Arizona Department of Transportation

Prepared By(s): Desert Archaeology, Inc.

Submitted To(s): Arizona Department of Transportation Environmental and Enhancement Group

Record Identifiers

Technical Report No.(s): 2005-15

ASM Project Specific Permit No.(s): 2004-074PS

TRACS No.(s): H380601D; H308801D

Burial Agreement Case No.(s): 1993-11

Accession Number(s): 2004-161

Contract No.(s): 94-46

File Information

  Name Size Creation Date Date Uploaded Access
2013_Brack_ASanPedro_OCR_PDFA_Redacted.pdf 97.79mb Oct 20, 2021 2:41:31 PM Public
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2013_Brack_ASanPedro_OCR.pdf 73.21mb Dec 13, 2013 Apr 26, 2017 3:28:55 PM Confidential
This file is unredacted.

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Contact(s): Salt River Project Cultural Resource Manager

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