Archaeological Investigations of Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley, Analyses and Synthesis, Part I

Editor(s): Jonathan B. Mabry

Year: 1998

Summary

A series of archaeological investigations were conducted from 1993 to 1995 at four prehistoric sites in the middle Santa Cruz Valley. This fieldwork was part of the Arizona Department of Transportation's archaeological mitigation program of the Interstate 10 Corridor Improvement Project through Tucson, Arizona. The sites included the remains of three early farming settlements--the Santa Cruz Bend (AZ AA:12:746 [ASM]), Square Hearth (AZ AA:12:745 [ASM]), and Stone Pipe (AZ BB:13:425 [ASM]) sites—occupied during various intervals between about 800 B.C. and A.D. 550, and also having later occupations. At the fourth site, the Canal site (AZ BB:13:468 [ASM]), segments of several prehistoric canals constructed between about A.D. 1000 and 1450 and of a canal built in the late nineteenth century were identified.

These sites provide new information about several watershed changes during the prehistory of southwestern North America, including the transitions to agricultural dependence and sedentism; the shifts from houses-in-pits to more substantial pithouses and from round to rectilinear architecture; the first appearances of house groups, storehouses, communal structures, and possibly plazas, formal burial areas, and ditches for water control; the specializations and increased efficiencies of flaked and ground stone tools; the inception of ceramic vessel technology and the first stage of pottery-making as an economic process; the development of shell ornament production and other crafts; the establishment of local and long-distance trade networks; and possibly an indigenous sequence of development of water control technology.

This volume includes summaries of the results of various analyses, syntheses of the new data, comparisons with previous data, and discussions of significance.

Document includes errata sheet.

Cite this Record

Archaeological Investigations of Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley, Analyses and Synthesis, Part I. Jonathan B. Mabry. 1998 ( tDAR id: 428796) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8428796

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Keywords

Culture
Archaic • Hohokam • Late Archaic • Middle Archaic

Material
Ceramic • Chipped Stone • Dating Sample • Fauna • Ground Stone • Macrobotanical • Pollen • Shell

Site Name
AZ AA:12:745 (ASM) • AZ AA:12:746 (ASM) • AZ BB:13:425 (ASM) • AZ BB:13:468 (ASM) • Canal Site • Santa Cruz Bend • Square Hearth • Stone Pipe

Site Type
Agricultural or Herding • Animal Burial • Archaeological Feature • Canal or Canal Feature • Cremation • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Domestic Structures • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Hamlet / Village • Hearth • Inhumation • Non-Thermal Pit • Pit • Pit House / Earth Lodge • Post Hole / Post Mold • Refuse Pit • Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features • Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno • Storage Pit • Thermal Pit • Trash Deposit

Investigation Types
Archaeological Overview • Data Recovery / Excavation • Site Evaluation / Testing

General
Alluvial Stratigraphy • Early Village Sites

Geographic Keywords
Arizona (State / Territory) • Interstate 10 • Middle Santa Cruz River Valley • Santa Cruz River • southeastern Arizona • Tucson, AZ

Temporal Keywords
Agua Caliente phase • Cienaga phase • Early Agricultural period

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.018; min lat: 32.236 ; max long: -110.969; max lat: 32.272 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): Salt River Project Cultural Resource Manager

Contributor(s): Jenny L. Adams; WIlliam L. Deaver; Alan Ferg; Suzanne K. Fish; James M. Heidke; James P. Holmlund; Bruce B. Huckell; Lisa W. Huckell; Lorrie Lincoln-Babb; Jonathan B. Mabry; Elizabeth Miksa; Penny Dufoe Minturn; Barbara A. Murphy; Ryan Roecker; M. Steven Shackley; R.Jane Sliva; J. Homer Thiel; Charles Tompkins; Peter K. Van de Water; Arthur W. Vokes; Michael K. Wiley; Helga Wöcherl

Prepared By(s): Center for Desert Archaeology

Submitted To(s): Arizona Department of Transportation

Record Identifiers

Anthropological Papers No.(s): 19

SRP Library Barcode No.(s): 00090587

Contract No.(s): 90-21; 94-46

Notes

General Note: Part 1 of 2.

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Contact(s): Salt River Project Cultural Resource Manager

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