PaleoResearch Institute
PaleoResearch Institute was formed to conduct archaeobotanic research in a contract setting, leading the industry in innovation, analysis, and interpretation of the past. Our goals are to maintain excellence in extraction, identification, and analysis of the materials we work with, to promote excellence in the interpretation of those materials and in reports, and to promote development and use of state-of-the-art techniques for the analysis and interpretation of archaeobotanic records. Work conducted in a contract setting is particularly subject to time and budget constraints, so the above must be accomplished in a timely manner.
Further, PaleoResearch Institute desires to promote a healthy and fulfilling work environment. We provide the opportunity for each employee to use his/her unique signature strengths to be productive and successful, and promote the concepts of both responsibility and accountability.
Site Name Keywords
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site •
Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest •
35LK3400 •
Cape Krusenstern beach ridge archaeological site complex •
Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site •
34BV176 •
Pueblo Salado •
China Wall site •
Backhoe Village •
24JF4
Site Type Keywords
Archaeological Feature •
Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex •
Domestic Structures •
Hearth •
Funerary and Burial Structures or Features •
Rockshelter •
Water-Related •
Artifact Scatter •
Settlements •
Non-Domestic Structures
Other Keywords
Macrofloral Analysis •
Pollen Analysis •
Phytolith Analysis •
Protein Residue Analysis •
AMS Radiocarbon Dating •
AMS Radiocarbon Analysis •
Starch Analysis •
Pollen Analysis •
Charcoal Identification •
FTIR Analysis
Culture Keywords
Archaic •
Historic •
Ancestral Puebloan •
Late Archaic •
Woodland •
PaleoIndian •
Middle Archaic •
Fremont •
Early Archaic •
Late Prehistoric
Investigation Types
Data Recovery / Excavation •
Environment Research •
Archaeological Overview •
Bioarchaeological Research •
Site Evaluation / Testing •
Collections Research •
Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis •
Site Stabilization •
Reconnaissance / Survey •
Systematic Survey
Material Types
Pollen •
Macrobotanical •
Sediment •
Dating Sample •
Chipped Stone •
Ground Stone •
Wood •
Charcoal •
Ceramic •
Fire Cracked Rock
Temporal Keywords
Archaic •
Historic •
Holocene •
Late Prehistoric •
Late Archaic •
Prehistoric •
PaleoIndian •
Woodland •
Early Woodland •
Early Archaic
Geographic Keywords
North America (Continent) •
United States of America (Country) •
USA (Country) •
US (ISO Country Code) •
California (State / Territory) •
Wyoming (State / Territory) •
New Mexico (State / Territory) •
Colorado (State / Territory) •
Utah (State / Territory) •
Canada (Country)
Resources Inside This Collection (Viewing 2,901-3,000 of 3,198)
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PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EFOO 134, EFOO 180, AND EJOP 29, ALBERTA, CANADA (2012)
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Hearth fill and fire-broken rock from sites EfOo 180, EfOo 134, and EjOp 29, Alberta, Canada, were submitted for organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Five lithic tools from these sites also were analyzed for protein residues. Protein and organic residue analysis provide information regarding diet, specifically materials processed using lithic tools and thermal features, respectively, at these sites.
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PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EFOO 146 AND EGOP 5 FOR THE KEYSTONE PIPELINE PROJECT, SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA (2009)
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Five lithic artifacts and three hearth fill samples from sites EfOo 146 and EgOp 5, discovered during the Keystone Pipeline Project in southern Alberta, Canada were submitted for protein and/or organic residue analyses (Table 1). A single hearth sample from site EfOo 146 was examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while ten samples were tested for organic residues and/or protein residues using immunoelectrophoresis.
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PROTEIN AND ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR) ANALYSIS, AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF SAMPLES FROM SITES EgPr 7, EgPr 8, EgPs 65, EgPs 66, EgPs 67, EgPs 68, EgPs 70, EgPs 87, EhPq 3, EhPr 4, EhPr 24, AND EhPr 25, ALBERTA, CANADA (2011)
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Lithics, fire-broken rock, and bone from sites EgPr 7, EgPr 8, EgPs 65, EgPs 66, EgPs 67, EgPs 68, EgPs 70, EgPs 87, EhPq 3, EhPr 4, EhPr 24, and EhPr 25 in Alberta, Canada, were submitted for protein and organic residue analysis, and AMS radiocarbon dating. These sites vary in cultural affiliation and occupation periods. AMS radiocarbon dating helps place the sites in an absolute chronological time frame, while protein and organic residue analysis provide information on the types of plants and...
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PROTEIN RESIDE ANALYSIS FOR SAMPLES FROM SITES AZ M:8:90 (AMS), AZ M:8:94 (AMS), AZ M:8:95 (AMS), AZ M:8:99 (AMS), AZ M:8:108 (AMS), AZ M:8:107 (AMS), AZ M:8:102 (AMS), AND AZ M:8:105 (AMS), ARIZONA (2010)
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Protein residue wash samples conducted in the field on 24 grinding slicks, a mano, and a metate, were submitted to PRI for protein residue analysis using cross-over immunoelectrophoresis. These tools were discovered during the Bagdad Solar project, located in Yavapai County, Arizona. Protein residue analysis will test for the presence of animal and plant proteins that may be present on the working surfaces of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM SITES HbRi-33, HaRk-8, HaRl-53, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA (2020)
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Site HbRi-33 overlooks Peace River and Halfway River to the west, lying approximately 1 km northwest of the confluence of these two rivers. A projectile point recovered from Level 2 was submitted for protein residue analysis. Site HaRk-8 is located approximately 60 km westsouthwest of Fort St. John in northeast British Columbia near the confluence of the peace River and Right Creek. A single scraper recovered from Level 2 was submitted for protein residue analysis. Site HaRl-53 overlooks the...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS FOR SAMPLES FROM SITE (HIOV-155), WOOD BUFFALO REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY, ALBERTA, CANADA (2020)
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Site HiOv-155 is located north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Three flaked lithics, including one complete Agate Basin projectile point and two biface fragments, recovered during excavation were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify animals that either were killed or processed.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS FOR THE CEDAR FORK CREEK MASTODON SITE, MORROW COUNTY, OHIO (2019)
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The Cedar Fork Creek Mastodon site appears to be a PaleoIndian Proboscidean bone workshop located in Morrow County, Ohio. It is believed that the remains of a mastodon are buried somewhere under a modern day bog-like pond (George DeMuth, personal communication, September 23, 2019). It is also believed the prehistoric people harvested and dragged parts of the mastodon away to the workshop located on a nearby hill. The mastodon remains were then likely processed for food and for making useful...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS FOR THE SUNDOG SITE (24LC2289), LEWIS AND CLARK COUNTY, MONTANA (2019)
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The Sundog Site (24LC2289) represents a prehistoric, short-term occupation and is situated on a large bench near the head of Indian Creek adjacent to the Gates of the Mountains Wilderness Area in Helena National Forest, Lewis and Clark County, Montana. Thirteen lithics recovered from the site were selected and submitted for protein residue analysis to identify animals hunted or processed at the site.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF A METATE FROM SITE CA-SDI-16111 (P-37-024301), SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2018)
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One granite metate fragment was recovered from Site CA-SDI-16111 (P-37-024301), a prehistoric site located in the Anza Borrego Desert State Park, San Diego County, California. The site consists of two milling features, an agave roasting pit, and artifact scatter (James Daniels, personal communication, September 14, 2018). The granite metate fragment was submitted for protein residue analysis.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE FROM WAPITI RIVER CROSSING, SITE GfQu-30, GRANDE PRAIRIE NO. 1 COUNTY, ALBERTA, CANADA (2020)
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One Clovis point midsection and a soil control sample recovered from site GfQu-30 in Grande Prairie No. 1 County were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify any proteins present on the point.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE FROM SITE 8HG1330, CARA CARA CORNER, HIGHLANDS COUNTY, FLORIDA (2018)
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Site 8HG1330 (Cara Cara Corner) is located in Highlands County, Florida. Cara Cara Corner is situated west of the Sandy Point Wildlife Refuge on an upland surface near the edge of a wet prairie. A possible Archaic-stemmed projectile point was collected from the site and submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF ECCENTRIC CRESCENT LITHICS FROM SITE CA-SDI-8797, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2018)
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Site CA-SDI-8797, located in the Peninsular Ranges Geologic Province of southern California, yielded five eccentric crescents that were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine their use.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF LITHIC SAMPLES FROM THE EATON SITE, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK (2018)
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The Eaton Site is a multicomponent site situated on a knoll overlooking Cazenovia Creek in West Seneca, Erie County, New York. The site was utilized intermittently from late Paleoindian times to the early 19th Century (William Engelbrecht, personal communication, October 31, 2018). The major occupation of the site was an AD 1550 Iroquoian village. Three chert lithics recovered from an Iroquoian longhouse during the 1990 Buffalo State, State University of New York Field School were submitted for...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF LITHICS FROM SITES SÖDRA HASSLEGÅRDEN 26 AND RINGSJÖBADEN 44, STEHAG PARISH, SCANIA, SWEDEN (2018)
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Sites Södra Hasslegården 26 (Early Maglemose culture) and Ringsjöbaden 44 (Late Maglemose culture) are located in Stehag Perish, Scania, Sweden. These sites are situated either on or near a former lake shore. The Södra Hasslegården 26 site dates between ca 9,700–7,300 BC, whereas the Ringsjöbaden 44 site dates immediately after, between ca 7,000–6,700 BC. Eight protein Mesolithic lithic samples underwent protein analysis. Five protein samples were collected from the Södra Hasslegården 26 site in...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF LITHICS FROM THE BULL CREEK CAMP, 34BV176, BEAVER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA (2019)
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Bull Creek camp (Site 34BV176) is situated on a terrace overlooking Bull Creek, 1.85 km northwest of the junction of north/south-trending US 83 and east/west-trending US 412 in Beaver County, Oklahoma. Five flaked lithic artifacts were recovered from a portion of the site dominated by butchered bison (Bison spp.) bones and a few Camelid bones (Leland Bement, personal communication, February 4, 2019 and April 26, 2019). The Oklahoma Archaeological Survey submitted the lithics to PaleoResearch...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR HIGHVIEW AT HAZLET SITE (28-MO-449), MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY (2020)
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Site 28-Mo-449 is located in the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey. One biface and one Bear Island-like projectile point were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify animals that either were killed or processed with these lithics.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 118X77, NAHANNI NATIONAL PARK RESERVE, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (2018)
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Two obsidian flakes were recovered from Site 118X77, which is located in Nahanni National Park Reserve in southwest Northwest Territories, Canada. The flakes were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify possible processed animal proteins. The flakes were also submitted for obsidian sourcing to determine where the flake materials originated.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 32OL0510, OLIVER COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA (2019)
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Site 32OL0510 is situated on a small ridge above minor, meandering tributary creeks of Square Butte Creek, approximately 3.5 km west of the town of Center in Oliver County, North Dakota. Three prehistoric stone circle features and associated lithic tools comprise the site. Ethnoscience, Inc., submitted four lithic samples recovered from the site to PaleoResearch Institute for protein residue (CIEP) analysis. Additionally, four sediment samples were collected—two from the center of the features...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP) AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF BEDROCK MILLING SURFACES FROM SITES CA-SDI-21073, CA-SDI-21074, AND CA-SDI-21114, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2017)
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Three prehistoric sites, CA-SDI-21073, CA-SDI-21074, and CA-SDI-21114, are situated in northern San Diego County, California and is part of the Valley Ranch Center Project. The Valley Ranch Center Project location is west of Valley Center Road, south of Lilac Road, and north of Woods Valley Road. All three sites are located in the northeast corner within the Valley Center Project location. Site CA-SDI-21073 is located northwest of Site CA-SDI-21074 and west of CA-SDI-21114, whereas Site...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP), ORGANIC RESIDUE (FTIR), ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION (XRF) ANALYSIS, AND AMS RADIOCARBON AGE DETERMINATION OF LITHIC SAMPLES FROM THE ANZICK SITE, 24PA506, PARK COUNTY, MONTANA (2018)
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The Anzick Site (24PA506) is located in the intermontane Shields River Valley in Park County, Montana. This collapsed rockshelter contains burial features and an artifact assemblage. It was discovered by construction workers in 1968 (Stockton White, personal communication, October 17, 2018). The context of the site and burial and the original provenience of the artifacts are not known. Six lithics from the artifact assemblage were submitted for protein residue, and elemental composition (X-ray...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP), POLLEN, AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE CA-MRP-0056/H, MARIPOSA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2018)
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Site CA-MRP-0056/H, located in Yosemite National Park in Mariposa County, is situated in a glacially-scoured granitic basin at an elevation of 3,989 feet. This complex site is situated in a region occupied by the Penutian-speaking Central Sierra Miwok and Southern Sierra Miwok, the Bridgeport Valley Paiute, Mono Lake Paiute, and the Mono-speaking Owens Valley Paiute. The Washoe entered the northern park area as far south as Yosemite Valley. Previous analysis of artifacts, which included starch,...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE (CIEP), POLLEN, AND STARCH ANALYSIS AND OBSIDIAN SOURCING FOR SAMPLES FROM SITES CA-SDI-14971, CA-SDI-16695, AND CA-SDI-16696, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2018)
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Sites CA-SDI-14971, CA-SDI-16695, and CA-SDI-16696, located in San Diego County, California, are part of the Via de la Valle Project. Seven lithic artifacts were collected and submitted for protein analysis. Obsidian debitage was submitted for obsidian sourcing, and a burned granite bowl was submitted for pollen and starch analysis.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS (CIEP) OF BEDROCK MILLING WASHES FROM SITES CA-RIV-8750, CA-RIV-8751, CA-RIV-8752, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2018)
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Bedrock milling outcrops that are part of three archaeological sites (CA-RIV-8750, 8751, and 8752) were sampled for protein residue analysis. Four slicks and two control locations were sampled CA-RIV-8750 (Table 1). Two slicks were sampled at each CA-RIV-8751 and CA-RIV-8752 as well as control locations.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS (CIEP) OF LITHICS FROM THE WOLF CREEK PICTOGRAPH SITE (5RT90), ROUTT COUNTY, COLORADO (2016)
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The Wolf Creek Pictograph site (5RT90) boundary includes a rockshelter and cliff situated north of the Yampa River in Routt County, Colorado. Sediments at the site are mostly derived from the eroding cliff face with the two uppermost strata containing protohistoric and historic materials (Barb Lockwood, personal communication January 18, 2016). Two lithic artifacts and their associated sediment control samples recovered from the site were selected for protein residue analysis.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS (CIEP) OF PALEOINDIAN LITHICS FROM THE KLEIN SITE, SHIAWASSEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN (2015)
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The Klein Site is a Paleo Indian site of the Parkhill Phase (ca. 11,000 to 10,500 BP) located in the upper Great Lakes, Shiawassee County, Michigan (William Lovis, personal communication December 4, 2015). Lithic artifacts including point/knife and other biface fragments were recovered by property owners from the top 20 cm of their garden. Nine biface fragments recovered from clayey silts and associated sediment control samples were selected from the assemblage for protein residue (CIEP)...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING FOR SITES 118X77, 532X, NAHANNI NATIONAL PARK RESERVE, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (2020)
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Gahnihthah Mie (Site 118X77/5342X) appears to be a single component precontact site located on the upper bank of Rabbitkettle Lake in the Northwest Territories. Charcoal recovered from two hearths was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating to establish the period of use. In addition, four lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify economic activity.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF A LEATHER FRAGMENT FROM MARTHA’S VINEYARD MUSEUM (2007)
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One sample of a fragment of the leather cover from a ledger/daybook curated at the Martha’s Vineyard Museum was submitted for protein residue analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating to ascertain the animal source and age of the hide.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF SAMPLES FROM THE SMOCK-BIGUIZIAK SITE (36CW248), CRAWFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (2011)
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AMS radiocarbon dating and protein residue analysis of samples from the Smock-Biguiziak Site (36CW248), located in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, were undertaken to provide basal dates for the swampy area below the site and an indicating of animals being hunted by occupants of the site. Dates were obtained on conifer charcoal recovered from a depth of 109-111 cm, and precipitated humates from a depth of 131-134.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AT ROCKSHELTER EAST, SITE 24RB1145, MONTANA (1994)
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One metate fragment from Rockshelter East, Site 24RB1145, was analyzed for possible animal protein residues. In addition, a soil sample from the same level as the artifact was tested to provide a control for the artifact. Rockshelter East is a small rockshelter that is believed to have been occupied from around A.D. 400 to A.D. 600. Protein residue analysis is used to provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact specificity.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AT SITE 48CO1990, NORTHEAST WYOMING (1996)
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A mano and a metate fragment from Site 48C01990 in northeast Wyoming were analyzed for possible protein residues. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. The pieces of groundstone were analyzed to determine if animal remains and/or yucca were processed using these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOV-256, HHOV-55, AND HHOV-449, ALBERTA,CANADA (2007)
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Single projectile points recovered from sites HhOv-256, HhOv-55, and HhOv-449 north of Fort McKay in Alberta, Canada, were examined for possible protein residues. These points were recovered during Phase II excavations for the Transcanada Pipelines Fort McKay Mainline Project. The sites consist mainly of lithic debitage and tools. Protein residue analysis of the projectile points will be used to provide information concerning animals that might have been hunted with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOV-2561 HHOV-551 AND HHOV-4491 ALBERTA,CANADA (2007)
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Single projectile points recovered from sites HhOv-256, HhOv-55, and HhOv-449 north of Fort McKay in Alberta, Canada, were examined for possible protein residues. These points were recovered during Phase II excavations for the Transcanada Pipelines Fort McKay Mainline Project. The sites consist mainly of lithic debitage and tools. Protein residue analysis of the projectile points will be used to provide information concerning animals that might have been hunted with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOV-304, HHOV-305, AND HHOV-323 FOR THE BIRCH MOUNTAIN MUSKEG VALLEY QUARRY PROJECT ALBERTA, CANADA (2006)
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A total of nine lithic artifacts from sites HhOv-304, HhOv-305, and HhOv-323 were tested for possible protein residues. These sites were identified in the development area for the Birch Mountain Resources Muskeg Valley Quarry (MVQ), approximately 60 km north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Due to minimal preservation of organic remains, archaeological sites in this area are noted to be of uncertain age. Most sites are believed to pedate the period of increasing local...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR SAMPLES FROM SITES LA 37155, LA 37127, LA 37130, LA 37156, LA 37175, AND LA 162325, FORT BLISS MILITARY RESERVATION, NEW MEXICO (2010)
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A total of 15 stone artifacts that included stones from rock-lined pits, plane scrapers and agave knives were submitted for protein residue analysis from several Archaic and Formative period sites located within the Fort Bliss Military Reservation. Previous to this study, burned limestone rocks were submitted to PaleoResearch for organic (FTIR) analysis from these same sites, as well as from a few other sites in the general area (Logan 2010). FTIR analysis was successful in detecting plant...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR SAMPLES FROM THE KUEBLER RANCH SITE, CA-SD1-8654, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2010)
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Four pre-historic stone tools were submitted for protein residue analysis from the Kuebler Ranch site, CA-SDI-8654, located in San Diego County, California. The goal of the analysis was to detect plant and animal protein residues that may be present on the working surfaces of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FROM SITE CA-MEN-1371, MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2019)
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A chert flaked stone tool recovered from Site CA-MEN-1371, Mendocino County, California was submitted for protein residue analysis.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A BONE FRAGMENT AND SOIL SAMPLE FROM BRAZORIA COUNTY, TEXAS (2001)
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A bone fragment recovered from a possible human cranium found at Site BZT -1 in Brazoria County, Texas, and soil samples from areas adjacent to the cranium were tested for the presence of human proteins.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A CERAMIC SHERD FROM AN ISOLATED POT DROP (SITE 560-013) ON THE MCGREGOR RANGE, TRAINING AREA 9, ON THE FORT BLISS MILITARY RESERVATION, NEW MEXICO (2006)
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A single undifferentiated brownware sherd was analyzed for possible protein residues. This sherd was collected from an isolated pot drop (PO #7) on the McGregor Range in the Fort Bliss Military Reservation, southeast New Mexico. This pot is believed to have a Jornada Mogollon cultural affiliation, probably the Mesilla phase. Protein residue analysis was conducted to help provide information concerning the possible contents of the pot.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A CLOVIS BIFACE BASE FROM SITE 42TO5158, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH (2012)
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The fluted base of a Mahog obsidian Clovis biface recovered from site 42TO5158, Tooele County, Utah was submitted for protein residue analysis. The site is an open prehistoric artifact scatter situated on the extinct lakebed of Lake Bonneville. This analysis was undertaken to determine if protein residues derived from the use of the Clovis biface were present and identifiable.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A CLOVIS POINT FROM THE JAKE BLUFF SITE, 34HP60, HARPER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA (2007)
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A protein extract wash from a single Clovis point was submitted for protein residue analysis from the Jake Bluff Site in northwestern Oklahoma. The point was recovered from the gully floor, amidst bison bone (Bison antiquus). A radiocarbon date of 10,750 BP suggests that this site post-dates mammoth extinction in the area and may represent a late-Clovis adaptation to bison hunting. Previous protein residue analysis of points from the Jake Bluff Site have been undertaken by PRI, including...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A COPPER HARPOON FROM SITE MC.02N, McCARGOE COVE, ISLE ROYALE NATIONAL PARK, KEWEENAW COUNTY, MICHIGAN (2017)
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A copper harpoon recovered in situ at a Nipissing beach habitation site (McCargoe Cove Site MC.02N) in close proximity to the Minong mine was submitted for protein residue analysis to determine its use.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A FLAKED LITHIC TOOL FROM SITE 42GR399, UTAH (2002)
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A single flaked lithic tool and associated soil control from Site 42GR399 in the Hunter Canyon area west of Moab, Utah, were tested for possible protein residues. This site consists of an aIcove containing several features, including a masonry structure estimated to be culturally affiliated with the Pueblo II period. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning possible animal resources processed using this artifact.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A FLAKED TOOL FROM SITE 32DU621, NORTH DAKOTA (2011)
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A flaked lithic stone tool and an associated soil control were submitted for protein residue analysis from site 32DU621, located in North Dakota. Because of the potential age of this tool, antisera from Pleistocene mammals were added to the suite of antisera used for testing. The goal of this analysis was to extract and identify any protein residues that may be present of the surface of this tool.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A FLUTED POINT FROM THE BOG SITE, CA-SDI-2506, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (2006)
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A single obsidian fluted point and an associated soil control from the Bog Site, CA-SDI-2506, in the Lost Valley area in northeastern San Diego County, California, were tested for possible protein residues. Although the site has been culturally affiliated with a seasonal camp of the late prehistoric and protohistoric Cupeno People and possibly the Mountain Cahuilla, the fluted point is believed to represent the early Holocene Clovis Culture approximately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Obsidian...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A FLUTED PROJECTILE POINT FROM THE HILLSIDE SITE (158Y/NhVI-2), IVVAVIK NATIONAL PARK, YUKON, CANADA (2014)
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The Hillside site (158Y/NhVl-2) is situated on a high terrace east of the Firth River in the center of Ivvavik National Park, northwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. The site was originally recorded by MacNeish in 1958 and the presence of a biface, a utilized cobble, several stone flakes, and a bone were comparable to the nearby Engigstciak site (30Y65/NiVk-1) with a suggested age of up to 9,500 BP (Sharon Thomson, personal communication February 4, 2014). Later investigations of the site (1995...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A GROUNDSTONE ARTIFACT FROM THE RUSTLER ROCKSHELTER, SITE CA-SBR-288 (2001)
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A single mano from the Rustler Rockshelter (CA-SBR-288) in the Providence Mountains of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, was analyzed for possible protein residues. This site contains an open midden located against a south-facing cliff. Protein residue analysis was undertaken to determine if animal or agave protein residues were present on the mano surface.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A HASKETT PROJECTILE POINT FROM SITE 42TO5135, GREAT SALT LAKE DESERT, UTAH (2013)
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A Haskett projectile point collected from the surface of the Great Salt Lake Desert in Tooele County, Utah was submitted for protein residue analysis. The artifact was associated with site 42TO5135, a large Paleoindian surface lithic scatter with 68 various stone tools such as projectile points, scrapers, bifaces, and utilized flakes (Daron Duke, Personal Communication, February 04, 2013). Most artifacts from the playa surface were heavily weathered, but the projectile point appeared to have...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A HOZOMEEN CHERT BIFACE FROM SITE 45WH263, WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON (2012)
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A Hozomeen chert biface recovered from the surface of site 45WH263 was submitted for protein residue analysis. This site is located in Whatcom County, Washington, near the Canadian border, and is situated within the draw down zone of Ross Lake Reservoir. Residue from this tool was extracted and tested against various protein antisera to determine if it had been used to process or procure animal resources.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A PLAINVIEW PROJECTILE POINT FROM SITE 34BV177, OKLAHOMA (2004)
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A single Plainview projectile point was recovered at site 34BV177 in Beaver County, Oklahoma. This point had washed out of a block of soil in a cutbank of Beaver Creek. Burned bison bone and a mammoth skull were located nearby. The projectile point was analyzed for the presence of protein residues to determine animals that might have been hunted.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A POSSIBLE STONE TOOL FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (2010)
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A broken boulder that may have been used as a stone tool (maul) was submitted for protein residue analysis. This tool was recovered from the National City Mastodon Site in National City, a southern suburb of San Diego, California. The rock was found among broken mastodon bones. If this boulder was used to process plant or animal remains, identifiable proteins may be present in the micro-crevices on its surface.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECTILE POINT FROM 14MP408 (1998)
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A projectile point from Site 14MP408 in McPherson County, Kansas, was analyzed for possible protein residues. The artifact was found in Feature 407, a storage pit that was later utilized as a trash pit. Site 14MP408 represents the proto-historic Wichita at about the time when Coronado visited the area in 1504. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Protein residue analysis of the projectile point...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A STONE KNIFE FOUND IN A PUEBLO III CLIFF DWELLING, SITE 5MV515, MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO (2005)
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A hafted knife recovered from site 5MV515 in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, was analyzed for protein residues. This site is a Pueblo III cliff dwelling in Soda Canyon. Protein residue analysis of the knife will be used to provide information concerning possible animal resources processed with the tool.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A STONE SCRAPER FROM SITE 523X, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA (2018)
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One scraper recovered from a multi-component precontact and historic mining camp next to Tuededéveh Tué, Northwest Territories, was submitted for protein residue analysis to identify proteins that contribute to understanding its use.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A TRIANGULAR PROJECTILE POINT FROM SITE 46CH07, CALHOUN COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA. (2009)
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A single triangular projectile point from site 46CH07 was submitted for protein residue analysis. This site is located in Calhoun County and along the floodplain of the Henry Fork of the Little Kanawha River. Protein residue analysis will be used to identify any potential residues that may be adhering to the surface of this artifact.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM 32OL338, NORTH DAKOTA (2003)
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Five lithic artifacts from site 32OL338 near Center, North Dakota, were submitted for protein residue analysis. This site is a stone ring site. Artifacts were recovered during screening; therefore, no associated soil control samples are available. Protein residue analysis is used to determine if proteins are present on the artifacts that would provide information concerning animal resources hunted/processed by the site occupants.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM 48CR5844, HIGH SAVORY CREEK RESERVOIR, WYOMING (2001)
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Five lithic artifacts from 48CR5844 in south-central Wyoming were submitted for protein residue analysis. This site was excavated as mitigation for a proposed reservoir. Protein residue analysis can be used to aid in determining possible animal resources utilized by the site occupations.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM CT1 ALMHOV (SITE MHM 12875), AN EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE NEAR THE SOUTHERN COAST OF SWEDEN (2004)
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A total of 15 lithic artifacts from site MHM 12875 just outside the town of Malmo, Sweden, were analyzed for possible protein residues. This site has been radiocarbon dated to 4000 BC, which is the time of transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in south Scandinavia, with a transition from a hunter-gatherer society to a farming/livestock breeding society. Lithics recovered from the site exhibit both Mesolithic (blades) and Neolithic (flakes) characteristics. One hypothesis is that...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM FEATURES A19049, A3868, AND A3869 AT CT1 ALMHOV (SITE MHM 12875), SOUTHERN COAST OF SWEDEN (2007)
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A total of 15 lithic artifacts from the CT1 Almhov Site, number MHM 12875, just outside the town of Malmö, Sweden, were analyzed for possible protein residues. Lithics recovered from the site exhibit both Mesolithic (blades) and Neolithic (flakes) characteristics. In 2004, Paleo Research Institute conducted protein residue analysis on 15 lithic artifacts from Feature A19049, with a radiocarbon date of approximately 4000 BC (Puseman 2004). This was a time of transition from the Mesolithic to...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE 15BE509, KENTUCKY (2001)
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A total of ten lithic artifacts from two pit features at Site 15BE509 in north-central Kentucky were submitted for protein residue analysis. This site contains a recently vacated, single pen, salt box-style dwelling house, as well as a prehistoric lithic concentration with evidence of initial through latter-stage biface reduction and utilization activities. Two pit features containing prehistoric ceramics, projectile points, and micro-blades were identified during Phase II investigations....
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE 27CO45, NEW HAMPSHIRE (2000)
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A fluted point and a Munsungun chert flake from Site 27CO45 were analyzed for possible protein residues. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning possible animal resources utilized by the occupants of the site.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE 5DT813, DELTA COUNTY, COLORADO (2007)
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Two spear or knife blades from site 5DT813 were submitted for protein residue analysis. It is possible that protein residues from plant and animal remains can be detected, thus, providing a better understanding of the function of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE CA-LAN-863, EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, CALIFORNIA (1995)
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Six lithic artifacts from Site CA-LAN-863 on Edwards Air Force Base in southern California were analyzed for possible protein residues. Immunological studies of residues from a tool's surface are based on modified forensic procedures. This site is being evaluated for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning possible animals and plants processed with the artifacts, contributing to prehistoric subsistence...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE CA-SBR-7691, SUMMIT VALLEY, CALIFORNIA (1994)
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Eighteen pieces of groundstone, three bifaces, and a possible stone ball from CA-SBR-7691 in Summit Valley, California, were analyzed to recover possible blood residues. Immunological studies have shown that proteins from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Ethnographic sources from southern California suggest that small mammals, insects, and large mammal remains were pulverized using groundstone tools. Protein residue analysis is used to address the question...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITE FJPH 126, ALBERTA, CANADA (2009)
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A total of four lithic tools and associated soil controls were submitted for protein residue analysis from site FjPh 126, located near Edmonton, Alberta. The goal of the analysis is to detect fish and/or animal remains that may be present on the surface of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITES 32ML805, 32ML807, 32ML812, AND 32ML820 WITHIN THE FALKIRK MINE OF CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA (2006)
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A total of 26 lithic artifacts from sites 32ML805, 32ML807, 32ML812, and 32ML820 were analyzed for possible protein residues. These sites consist of stone rings and a sparse lithic scatter within the Falkirk Mine of central North Dakota. Soil control samples were submitted with seven of the artifacts. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning possible animal resources hunted/processed with these artifacts.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOS-9, HHOS-11, HHOS-14, HIOR-3, AND HIOR-5 FOR THE HUSKY SUNRISE THERMAL SAGD PROJECT, ALBERTA, CANADA (2004)
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Artifacts from sites HhOs-9, HhOs-11, HhOs-14, HiOr-3, and HiOr-5 in the vicinity of Fort McMurray, Alberta, were tested for possible protein residues. The artifacts from these sites appear to date to approximately 9000 and 7000 BP. Analysis of protein residues from the artifacts' surface can provide information concerning processing/hunting of animals with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOV-294, HIOV-57, HIOU-55, AND HIOU-61 FOR THE SYNCRUDE AURORA MINE NORTH 2003 AND 2005 PROJECTS, ALBERTA, CANADA (2004)
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Lithic artifacts from sites HhOv-294, HiOv-57, HiOu-55, and HiOu-61 were tested for possible protein residues. These sites were identified in the development area for the Syncrude Canada Limited's Aurora Mine North 2003 and 2005 project north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta, Canada. The artifacts from these sites appear to date to the Early Precontact Period, approximately 9000 to 7000 BP. Protein residue analysis was undertaken to determine if proteins were present on the artifact...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITES HHOV-305, HHOV-308, HHOV- 316, HHOV-319, HHOV-323, HHOV-327, HHOV-328, AND HHOV-339 FOR THE MUSKEG VALLEY QUARRY PROJECT, ALBERTA, CANADA (2004)
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Artifacts from sites HhOv-305, HhOv-308, HhOv-316, HhOv-319, HhOv-323, HhOv-327, HhOv-328, and HhOv-339 in the vicinity of Fort McMurray, Alberta, were tested for possible protein residues. The artifacts from these sites appear to date to approximately 9000 and 7000 BP. Analysis of protein residues from the artifacts’ surface can provide information concerning processing/hunting of animals with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM SITES IN GRAND AND SAN JUAN COUNTIES, UTAH (2005)
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Six flaked stone tools collected from Bureau of land Management (BlM) land in Grand and San Juan Counties, southeastern Utah, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Protein residue analysis of the artifacts will be used to provide information concerning possible animal resources processed with the tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE BULL CREEK CACHE, SITE 34BV180, OKLAHOMA (2006)
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A total of 15 stone tools from the Bull Creek Cache, site 34BV180, in western Oklahoma were tested for possible protein residues. One soil control sample also was submitted for analysis. The Bull Creek Cache is a Clovis tool cache containing 112 lithic artifacts located along Bull Creek, a tributary to the Beaver River, just downstream from the Bull Creek site. The cache consists of bifaces, flakes, large overshot flakes, and blades that exhibit edge shaping and resharpening, suggesting...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE COOPER SITE AND THE JAKE BLUFF SITE, OKLAHOMA (2003)
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Two Clovis projectile points from the Jake Bluff site (34HP60) and three Folsom projectile points from the Cooper site (34HP45) in northwest Oklahoma were analyzed for protein residues. Single soil samples from each of these sites also were tested. At the Jake Bluff site, the remains of 15 Bison antiquus were found associated with the two Clovis projectile points in the bottom of a short arroyo. A radiocarbon date of 10,750 BP suggests that this site post-dates mammoth extinction in the area...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE JANEY ROCK SHELTER, SITE 24BH1117, SOUTHEAST MONTANA (1998)
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Five chipped stone tools from a small rock shelter and open air occupation site (24BH1117) in southeastern Montana were analyzed for possible protein residues. These tools include an end scraper and others interpreted as expedient scraping or cutting tools. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning animal resources that may have been processed with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE MIFFLINVILLE PROJECT, SITES 36C017 AND 36C018, PENNSYLVANIA (1997)
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Forty lithic artifacts from Sites 36C017 and 36C018 along the Susquehanna River in eastern Pennsylvania were submitted for protein residue analysis. Site 36C017 is believed to represent a fish procurement and processing station, with the earliest evidence of use during the Middle Archaic period. The site also experienced intensive use during the Late Archaic and Terminal Archaic periods, with episodic occupations during the Late Woodland period. Initial use of Site 36C018 is believed to have...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE MOST DISTANT SPRING FOUNTAIN SITE, 24BE1914, MONTANA (2004)
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Nine formal chipped stone tools from the Most Distant Fountain Spring prehistoric site, 24BE1914, near Lemhi Pass in Beaverhead County, Montana, were tested to recover possible protein residues. This site is believed to have functioned as a seasonal upland camp. Diagnostic artifacts reflect the Late Prehistoric period, from about 150 to 1650 A.D. Identification of protein residues from the artifacts' surfaces can provide information concerning use of these artifacts to hunt/process animals.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE NESHAMINY CREEK SITE, 36BU402, BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (2007)
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Ten artifacts and four soil control samples were submitted for analysis from the Neshimany Creek Site, 36BU402, Bucks County, southeastern Pennsylvania. This site represents a possible single-component Middle Woodland period occupation (500-1000 AD). Two diagnostic points (Jack’s Reef) were recovered at the site and were part of this analysis. Protein residue analysis was used to determine possible animal resources hunted and/or processed using these ten artifacts.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE PUNCHEON RUN SITE, 7K-C-51, DELAWARE (1999)
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A total of 83 lithic artifacts from the Puncheon Run site (7K-C-51) in Dover, Delaware, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Previous studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using a modified forensic procedure. Site 7K-C-51 contains several discrete activity areas, with diagnostic artifacts datable from Middle Archaic to Late Woodland contexts. Lithic artifacts and soil controls from this site were tested against eight fish antisera and five...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE PUNCHEON RUN SITE, 7K-C-51, DELAWARE (2009)
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A total of 83 lithic artifacts from the Puncheon Run site (7K-C-51) in Dover, Delaware, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Previous studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using a modified forensic procedure. Site 7K-C-51 contains several discrete activity areas, with diagnostic artifacts datable from Middle Archaic to Late Woodland contexts. Lithic artifacts and soil controls from this site were tested against eight fish antisera and five...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BEDROCK MILLING FEATURE WASH SAMPLES FROM THE BTC MILLING SITE, P-33-11224, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2010)
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Washes from three bedrock milling features (mortars) and a surface control sample were submitted for protein residue analysis from the BTC Milling Site, P-33-11224, located in Riverside County, California, near the community of French Valley. The goal of the analysis is to identify any plant, animal, and insect protein residues that may be present on the use surfaces of three non-portable bedrock milling features.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BEDROCK MILLING FEATURES FROM SITE CA-SDI-19,241, TECATE, CALIFORNIA (2011)
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Washes of three bedrock milling features from site CA-SDI-19,241 near Tecate, California were submitted for protein residue analysis. The goal of this analysis is to identify plant and animal resources that might have been processed using these features.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BIFACE TOOLS FROM THE TIE CHUTE CACHE SITE, LA 163780, LINCOLN NATIONAL FOREST, NEW MEXICO (2012)
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Eight biface tools from the Tie Chute Cache site (LA 163780), located within the Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, were submitted for protein residue analysis. This analysis was conducted to recover and identify plant and animal residues that provide evidence for the use of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BLADE SCRAPERS FROM CLOVIS SITE 42TO3794, DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, CEDAR MOUNTAINS, UTAH (2010)
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Eight blade scrapers made from chert material were submitted for protein residue analysis from site 42TO3794, which is situated within the Dugway Proving Ground, located in the Cedar Mountains of Utah. This site is reported as being a Clovis site, so testing of these tools included the Late-Pleistocene suite of animal antisera.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BONE FRAGMENTS FROM THE PINE CREEK SITE, 48SU1041 , WYOMING (2002)
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Protein residue analysis was conducted on five bone fragments from the Pine Creek site, 48SU1041, in west-central Wyoming. These bone fragments are believed to represent large artiodactyls such as moose, elk, or bison. The bones were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine if they could be further refined into the bison or moose/elk category.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF BULLETS FROM CAMP LETTERMAN, GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA (2006)
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Protein residue analysis was conducted on two bullets recovered from Camp Letterman, a probable cemetery area associated with the Gettysburg Battlefield, Pennsylvania, to determine if human proteins were present.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF CHIPPED STONE TOOLS FROM SITE JEVE-2, SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA (2011)
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Two chipped stone tools were submitted for protein residue analysis from site JeVe-2, Yukon Territory, Canada. These items were recovered during survey work associated with the proposed Alaska Pipeline Project. These artifacts were recovered along the pipeline corridor in the extreme southern portion of Yukon Territory. The goal of this analysis was to extract and identify any blood residues that may be present on the surfaces of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF CHIPPED STONE TOOLS FROM SOUTHERN YUKON TERRITORY AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA (2011)
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A total of 17 chipped stone tools were submitted for protein residue analysis. These items were recovered during survey work associated with the proposed Alaska Pipeline Project. These artifacts were recovered along the project corridor in Southern Yukon Territory and Northeastern British Columbia. The goal of this analysis was to extract and identify any blood residues that might be present on the surfaces of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF CLOVIS ARTIFACTS FROM SITES 42MD2502 AND 42MD2604, MILLARD COUNTY, UTAH (2013)
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Clovis biface tools from sites 42MD2502 and 42MD2604 were submitted for protein residue analysis. The sites were surveyed and recorded as part of the Milford Flat Project. Both sites are located in the Sevier Desert-Black Rock Desert, Utah, adjacent to Cove Creek. This analysis was undertaken to determine if protein residues derived from the use of these tools were present and identifiable.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF CLOVIS POINTS AND GREAT BASIN POINTS FROM SITES 42MD2502, 42MD2604, 42MD2620, 42MD2679, 42MD2645, AND 42MD3076, MILLARD COUNTY, UTAH (2008)
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Eight Clovis and four Great Basin Stemmed projectile points and bases were submitted for protein (blood) residue analysis. These artifacts were associated with lithic scatters recovered from six sites, all affected by moderate to severe wildland fire intensity and wind deflation of sediments. The goal of this study is to detect protein residues associated with the use of these artifacts.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF EIGHT LATE PREHISTORIC TOOLS FROM SITE 48AB1, WYOMING (2000)
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Eight lithic tools from the China Wall site, 48AB1, were analyzed for possible protein residues. These tools were recovered from levels dating between 400-900 years B.P. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning animal resources that might have been utilized by the Late Prehistoric occupants of the site.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL SOIL SAMPLES TO ASSESS THE PRESERVATION OF PIG BLOOD AND ITS SENSITIVITY TO PIG ANTISERUM OVER TIME (2011)
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A series of soil samples and controls from experimental plots in Louisiana were submitted for protein residue analysis. These samples were tested against pig antiserum in an effort to assess the detectability of pig blood based on spatial and temporal variables.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FEATURE-FILL SOIL SAMPLES FROM SITE SLT-094, ALASKA (2011)
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A total of ten feature-fill soil samples were submitted for protein residue analysis from site SLT-094, Alaska. This site, located on the Kuskokwim River, contains 2000- and 1800-year-old activity areas. The goal of this analysis was to detect protein residues that may be derived from fish and other animals utilized by the site occupants.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FLAKED LITHICS FROM THE REDSTONE ARSENAL SITE, 1MA1167, MADISON COUNTY, ALABAMA (2011)
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Four flaked lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis from the Redstone Arsenal site, 1MA1167, located in Madison County, Alabama. These tools were tested against various animal antisera to detect protein residues on their surfaces to better understand function and resource utilization.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FLAKED OBSIDIAN TOOLS FROM THE NORRIS CAMPGROUND SITE (48YE14), YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, WYOMING (2008)
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Protein residue analysis was conducted on 10 obsidian flaked tools from the Norris Campground site (48YE14), located within Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The site is located within the Norris Geyser Basin and is currently characterized by open timber stands. This site has been occupied periodically for approximately 9000 years and may have served primarily as a short-duration camp and obsidian biface production workshop. All of the submitted tools were excavated during the 1993 field...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FLAKED STONE TOOLS FROM SITE LOKAL 8/9, SOUTHERN COAST OF SWEDEN (2011)
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A total of four flaked stone tools from site Lokal 8/9, located along the coast of southern Sweden, were submitted for protein residue analysis. These tools were recovered from various feature-types associated with three Mesolithic huts that date to around 8,000 BP. Aquatic resources (fish) were most likely exploited by the site occupants. Protein residue analysis was conducted to identify animals that may have been processed with these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FOUR CLOVIS POINTS FROM THE DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, DUGWAY, UTAH (2009)
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Three Clovis projectile point bases and one projectile point tip were submitted for protein residue analysis. These artifacts were recovered from a site in the Cedar Mountains, within the U.S. Army’s Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah. This analysis will attempt to recover and identify any plant and animal protein residues that may be present on the surface of these tools.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FOUR LITHIC ARTIFACTS FROM SITE 28GL266, EASTERN NEW JERSEY (1996)
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Two projectile points and two bifaces from Site 28GL266 in eastern New Jersey were analyzed for possible protein residues. Immunological studies have shown that blood proteins on a tool's surface may be identified using modified forensic procedures. These artifacts were pre-tested using Hemastix Reagent strips that are currently used in the medical field to test for occult blood in urine. The Hemastix test reacts positively to the presence of hemoglobin and myoglobin. The four artifacts...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF FOUR LITHIC ARTIFACTS FROM SITE 36SQ109, NORTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA (1997)
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Four artifacts from the Wyalusing Bridge Replacement Site (36SQ109) in northeast Pennsylvania were analyzed for the presence of protein residues using a modified forensics procedure. Site 36SQ109 is a single component Lamoka site (3500-2500 B.C.). Protein residue analysis will be used to provide faunal subsistence information, which will help answer questions pertaining to use of the site by prehistoric groups in the Archaic period.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GROUND STONE ARTIFACTS FROM SITE CA-SCLI-43, SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA (2000)
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Two groundstone artifacts from site CA-SCLI-43 on San Clemente Island, California were analyzed for possible protein residues. Protein residue analysis had been conducted previously in another laboratory on both groundstone artifacts; however, neither of these groundstone appeared to have been washed prior to being accepted at Paleo Research. In addition, neither artifact was accompanied with a formal soil control sample; therefore, small soil controls were generated from the small amount of...
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GROUNDSTONE, LITHICS, AND BEDROCK MILLING ELEMENTS FROM SITE CA-SDI-16648, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (2012)
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Groundstone tools, flaked lithic tools, and wash samples from three bedrock milling elements were submitted for protein residue analysis from site CA-SDI-16648, Lawson Valley, San Diego County, California. Protein residue extracts from these samples were tested against various plant and animal antisera to better understand resource utilization by the site occupants.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF LITHIC ARTIFACTS AND AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF BONE FOR SITES FROM WILLISTON LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA (2011)
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Four Paleoindian lithic tools from Williston Lake, located in northern British Columbia, were submitted for protein residue analysis. The goal of this analysis was to extract and identify any blood residues that might be present on the surfaces of these tools. A calcined bone fragment from a hearth feature was also submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.
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PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF LITHIC ARTIFACTS FROM EL CALICHE (SRPMIC-100), ARIZONA (2014)
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The Tribal Court Facility, Project #135031, encompasses a rural area in Maricopa County, Arizona, and includes the western edge of El Caliche (SRPMIC-100). Lithic and groundstone artifacts from pit houses, borrow pit features, and sheet trash were submitted for protein residue analysis to provide data on their functions as tools.