Society for American Archaeology 81st Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL (2016)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara Gale. Shawn Patch. Sarah Lowry.

The vast majority of Ground Penetrating RADAR (GPR) surveys have used one ultra-wide band frequency range when examining sites. With this choice come assumptions of the maximum depth and size of potential features as there is always a trade-off in GPR between depth range and maximum resolution. A multi-component site or one with extended occupation may warrant surveys with different GPR antennas in order to reach the earlier occupations and still resolve small features, such as post molds....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steven James.

In the history of American archaeology, Fay-Cooper Cole (1881-1961) at the University of Chicago was instrumental in implementing standardized archaeological field methods and training a generation of archaeologists through his Illinois field schools in the 1930s and 1940s. In recent years, there has been some debate about the origins of the “Chicago Method” of excavation, for it has been stated that “Cole had no previous training in archaeology” (Browman 2002). Yet before he began his...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Toney. Marilyn Markel.

The dragonfly is a subject of intrigue around the world and many different cultures have ascribed unique meanings to its behaviors. The Dragonfly petroglyph site located on the Gila National Forest represents an interesting teaching place for cultural preservation and traditional values and beliefs. It also demonstrates the collaborative opportunities for the interpretation of this special place. Collaborative efforts between the Gila National Forest, Aldo Leopold High School, New Mexico...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Susan Bergh.

Artistically elaborate tapestry-woven tunics were the raiment of rulers and other esteemed elites of the ancient Andean Wari civilization (AD 600-1000). The tunics’ figurative iconography is well known: drawn from a limited repertoire that often relates to the Wari state’s official religious cult, it almost always comprises a single type of motif that repeats many times in different orientations and color combinations (color blocks) across each tunic’s gridded body. Less legible and recognized...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Todd Van Pool. Christine VanPool. Lauren Downs.

Casas Grandes Medio period (A.D. 1200-1450) human effigies are unique in the North American Southwest in that they depict primary and secondary sexual traits, making determination of sex possible. We consider the importance of depicted clothing (e.g., belts and sashes), personal adornments (e.g., necklaces and bracelets), facial decorations, and other aspects of dress. We find that Medio period symbolism for males and females was based on gender complementarity that combined the productive,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jordon Loucks.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of archaeological study in the identification of ethnic boundaries in nineteenth-century contexts along the railroads and canals of New York State. The connections between ethnic boundaries, imposed racialized groups, and economic status have been discussed at length in archaeology. By illustrating the economic development of the state using ArcGIS, the regional growth of access to market and class separation can be linked to the development of racist...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Robinson.

Circa A.D. 1000 the Mound and Enclosure Complex (MEC) began appearing on the landscape of southern Brazil and Misiones, Argentina. The MEC mark a distinct change in funerary practice reflecting increasing complexity in social structure. Modern southern Je groups exhibit dual social organisation, characterised by exogamic, patrilineal moieties, dividing all beings, objects, and natural phenomena into two cosmological categories. Archaeological research is beginning to identify the early evolution...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Lewis.

Polarizing female stereotypes are nothing new: Madonna/whore, “career woman”/ “stay at home mum,” “girly/tomboy”, and others Though modern feminist movements have opened many doors to removing the limitations applied to these stereotypes, women may still find themselves assuming these roles in order to appear more familiar, less threatening, and more trustworthy in order to facilitate their field work. My research in both Arizona and Jordan requires that I assume different female roles: demure...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Fennelly.

This paper will determine the extent to which the concept of ‘the child’ and ‘childhood’ was incorporated into the design of public institutions for the reception of children in the early-nineteenth century. The primary case study of this paper will be the Bedford Asylum for Industrious Children, a purpose built institution constructed adjacent to the North Dublin Union House of Industry in Ireland. Particular attention will be given to the frequent mention of the asylum in the records of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only R Hussey.

New and economical methods of digital preservation have enabled archaeologists to both protect and increase public access to threatened heritage sites. Recent plans to rehabilitate a long sealed but structurally threatened subterranean dungeon associated with Christian slavery, The Mazmorras of Tetouan, Morocco, provided an ideal location to integrate cost-effective methods of digital preservation with municipal restoration proposals. The creation of an online virtual tour with moderately priced...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zachary Beier.

Colonial military sites in the Caribbean have traditionally been considered as dominant monuments of European expansion, technology, control, and competition. Missing from these narratives are the diverse communities that came together within the walls of fortifications. At the Cabrits Garrison, Dominica, occupied by the British military between 1763 and 1854, the policy of incorporating enslaved laborers into auxiliary roles and later into soldiers serving in the West India Regiments is a part...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zenobie Garrett.

The transition from Roman to post-Roman Europe represents one of the sharpest breaks in the archaeological sequence of Europe. Over the past two decades, European archaeologists have increasingly argued for the necessity of a regional perspective to this transition. They argue against an interpretation that views the Roman-Medieval transition as a pan-European event, and instead, reframe the break as a series of localized events with independent chronologies and histories. Although...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lorena Craig.

This study is uses phylogenetic analysis to examine the dynamics of cultural evolution on material culture. The hypotheses assert that variation in material culture is significantly influenced from nearness and interactions with neighbors, impacts of local environments, and adaptation through distance in time and geographic space. However, cultural transmission processes occur differently for various types of cultural material and/or traditions. By using phylogenetic analysis of several types of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marcello Canuto. Simon Martin.

The political organization of the Classic Maya has been a hotly contested topic for many years. Since the 1930s, interpretations have fluctuated between visions of large-scale centralized states and small-scale decentralized polities. However, the recognition of a particular body of data in the inscriptions - statements of royal subordination and allegiance - is giving rise to a new consensus that obviates this this well-worn dichotomy. This introductory paper will set the scene for this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Pavlovic. Rodrigo Sánchez. Daniel Pascual. Andrea Martínez.

This paper aims to contribute to a critical analysis of the dynamics of interaction and integration between the Incas and the local populations in the Kollasuyu based on the results of research projects carried out during the last decades in the valleys of Aconcagua, Maipo, and Mapocho in the Mediterranean area of the western slope of the Andes. The collected records point to complex processes of acceptance, rejection and differential integration of local populations with respect to the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Doyle.

Many communities in the Maya Lowlands began when residents banded together to create E-Groups by leveling bedrock, paving over large plazas, and building modest pyramidal architecture. This presentation traces the spread of E-Groups after 700 BC as a product of two trends: the replication of a primordial place characterized by solar movement and a central living mountain, and the social and commercial gathering of peoples to exchange goods and ideas on a regular basis. The people producing and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gabriel Prieto. Jeffrey Quilter. Tom Dillehay.

The problem of the introduction or adoption of the ceramic technology in the Central Andes is still an open debate. Earlier efforts have identified that ceramic vessels in the Moche and Chicama valleys were already in use around 1600-1500 B.C. Current research support the fact that the Second millennium is tentatively the period when domestic wares became popular in this region. New data from the Gramalote and Huaca Prieta sites support this view, suggesting that there seems to be formal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michele Morgan. Jane Rousseau. Christina Hodge.

This paper reports recent study of anatomized human remains and artifacts from a trash feature beneath Holden Chapel in Cambridge, Massachusetts, once home to Harvard University’s medical school. The building housed medical instruction from 1801 until 1825 and was used for periodic anatomical lectures until the 1860s. During a 1999 renovation, archaeologists recovered more than 2700 objects, including scientific equipment, domestic artifacts, and faunal remains, from a defunct dry well in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Hard. John R. Roney. A.C. MacWilliams. Mary Whisenhunt. Mark Willis.

Early Agricultural Period (EAP) occupations in the Upper Gila River in southeastern Arizona indicate that EAP cerros de trincheras are more widespread than previously thought. Recent fieldwork evaluates evidence from these sites to address issues related to chronology, agriculture, and warfare. Sites include both cerros de trincheras (hilltop sites) as well as valley sites. The site of Round Mountain contains 1.9 km of berm walls and terraces, 16 rock rings, and was built on a 640 foot hill...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steven Koski. John A. Gifford.

Underwater excavations in the basin of Little Salt Spring by the University of Miami since 1992 have recovered seven artifacts made from bone, wood, and shell with applied design elements from contexts associated with Early Archaic through Middle Archaic periods. These design elements represent some of the earliest known from Florida; as early as 10560 to 10253 Cal. BP (2‐sigma). An analysis of these artifacts will be presented, with their relative and absolute dates, and compared to regional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Sullivan. Jaime Awe.

Ongoing ceramic analysis at Cahal Pech have allowed for a more complete understanding of the Cunil Ceramic Complex that was originally defined by Awe in 1992. These data provide important information on the early inhabitants of the site and reflect the formation of new political strategies and identities. The innovation of ceramic manufacture and the display of specific symbols suggest that a rising elite was firmly in place by around 1000 B.C. in the Belize Valley. Recent finds suggest that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barbara Arroyo.

Various cultural parallels have been mentioned in the past about the connections between two important regions in the Americas: South America and Mesoamerica. The nature of how this contact took place was a research question that has interested many but is still unanswered. This paper will address the question using information from archaeological fieldwork carried out at sites on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. Additional information will come from the “invisible” records including...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Beekman.

The site of Los Guachimontones-Loma Alta is the largest political center of the Late Formative/Early Classic periods in central Jalisco, with an occupation extending from the late Middle Formative through to the end of the Postclassic period. This spans more than 1500 years and includes three major material culture complexes already defined in other locations - Tequila II, III, and IV, El Grillo, and Atemajac I and II. The primary ceremonial architecture of the site pertains to the Tequila...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carola Flores-Fernandez. Diego Salazar. Laura Olguín. Gabriel Vargas. Camila Arenas.

In this presentation we will discuss recent results on the historical trajectory of hunter-gatherer-fishers from the coast of Taltal, Southern Atacama Desert, Chile. We will focus on the Early Holocene period (around ca. 11.500 – 10.000 cal BP) which includes several logistical occupations in rock-shelters and an open-air pigment mine. Our research aims to understand geographical and climatic conditions during the early human occupation of the area and its relation to human mobility and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Konwest. Stacie M. King.

Among burials below the floor of an elite adobe residence, the Proyecto Arqueológico Nejapa/Tavela uncovered 448 fragments and complete glass and jet beads at the early Colonial period town of Majaltepec, located in the mountains of the Nejapa region, Oaxaca, Mexico. This poster will discuss the likely biography of the beads, from manufacture in Europe to the current display in the local museum. Some of the glass beads match types known to have been manufactured in Spain, France, and Venice....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Francisco Valdez.

Hypotheses that held Amazonia untenable for the development of complex societies have now been discarded. The presumed incapacity of the soil to ensure permanent agricultural production (sustain large populations) has been proved false, not because of the limitations of the soil, but rather because Amazonians found ways to overcome the flaws and develop adequate strategies for sustainable food production. Recent studies show that early complexity was present in the tropics with forms of typical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Wenke.

Of all the ancient states, the concept of heterarchy would seem to be least applicable to ancient Egypt.There, according to traditional interpretations, successive polities in the 3rd Millennium BC successfully monopolized power and authority by means of increasingly elaborate and hierarchically- arranged administrative structures and functions. But recent analyses and evidence suggest that state did not maintain absolute control at all times and in all areas of the state, particularly with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Aldenderfer.

Research over the past few decades in the Andean world has identified a number of preludes to sociopolitical complexity, persistent leadership, and emergent inequality that involve a diversity of social and cultural forms, including the control and manipulation of ritual or religious power, the mobilization of labor to construct a variety of forms of public architecture, the display of status or prestige items, and control over access to socially valued goods. In many archaeological contexts...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nuno Bicho. João Marreiros. João Cascalheira. Mussa Raja.

During the 2014 and 2015 field season, we have excavated a new loci with an early Gravettian horizon in the Rock Shelter area of the site of Vale Boi, Southern Portugal. The loci is marked by a unique cache composed of close to 20 artifacts, most of which are pristine backed points in non-local chert. Due to typological characteristics, that includes points identical to those found in Pego do Diabo cave near Lisbon, and to those found in Vale Boi dated to 32.5 ka cal BP, as well as to the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sergi Lozano. Luce Prignano. Magdalena Gómez-Puche. Javier Fernández-López de Pablo.

Late Glacial and Early Holocene environmental changes affected different domains of human demography, settlement and subsistence patterns. The variable spatial patterning produced by the prehistoric hunter-gatherers archaeological record, from local bands to larger regional groups, demands new approaches for analysing the multi-scalar nature of human-environmental interactions. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of a long-term research program aimed to decipher the relationship...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Helmer.

This paper examines the relationship between foodways and settlement nucleation at Samanco, a maritime center located in the Nepeña Valley littoral. Samanco comprises hundreds of orthogonal stone structures agglutinated into compounds spanning over 40 hectares. The site is similar to several other contemporary settlements in Nepeña, interpreted to be part of an integrated peer network. Excavations at Samanco yielded extraordinary amounts of food refuse, including mollusk, fish, faunal, and plant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Treloar. David Chicoine.

Results of systematic surface surveys and excavations at Early Horizon sites in the lower Nepeña Valley indicate the increased importance of armed conflicts and intercommunity violence, especially during the second half of the first millennium BC. Although scholars agree that warfare likely played a major role in shaping local sociopolitical and ritual landscapes during the Early Horizon, little is known about the nature of warfare and associated defensive strategies in Nepeña. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jay Haviser. Menno Hoogland. Joost Morsink. Ruud Stelten. Corinne Hofman.

In January 2016, Leiden University initiated a project on Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. Through a multidisciplinary perspective, and in comparison with earlier Leiden research on Curacao, the goal of this project is to examine how people utilized the landscape during the earliest occupation of the islands. Archaeological investigations focus on two locations; Wanapa II site and caves. Located behind Lac Bay, the Wanapa II site will yield data on settlement dynamics and house structures on Bonaire....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniela Osorio. Calogero Santoro. Marcela Sepúlveda. José Capriles. Paula Ugalde.

The problem of how and when the Andean highland (≥ 3,400 m above sea level) west of the Atacama Desert was colonized by humans has recently been the subject of extensive interdisciplinary research. New information challenges traditional interpretations that occupation of this extreme environment started relatively late in the process of peopling South America. Based on archaeological and paleoecological data from various sites in northern Chile, we propose that the Altiplano, a mega-ecological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rafael Suárez.

Research on the early occupation in the Southern Cone has turned its attention to a particular type of diagnostic artifact: the Fishtail points. Archaeological excavations conducted in Uruguay over the last 15 years have allowed indicating the presence of a cultural tradition of bifacial stemmed points, represented by at least three distinct cultural groups defined on the basis of different projectile points types: Fishtail (12,800- 12,200 calibrated yr BP), Tigre (12,000-11,200 calibrated yr...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph Mountjoy. Fabio Germán Cupul Magaña. Rafael García de Quevedo Machain. Martha Lorenza López Mestas Camberos.

Recent investigations at the site of Arroyo Piedras Azules on the northwestern coast of Jalisco have revealed much about the nature and the date of Early Postclassic Aztatlán colonization of the Pacific coast of Jalisco. Excavations at this 3-4 hectare habitation site by a local enthusiast and follow-up investigations that included stratigraphic excavations by the primary author have indicated a direct colonization of this site by people from coastal Nayarit who arrived during the Cerritos phase...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Harry. Sachiko Sakai.

The Virgin Branch ceramic typology is poorly defined. Definitions and chronologies of most types were established more than half a century ago, when little work had been conducted in the region. Further, because of an absence of tree-ring dates, the placement of most types has relied on cross-dating with Kayenta pottery styles. These situations can create problems when using ceramics to date archaeological contexts, as illustrated by recent excavations at the Pete’s Pocket site. This site,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John F. Hoffecker. Vance Holliday.

Between 40,000 and 30,000 cal B.P., small herds of horses were hunted in Europe. Much of the evidence is derived from the central plain of Eastern Europe, including multiple sites at Kostenki-Borshchevo on the Middle Don River (Russia) and Mira on the Lower Dnepr River (southern Ukraine). These sites contain large bone beds analogous to the bison bone beds of the Great Plains, and the analysis of their depositional context and taphonomic characteristics yields information on how horse mare-bands...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alison Brooks. John Yellen. Andrew Zipkin. Laure Dussubieux. Potts Rick.

Excavation of the Middle Stone Age site of GOK-1 at Olorgesailie (2001-2011) yielded two pieces of iron-rich rock from a well-developed red soil below a tuff dated to 220 ka. The soil’s stratigraphic position in the G locality and the associated lithics suggest it is more comparable to the some of the earliest Middle Stone Age sites in nearby Locality B, which date to over 300 ka. The larger rock exhibits grinding striations exposing powdery red pigment. Furthermore, an incomplete perforation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Arthur Joyce. Sarah Barber. Jeffrey Brzezinski.

This paper considers the relationship between sacrifice and the people, practices, and objects assembled on later Formative period public buildings in the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca. Excavations in public buildings at numerous sites in the region have found evidence for ceremonial practices including the emplacement of earth offerings, the interment of human bodies in cemeteries, and ritual feasting. The objects emplaced in public buildings as offerings included ceramic vessels, greenstone,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Goodman Elgar. Amanda Logan.

West African earthen architecture is among the most elaborated in the world as recognized by the World Heritage site status of Asante buildings at Kumasi. However, its history is poorly known. This study begins to redress this gap by employing bulk sediment analyses and soil micromorphology to characterize building remains recovered at the Ngre Kataa site, in Banda, Ghana and a contemporary earthen compound in the region. The study was conducted in tandem with archaeological and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only G. Logan Miller.

Lithic microwear analysis remains a powerful tool for anthropological archaeology by providing insights into stone tool function. As the method continues to mature, practitioners have recently made important advances in documenting and quantifying variation in wear patterns. Since its inception, however, little discussion has focused on the role of sampling in microwear studies. As a result, sample sizes in published microwear reports vary widely. A related issue involves generating a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Enza Spinapolice.

The Late Pleistocene is a central period in the story of human origin, being associated with the spread of modern humans within and Out of Africa. While fossils and genetics provide the evolutionary setting for the origin of our species, stone tools are often the only archaeological remain attesting of Early Modern Human behavior, and constitute the bulk of the evidence on hominin behavioural variability. East Africa encompasses ∼3.6 million km² including a large variety of biomes. Sites are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenna Domeischel.

Home of the Clovis type-site and the Blackwater Draw Museum, as well as the Agency for Conservation Archaeology, Eastern New Mexico University serves as a repository for varied collections from within the state of New Mexico and from farther afield. Numerous well-known and respected archaeologists have held positions at the university and conducted fieldwork in the region, leaving their archaeological materials in trust. Additionally, the USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meggan Blessing. Michelle LeFebvre. Neill Wallis.

Along the northern parts of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of Florida and southern Georgia, coastal sites of the Deptford and Swift Creek archaeological cultures (circa A.D. 1 to 600) map onto the distinctive estuarine and salt marsh ecological zones of the region. Beyond their similar environments, inhabitants within this region seem to have been united by a cultural milieu characterized by commonalities in village life, material culture, ritual practices, and ostensibly, patterns of subsistence....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Blake.

Increasing reliance on staple crop agriculture has long been a cornerstone of most archaeological theorizing about emerging complex society—and especially early state formation. Comparisons of Formative Mesoamerica and Andean South America reveal the very different roles that the New World’s most important grain crop—maize—played in Formative period and subsequent economies. In Mesoamerica, where maize was first domesticated, it became an increasingly important, and symbolically laden, source of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brittany Hundman. Nicola Sharratt. Beth Turner.

Subsistence practices during the transition from Early Intermediate Period (200 BC-AD 600) to the Middle Horizon Period (AD 600- AD 1000) is crucial to understanding Pre-Hispanic life on the Southern coast of Peru. As the Nasca polity waned and the Wari state began to expand life in the coastal valleys was changing. Through bioarchaeological reconstruction of diet and health at the site of Cerro Del Oro, in the Canete Valley, the effects of demographic and subsistence changes can be examined....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Langenwalter. Titus Kennedy.

During 1851 the Mariposa Battalion was formed to quell conflict between a number of Central California tribes and settlers during the California Gold Rush. The battalion’s pursuit of the Chowchilla and Chukchansi tribes led to several important discoveries including a Chukchansi curing shrine and Yosemite Valley. Diarist Robert Eccleston named the shrine “The Great Medicine Rock” and provided a brief description of its use. This is the earliest account of any rock art in California and one of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Atholl Anderson.

Recent interest in accounting for very early offshore seafaring, generally from about 15,000 to 50,000 years ago, but in some cases extending up to one million years ago, has seen arguments for and against the influence of biogeographic factors, human behavioural ecology, and advances in cognition, language and technical expertise. I suggest that the seafaring milieu, as a natural system taking in conditions for offshore passages and the availability of resources for making offshore-capable...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Camille Weinberg. Nicole Payntar. R. Alan Covey.

Regional surveys to the north and west of Cusco demonstrate that the earliest villages (c. 1000 BC – AD 300) are found across a wide elevation range, and in varying contexts of local ecological diversity. This paper considers the role that local resource variation and subsistence practices might have played in the long-term stability of these early communities. Using data from 131 Formative Period sites registered across a 1200 square kilometer study region, we evaluate the surrounding...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas Fenn. Jeffrey Fleischer. Stephanie Wynne-Jones. Edward Pollard. Tom Fitton.

Historic Swahili towns along the East African coast played prominent roles in the triangular Indian Ocean maritime trade linking East Africa with India and the Persian Gulf/Red Sea, but their impact and the extent of economic changes through time at these towns are still poorly understood. Examining non-ferrous metals, many of which were imported and reworked locally, can serve as a proxy to understand the impact of Indian Ocean trade on local economies, particularly with regard to the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard Hansen. Edgar Suyuc. Stanley Guenter. Beatriz Balcarcel. Carlos Morales.

Investigations in 51 ancient cities of varying sizes in the Mirador Basin of northern Guatemala have revealed a variety of data relevant to the economic catalysts that were involved in the rise of social, political, and economic sophistication among the Preclassic Maya. The real "business" of the early Maya dealt with agricultural productivity and a powerful distribution mechanism to distribute and facilitate unification among a web of sites in the Mirador Basin. However, a variety of other...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diane Chase. Arlen Chase.

The economies of the ancient Maya did not exist in vacuums; rather, they were interconnected to each other. This paper details the way in which one of these economies functioned during the Late Classic Period (A.D. 550-900). Archaeological research at Caracol, Belize has been able to reconstruct how ancient Maya production and exchange systems were functioning within a large metropolitan area that serviced over 100,000 people. The population of Caracol maintained agricultural self-sufficiency on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tomas Gallareta Negron. Tomas Gallareta. William Ringle. Bey George.

Some theorists of the ancient Maya economy argue that the movement of goods served to materialize and aid in the performance of what were essentially political relations of power. Such a perspective emphasizes the rigidity and extreme hierarchy of exchange networks, and their essential focus on the ruler's body and his court. Proponents of market exchange, in contrast, see exchange as serving more quotidien processes of supply and demand, and only tangentially political forces. The Puuc Hills of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachel McTavish. Lucienne Van de Pas. Amy Klemmer.

The manifestation of different cultural history trajectories of Late Prehistoric Oneota groups from eastern and western Wisconsin can be seen in multiple material classes, including faunal remains. Despite the generally similar use of shell as a ceramic tempering agent and generic vessel shapes, Wisconsin Oneota groups vary among localities in settlement and subsistence practices. The relationship among Oneota groups and wild rice, maize, aquatic and upland game, as well as the choice of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Allison Mickel.

Network science has begun to transform how we view systems of people and objects in the archaeological past, but also provides new insight into how archaeologists collaborate to create the archaeological record. Using two longterm excavations as case studies-- Catalhoyuk in Turkey and the Temple of the Winged Lions in Petra, Jordan-- I demonstrate how network approaches help to visualize and measure teamwork on these archaeological sites. I identify how a person's position in formal site...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Veysel Apaydin.

Recent decades have witnessed an increasing involvement of archaeology projects in planning and carrying out heritage education programs to increase heritage awareness among the public. This paper aims to explore ways in which models of education programmes in Public Archaeology could be more effective in ensuring the protection of heritage sites by examining the one of the worlds longest education program that has been run by Çatalhöyük Research Project in Turkey. It is important to pay...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Marquardt.

Dermatoglyphic impressions - the patterns of ridges and furrows, whorls, loops, and arches present on human hands and feet - are recognized by forensic scientists as having sexually dimorphic characteristics. Sex and age can be estimated from these impressions achieving rates of accuracy similar to other metric methods utilized in physical anthropology and bioarchaeology (Marasco et al. 2014, Mundorff et al. 2014). Despite this potential, analysis of dermatoglpyphic impressions left on plastic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bryan Tucker. Jennifer Weber.

Natural and historic resource managers are confronted with conflicting obligations and priorities; they must provide access to a resource while simultaneously protecting the resource for future generations. This tension between use and preservation is apparent when members of the public want to stage military reenactments on historic battlefields. Military reenactors are a passionate constituency who support battlefield preservation and volunteer time and funds to preserve these resources. Many...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Briana Doering.

This study considers the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing techniques (cooking and fermentation) on carbon and nitrogen isotopes in wild caught King Salmon from Alaska's Interior in order to determine isotopic profiles for both processed and unprocessed tissues. This study is relevant to the study of past diet and particularly past cooking techniques employed in the Far North throughout prehistory. The data presented here will serve as a reference for future studies of prehistoric...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amelie Allard.

The late eighteenth-century fur trade in the Western Great Lakes region offers a particular multi-ethnic context in which social relations between Indigenous peoples and men of European or mixed descent were created and negotiated on a daily basis. With his seminal book “The Middle Ground,” Richard White (1991) challenged prior views, often of a Marxist bend, of the fur trade as a strictly colonial endeavor that led to the inevitable acculturation of Native peoples. While the Montreal merchants...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gilberto Pérez-Roldán. M. Fabiola Torres-Estévez.

Para muchas comunidades prehispánicas, la fauna formó parte de la alimentación y en ocasiones en la elaboración de objetos. En esta investigación se abordarán las especies tanto de invertebrados como vertebrados, destacando los siguientes grupos: Pleuroploca sp., Pintada mazatlanica, Chama sp., entre otras especies. En el caso de los vertebrados: Ranas sp., Meleagris gallopavo, Sylvilagus sp., Lepus sp., Canis familiaris, Odocoileus virginianus, entre otros. En este asentamiento también hallaron...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martha Mejia Cano.

En el norte de Colombia, el Formativo Temprano se ha considerado un período transcendental para entender el paso de una economía de caza y recolección a la experimentación con plantas. Nuevos aportes efectuados en los sitios arqueológicos de Puerto Hormiga, Monsú y San Jacinto 1, ubicados en el departamento de Bolívar ha permitido la recuperación e identificación de gránulos de almidón de varias plantas (entre ellas la yuca, el maíz y el ñame) obtenidos del interior de varios fragmentos líticos,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara Ladron De Guevara.

Los avances en la arqueobotánica nos han permitido conocer los procesos por los cuales el maíz fue domesticado y hasta hace relativamente poco se creía que su consumo estaba ligado a las necesidades alimentarias y el incremento poblacional. Sin embargo, nuevos datos sugieren que una de las principales causas de la domesticación fue su uso ritual; esta característica constituyo uno de los pilares de la tradición iconográfica mesoamericana ya que se fue complejizando y articulando a otros...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura Angélica Romero Padilla.

Gracias a las evidencias reunidas por la recién impulsada arqueología de cuevas se ha demostrado una constante, entre la interacción de estos espacios, con las diferentes esferas de la sociedad maya, llámese política, económica o religiosa. Pareciera un elemento indisociable y no podía ser de otra manera porque las cuevas formaron parte del paisaje, incluso antes de la presencia humana. Fueron los primeros refugios de los hombres, el habitar cotidiano que el tiempo transformó en lazos. Es...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Russell Skowronek. Juan Gonzalez. James Hinthore. Ronald Bishop.

El Sauz chert is a lithic resource in south Texas that was used to make stone tools dating from Early Archaic (3500-6000 BC) to Late Prehistoric (AD 700) times. Located in Starr County, Texas a few miles north of the Rio Grande are two chert quarries associated with altered rhyolitic ash of the Catahoula Formation. Given its restricted occurrence, El Sauz chert offers a unique opportunity to study prehistoric exchange and resource procurement. Tools of this chert are common east of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christine Pink. Danielle Kurin. Matthew Boulanger.

The Chanka were an ethnically distinct population that occupied territory in modern-day Apurimac, Peru. During the Middle Horizon (MH) (600-1000 AD) Chanka sites considered in this study were situated along roads connecting three major administrative centers of the Wari Empire: Huari, Pikillacta, and Jincamocco. After the imperial collapse during the Late Intermediate Period (LIP) (1000-1476 AD), evidence of increased violence suggests a shift in regional social organization. This study utilized...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christine Bergmann. Robert Tykot. Robert Bowers.

Peru is commonly known for having the largest empire in pre-Columbian America but relatively less is known about the subsistence and migratory patterns of the pre-Inca communities that existed from the Initial Period through the Early Intermediate Period. During the Initial Period, interaction and trade was prevalent among coastal, inland, and highland populations with trade interactions intensifying later in time with peoples from the highlands. Our research tests the hypothesis that increased...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Hill. Kevin Nolan. Mark Seeman. Laure Dussubieux.

Artifacts of copper occupy a position of prominence in the Hopewell societies of Ohio’s Scioto Valley. Earspools, repousse plaques, effigy cutouts, celts, and a wide variety of other forms represent a technological and artistic mastery of the medium. These artifacts also represent the social contacts and long distance interactions that brought copper to the Scioto Valley and yet our understanding of copper acquisition for Ohio Hopewell, and the movement of copper artifacts within the social...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Spencer Lambert. Joseph Bryce.

Fremont diet is an aspect of Great Basin archaeology that has long fascinated Fremont scholars. Excavations which occurred at Wolf Village, a Fremont site in Goshen, Utah, have yielded a large amount of faunal remains which can help archaeologists to identify the types of animals used in Fremont diet. Excavations at the northern most knoll of the site uncovered a large bell-shaped pit filled with a high quantity of faunal remains. The high concentration of bone provided a significant amount of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeleine Yakal. Stephen Acabado.

Elite formation and development of cultural complexity in the Philippines have been considered to be a product of long-distance trade and interaction beginning at ca. AD 1000. Proxy indicators for this political shift have been based on increasing centralization of pottery production and consumption. In the highlands, however, we see an alternative basis for elite formation; one based on access to wet rice and the ability to sponsor feasts. In this paper, we explore the development of social...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Stauffer.

Along the periphery of the Mississippian Art and Ceremonial Complex, the Lake Jackson site existed as a multi-mound ceremonial center whose material contents included objects bearing widespread symbols connected with complex traditions in the long-lived history of Native American iconography and ceremonialism. This paper investigates the occupation chronology of the site through an analysis of its ceramic assemblage and artifact proveniences with a particular focus on Mound 5, a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Leonard. Jeffrey Vadala.

This paper explores how the ancient Maya of the Yalahau region generated and used ecological knowledge of their unique wetland environment in the Preclassic period. We approach ecological knowledge generation as a process that arises within the context of observable seasonal environmental events and changing and evolving pragmatic goals. Using paleoenvironmental reconstructions, we isolate the key seasonal events that would parametrically structure how environmental capacities could be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel Duwe.

This poster explores the emergence of Tewa Pueblo society in northern New Mexico and uses archaeological methods to understand the ways in which disparate communities (of migrants and autochthonous people) coalesced to create a novel social, ceremonial, and residential organization – the hallmarks of Tewa village life – in the mid-fourteenth century. While recent research demonstrates where and when these changes occurred, archaeologists know little about why and how the ancestral Tewa...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Duncan Sayer.

Infant and child graves have often received ambiguous interpretation when found in archaeological context. In 2012 a child’s grave was excavated in the sixth century cemetery at Oakington Cambridgeshire. Sometime after deposition its feet were truncated by a large adult grave, however, the child’s bones were repositioned on its legs, an action which impels continuing agency influencing the gravediggers long after the child had died and been buried. Child mortality was high in many past...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Hubbard. Olivia Navarro-Farr. Aaron Burke.

The wide-ranging research focused on the turbulence of the Late Bronze Age in the Mediterranean and the Levant has not yet yielded a unified narrative of how this period was experienced across the region. While some sites exhibit no sign of the infamous collapse or ‘crisis,’ many others exhibit rapid abandonment or destruction layers. The narrative surrounding these destructions tends to be viewed as relating to either the imperial Egyptian invasion, Israel’s rising kingdom, or all manner of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christina Warinner. Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan. Thomas Stoellner. Frank Ruehli. Cecil Lewis.

The increasing connectedness of global human populations during the Anthropocene has spread microbial pathogens far and wide. Yet at the same time, the human gut microbiome has simplified, leaving industrialised societies with less complex and diverse microbiota, and increased risk for chronic inflammatory disorders. Among the many taxa that have been lost is the bacterial genus Treponema. Treponema are present in the gut microbiota of great apes, present day hunter-gatherers in Africa and South...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrea Delgado. Jason De León. Cameron Gokee. Haeden Stewart.

Undocumented Central Americans migrating to the United States must first cross the entire country of Mexico. In order to make this clandestine crossing the majority of people ride on the tops of deadly freight trains and walk along train tracks that traverse hundreds of miles of remote Mexican wilderness. This perilous journey can last anywhere from weeks to several months. During this stage of migration people suffer from a variety of injuries and ailments including (but not limited to)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Chicoine.

This paper considers the spatial design of ritual gathering places and the iconographic content of associated sculpted friezes at Early Horizon centers in Nepeña, coastal Ancash, Peru. The Early Horizon marked a transition from representational art of the late Initial Period to abstract forms of public visual arts during the second half of the first millennium BC. This paper examines the context of the public visual arts within enclosed compounds – hypothesized as multi-functional residences –...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Janusz Woloszyn.

Moche art served the purpose of not only disseminating specific content of a religious nature, but it was also a tool of social influence and control. Its iconography gives an exceptional opportunity to study the mechanisms of perceiving and presenting others (representatives of different cultural and probably also ethnic group) by a society which has not left behind any written documents for us. It is also interesting how these representations could be used in the process of shaping...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lewis Messenger, Jr..

Descendant, often indigenous, communities, have felt varying degrees of tension between themselves and archaeologists. Historically this results from an archaeology that often treated ancient cultural materials as specimens to be scientifically analyzed. While seen as contributing to the greater knowledge, the sense of the ancient individual, of the person – those often perceived as direct ancestral kin of descendant communities – is lost. In many cases this has led toward feelings of distrust...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Miller.

The flagship program to come out of FPAN’s Northeast Regional Center, hosted by Flagler College in St. Augustine, is the Cemetery Resource Protection Training (CRPT) workshop. CRPT developed in an effort to curb the mass deterioration of historic cemeteries across the state, particularly in Jacksonville, Palatka, and Fernandina Beach where municipal governments are responsible for their preservation and maintenance. Outcomes of CRPT were the subject of a recent AAP article (Miller 2015:275-290)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiffany Fulkerson.

Within the last 30 years, researchers have made considerable advances in the effort to engender the archaeological record in areas of northwestern North America. Despite these developments, archaeological considerations of gender in the southern Plateau remain markedly sparse; rather, studies in the region tend to focus on human-environmental interactions and subsistence, settlement, and technological systems. This study aims to address the relative scarcity of explicit and systematic approaches...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Clark.

Since the early 1930s, systematic archaeological excavations of Monongahela sites have produced a large mortuary assemblage. Despite the large number of burials, Monongahela mortuary studies have remained mainly descriptive. Previous attempts to categorize Monongahela mortuary behavior have relied on generalities about Monongahela burial data, masking the importance of gender and age variability within a site. This research presents the results from a study using comparisons of patterns among...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rita Wright.

Water tanks, sump pits, street drains, toilets, sewage drains, shaft wells, bathing platforms and other waste management amenities are among the visible landmarks of the cities of the Indus civilization. While they did provide conveniences for city dwellers, there were certain inequities in the types of amenities associated with individual households, but it was in the interest of all to keep the system in working order. There is no direct evidence for the complex network and infrastructural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alysia Leon.

During the summer of 2015 a puzzling structure was excavated in the cemetery at Panquilma, a major Ychsma settlement on the Peruvian central coast. Upon first glance this structure appeared to have a layout of a household structure but was located near the outskirts of the cemetery, far from the residential center of the site. A wide array of unusual items such as an abundance of metal fragments, colorful bird feathers, orpiment, an arsenic-bearing yellowish mineral used as a pigment, and lithic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly Salyers.

As social archaeologists, we have long affirmed the fluidity of social structures, yet we continue to experience proactive interference from the political economy lessons long embedded in our memory. Through the review of social memory applications in Mesoamerica, this paper discusses how the battle between the individual and the social approaches to memory fall victim to our current entanglements of memory. Building from this review, I will consider how incorporating applications of ArcGIS and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bryan Dull.

Postcolonial theory has provided a useful framework that archaeologists have applied over the last several decades to confront issues of social identity in colonial encounters. However, few have considered its utility in addressing cultural interaction in prehistoric contexts. This paper considers the applicability of postcolonial theory in the Upper Mississippian world between 900-1200 CE. In particular, I consider the material evidence and site distribution at multiple scales to argue that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tara Stanko. Megan Perry.

The residents of the Nabataean capital city of Petra (Jordan) remain an enigmatic element of Near Eastern history. Most research has focused on the site’s architecture rather than the inhabitants living amongst the city’s spectacular structures. Excavations of 1st century B.C./A.D. tombs from Petra’s North Ridge in 2012 and 2014 recovered a sizeable sample (N=113) of Petra’s non-elite inhabitants. This project explores entheses to understand physical activity levels and patterns within this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Castanet Cyril. Purdue Louise. Lemonnier Eva. Nondédéo Philippe. Testé Marc.

The eco-socio-system of the wetlands (bajos) situated around the city of Naachtun is studied in relation with the water and soil resources (availability, use, management), between environment, climate and societies. The objectives are to characterize the evolution of the hydrosystems and agrosystems during the last 3 millennia and particularly during the Classic Period. The approach is systemic and multi-scalar, based on interdisciplinary works with geoarchaeological, geomorphological,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle LeFebvre.

Environmental Archaeology is a diverse field that focuses on the inherent relationships between past people and the physical environments in which they lived. Archaeologists employ traces of past human behavior and cultural practices in their macro-, micro-, geo- and biochemical forms to study past environmental conditions as well as human activities that directly or indirectly involved or impacted the environment. In the Caribbean islands, archaeologists employ a diversity of analytical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Isabel Rivera-Collazo.

The connection between environmental change and social response is complex because change occurs on multiple inter-related factors, human decisions are filtered by social buffers, and the rate and scale of environmental change differs from scale of human decision-making. In this presentation I consider the rate of coastal landscape change before the mid-Holocene affecting human settlement patterns in the Caribbean, evaluate traditional settlement patterns in the context of maritime culture, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Bowman. Joshua Reuther.

Environmental changes, presently and prehistorically, are important factors which influence the expression of the archaeological record in subarctic sand dune environments. Current environmental changes (e.g., vegetation loss, shifts in aridity) affect preservation and associative contexts of the archaeological and paleoenvironmental records. Prehistoric environmental factors and post-depositional changes in these geological settings also played a role in how humans decided to use dune fields,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Blanca Maldonado.

Mining and metallurgy played a critical role in the economic, political, and social development of Spanish American colonies, and although it has consequently received extensive attention by scholars, there have been very few studies of the environmental dimensions of these industries. The present work explores the impact of mining and processing of metal ores on the environment, for the mining districts located along the Bishopric of Michoacan (which included the modern states of Michoacan and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chin-hsin Liu.

As a continuously occupied Neolithic (~2,000-1,500 B.C.) site in coastal central Thailand, Khok Phanom Di yielded abundant artifacts and biological remains providing detailed insights to its environmental patterns and human biology. Core studies and faunal diversity analyses suggested the existence of an episode of receding coastal margin between 1,750 and 1,650 B.C., exposing marsh and freshwater areas that were previously inaccessible. The transition from a marine/estuarine site to a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Nelson. Emily Sharp. Tiffiny Tung.

The socio-political decline of the Wari Empire and a severe drought ca. AD 1000/1100 led to significant changes in health among those who lived in the former imperial core. The political turmoil, social upheaval, and prolonged drought coalesced to create poor community health. Infectious disease appears to have been an aspect of morbidity that dramatically changed relative to the preceding era of Wari rule. Here we examine the skeletal evidence for bacterial infections among post-Wari...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timothy Beach. Sheryl Beach. Nicholas Dunning.

We read history to understand the present and possible future worlds, but each situation that arises in time is unique. This paradox of history also fits natural science brought to bear on archaeology because often equifinality prevails, meaning there are several paths to the same ends we see in landscapes. These complicate our interpretations, both delightfully and disturbingly. Here, we address both the agronomic and climatic capriciousness of the variegated Maya puzzle. We consider terrace,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steve Fox. Claire Ebert. Jaime Awe.

The Terminal Classic (AD 750-900/1000) Maya "collapse" remains one of the least understood and most debated aspects in Maya archaeology. One characteristic feature of Terminal Classic contexts in the Belize Valley are large surficial ceramic deposits and are located in the corners of plazas, in front of stairs, and in the doorways of public architecture. These types of terminal deposits have been attributed to numerous activities including termination rituals, feasting events, refuse disposal in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew Somerville. Jose Luis Punzo Díaz.

The end of the Mesoamerican Classic Period (ca. AD 900) was a time characterized by widespread social change, political upheaval, and broad regional drought conditions. In Northwest Mexico, several large centers such as La Quemada and Alta Vista were abandoned and never reoccupied. The site of La Ferrería in the Guadiana Valley of Durango, however, remained an important site for several centuries into the Postclassic Period. This presentation explores the social and environmental factors that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kellam Throgmorton.

The scale of social groups (such as households, lineages, moieties, factions, and clans) can have a profound effect on the development of political hierarchies. The household is an important building block of larger sociopolitical formations. Similarly, the village is theorized as an important political entity that is sometimes characterized by unequal power relations among individuals and groups. In this poster, I explore the scale of households, the architectural spaces they inhabited, and how...