The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses

Part of the Roosevelt Community Development Study-Center for Desert Archaeology (DRAFT) project

Editor(s): Mark D. Elson; Jeffrey J. Clark

Year: 1995

Summary

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13 (two volumes) contains background information and the site descriptions; Anthropological Papers No. 14 (three volumes) includes the artifact and environmental analyses; and Anthropological Papers No. 15 presents the synthesis and conclusions.

The project was situated within the Tonto National Forest and covered a four-mile, continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River. Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and, possibly, cultural diversity. These included two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites); a 10Q-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site); smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site); and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 100-600), at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site, through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin and provides definitive evidence for an indigenous ceramic-using population. The project area was inhabited most intensively during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, pueblo room blocks, and small masonry compounds were occupied. Architectural and artifact variability suggest the presence of several different cultural groups co-residing in the Tonto Basin at this time, and migration is believed to have been a significant process in Tonto Basin prehistory. The RCD project area was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites.

The mandate of the RCD project, as spedfied by the Bureau of Reclamation, was to investigate the temporal and developmental sequence of the prehistoric populations within this area. To meet these goals, six sites were intensively examined through full-scale excavation, and an extensive data set was gathered from the remaining 21 sites.

The three volumes in Anthropological Papers No. 14 contain the artifact and environmental analyses. More than 150,000 artifacts were recovered from the RCD excavations. This volume (Volume 3) presents the paleobotanical and osteological data. Included are analyses of the pollen (Chapter 18), flotation (Chapter 19), faunal (Chapter 20), and mortuary (Chapter 21) assemblages. Data from the subsistence analyses are combined and synthesized in Chapter 22. Volume 1 of Anthropological Papers No. 14 presents the analyses of the chipped stone, ground stone, jewelry and personal ornament, and shell assemblages. The ceramic artifact assemblage is examined in Volume 2 More spedfic information on the individual sites and the project background can be found in Anthropological Papers No. 13. Anthropological Papers No. 15 integrates and synthesizes these data to provide a more inclusive view of the prehistoric occupation of the RCD project area and the Tonto Basin.

Cite this Record

The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses. Mark D. Elson, Jeffrey J. Clark. Anthropological Papers ,14, Volume 3. Tucson, AZ: Center for Desert Archaeology. 1995 ( tDAR id: 405613) ; doi:10.6067/XCV8R21382

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Keywords

Culture
Ancestral Puebloan • Hohokam • Salado

Material
Abies concolor • Abies sp. • Acacia • Acacia sp. • Acacua greggii • Accipitrid • Accipitridae • Agave • Agave sp. • Agrostis sp. • Alder • Algal Spore • Alnus sp. • Amaranth • Amaranthus sp. • Ammospermophilus harrisii • Ammospermophilus sp. • Amphibia • Amphibian • Anacardiaceae • Apiaceae • Aquatic Snail • Ara sp. • Arctostaphylos sp. • Arizona Poppy • Arrowweed • Artemisia sp. • Artiodactyl • Artiodactyla • Ash • Astragalus sp. • Atriplex sp. • Aves • Baccharis sp. • Banana Yucca • Beaver • Bentgrass • Bighorn Sheep • Bird • Black-on-Whiteware • Black-tailed Jackrabbit • Bobcat • Boerhaavia sp. • Bone • Bonytail Chub • Bos taurus • Botta's Pocket Gopher • Bouleloua sp. • Bromegrass • Bromus sp. • Bubo virginianus • Buffware • Bufo alvarius • Bufo cognatus • Bursage • Buteo jamicensis • Callipepla gambelii • Callipepla sp. • Callipepla squamata • Canavalia ensiformis • Canavalia sp. • Canis familiaris • Canis latrans • Canis lupus • Canis sp. • Canotia holacantha • Canotia sp. • Carnegiea gigantea • Carnivora • Carnivore • Carrot • Caryophyllaceae • Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware • Cashew • Castor canadensis • Catclaw Acacia • Catostomidae • Catostomus clarki • Catostomus insignis • Catostomus sp. • Cattail • Celtis reticulata • Celtis sp. • Century Plant • Ceramic • Cercidium sp. • Cereus gigantea • Cereus sp. • Chamaesyce sp. • Chara sp. • Cheno-Am • Chenopod • Chenopodium sp. • Chia • Chilopsis linearis • Chipped Stone • Cholla • Cibola Black-on-Whiteware • Clammy Weed • Collared Lizard • Colorado River Toad • Colorado Squawfish • Colubrid • Colubridae • Columbidae • Columbiformes • Common Bean • Common Reed • Condalia sp. • Corn • Cotton • Cotton Rat • Cottonttail • Cottonwood • Cow • Coyote • Creosote • Creosotebush • Crotalus sp. • Crotaphytus collaris • Cruciferae • Crucifixion Thorn • Cuculidae • Cuculiformes • Cucurbita pepo • Cucurbita sp. • Cylindropuntia • Cyperaceae • Cyprinidae • Dandelion • Deer • Descurainia sp. • Desert Broom • Desert Cottontail • Desert-Mountain Sucker • Desert Tortoise • Desert Willow • Dipodomys sp. • Dog • Domestic Dog • Douglas Fir • Dove • Dropseed Grass • Eagle • Echinocactus sp. • Elymus sp. • Ephedra sp. • Eragrostis sp. • Eriogonum sp. • Erodium sp. • Euphorbia sp. • Evening Primrose • Fabaceae • False Purslane • Fauna • Felis rufus • Filaree • Fir • Fish • Fishhook Cactus • Fraximus pennsylvanica • Fraximus velutina • Frazinus sp. • Galliformes • Gallinaceous Bird • Gambel's Quail • Garrya wrightii • Gastrocopta pellucida • Geococcyx californianus • Gila Butte Red-on-Buffware • Gila Coarse-Scaled Sucker • Gila elegans • Gilia sp. • Globe Mallow • Goosefoot • Gopher Snake • Gopherus agassizi • Gossypium hirsutum • Gossypium sp. • Grain • Grama Grass • Gramineae • Grass • Gray Fox • Gray Wolf • Great Horned Owl • Great Plains Toad • Grebe • Greythorn • Groundcherry • Ground Squirrel • Hackberry • Harris Antelope Squirrel • Hawaiia miniscula • Hawk • Hedgehog Cactus • Helisoma tenue • Heron Bill • High Spine Compositae • Hoffmanseggia sp. • Hog Potato • Hordeum pusillum • Horned Lizard • Human Remains • Indian Buckwheat • Indian Wheat • Inkweed • Jack Bean • Jojoba • Juglans major • Juniper • Juniperus sp. • Kallstroemia sp. • Kangaroo Rat • Kinosternon sonoriense • Knotweed • Lagomorph • Lagomorpha • Land Snail • Larrea divaricata • Larrea sp. • Larrea tridentata • Legume • Leguminosae • Lepus californicus • Liguliflorae • Liliaceae • Lily • Little Barley • Lizard • Locoweed • Lovegrass • Low Spine Compositae • Lutra canadensis • Macaw • Macrobotanical • Maize • Mallow • Malvaceae • Mammalaria sp. • Manzanita • Maygrass • Mesquite • Mimidae • Minnow • Mormon Tea • Mourning Dove • Muhlenbergia sp. • Muskrat • Mustard • Neotoma albigula • Neotoma sp. • Oak • Odocoileus sp. • Odocoileus virginianus • Onagraceae • Ondatra zibethicus • Opuntia sp. • Osteichthyes • Ostracoda • Ostracode • Pollen • Shell • Wood Show More

Site Name
AZ V:5:1 (ASM) • AZ V:5:100 (ASM) • AZ V:5:101 (ASM) • AZ V:5:103 (ASM) • AZ V:5:104 (ASM) • AZ V:5:105 (ASM) • AZ V:5:106 (ASM) • AZ V:5:107 (ASM) • AZ V:5:110 (ASM) • AZ V:5:122 (ASM) • AZ V:5:123 (ASM) • AZ V:5:131 (ASM) • AZ V:5:176 (ASM) • AZ V:5:177 (ASM) • AZ V:5:178 (ASM) • AZ V:5:189 (ASM) • AZ V:5:4 (ASM) • AZ V:5:90 (ASM) • AZ V:5:91 (ASM) • AZ V:5:92 (ASM) • AZ V:5:93 (ASM) • AZ V:5:94 (ASM) • AZ V:5:95 (ASM) • AZ V:5:96 (ASM) • AZ V:5:97 (ASM) • AZ V:5:98 (ASM) • AZ V:5:99 (ASM) • Eagle Ridge • Griffin Wash • Hedge Apple • Meddler Point • Procupine • Pyramid Point Show More

Site Type
Adult Cremation • Agricultural or Herding • Cemetery • Compound • Cremation • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Domestic Structures • Farmstead • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Hamlet • Hamlet / Village • Infant Cremation • Inhumation • Masonry Compound • Masonry Pueblo • Masonry Room • Platform Mound • Pueblo • Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features • Room • Room Block • Room Block / Compound / Pueblo • Settlements • Subadult Cremation

Investigation Types
Data Recovery / Excavation

General
Anterior Tooth (Human) • Anterior Tooth Root (Human) • Antler Flaker • Auditory Meatus (Human) • Awl • Axis (Human) • Bean • Bone (Animal) • Bone (Human) • Bone Awl • Bone Gaming Piece • Bone Hairpin • Bone Needle • Bone Rasp • Bone Ring • Bone Tube • Bone Whistle • Bowl • Branch • Branch (Mesquite) • Branch (Prosopis velutina) • Bud (Cholla) • Bud (Opuntia sp.) • Canine (Human) • Carpal (Human) • Censer • Ceramic Bowl • Ceramic Censer • Ceramic Jar • Ceramic Pitcher • Cervical Vertebra (Human) • Charcoal • Clavicle (Human) • Corrugated Ware • Cupule • Cupule (Maize) • Cupule (Zea mays) • Deciduous Molar (Human) • Deciduous Tooth (Human) • Epidermis (Agave) • Epidermis (Agave sp.) • Epiphysis (Human) • Feces • Femur (Human) • Fiber • Fiber (Agave) • Fiber (Agave sp.) • Figurine • Flotation Sample • Gaming Piece • Hairpin • Heart (Agave) • Heart (Agave sp.) • Humerus (Human) • Incisor (Human) • Innominate (Human) • Insect Part • Jar • Jewelry • Kernel • Kernel (Maize) • Kernel (Zea mays) • Leaf • Leaf (Agave) • Leaf (Agave sp.) • Long Bone (Human) • Lower Incisor (Human) • Lower Third Molar (Human) • Lumbar (Human) • Lunate (Human) • Mandible (Human) • Mastoid (Human) • McDonald Corrugated Ware • Metatarsal (Human) • Molar (Human) • Molar Root (Human) • Needle • Occipital (Human) • Palette • Pellet • Phalange (Human) • Pitcher • Pod • Pod (Mesquite) • Pod (Prosopis velutina) • Posterior Tooth Crown (Human) • Premolar (Human) • Projectile Point • Radius (Human) • Rasp • Rat Pellet • RCD • Rib (Human) • Rind • Rind (Cucurbita sp.) • Rind (Squash) • Ring • Roosevelt Community Development Study • Root • Root (Mesquite) • Root (Prosopis velutina) • Sacral Body (Human) • Scapula (Human) • Seed • Seed (Banana Yucca) • Seed (Cholla) • Seed (Cucurbita pepo) • Seed (Mesquite) • Seed (Opuntia sp.) • Seed (Prosopis velutina) • Seed (Squash) • Seed (Yuccca baccata) • Shank • Shank (Maize) • Shank (Zea mays) • Shell • Shell (Juglans major) • Shell (Walnut) • Shell Jewelry • Skull (Human) • Spine • Spine (Agave) • Spine (Agave sp.) • Stalk • Stalk (Agave) • Stalk (Agave sp.) • Stalk (Maize) • Stalk (Zea mays) • Stem • Stem (Grass) • Stem (Poaceae) • Stone Bowl • Stone Censer • Stone Jewelry • Talus (Human) • Tarsal (Human) • Temporal (Human) • Termite Feces • Third Molar (Human) • Third Molar Root (Human) • Thoracic Vertebra (Human) • Thorn • Thorn (Agave) • Thorn (Agave sp.) • Tibia (Human) • Tooth (Human) • Tooth Crown (Human) • Tooth Root (Human) • Tube • Turtle Shell Artifact • Ulna (Human) • Upper Second Incisor (Human) • Upper Vertebra (Human) • Vertebra (Human) • Vessel • Whistle • Worked antler • Worked Bone • Worked Long Bone Show More

Geographic Keywords
Arizona (State / Territory) • Lower Tonto Basin • Roosevelt Lake • Salt River • Tonto Basin • Tonto National Forest

Temporal Keywords
Ash Creek Phase • Classic Period • Colonial Period • Early Ceramic • Early Classic Period • Gila Butte Phase • Miami Phase • Prehistoric • Roosevelt Phase • Sacaton Phase • Santa Cruz Phase • Sedentary Period

Spatial Coverage

min long: -111.015; min lat: 33.625 ; max long: -110.949; max lat: 33.673 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Contributor(s): Suzanne K. Fish; Dana Hartman; Steven R. James; Charles Miksicek; Penny Dufoe Mintum; Deborah L. Swartz; Gerald Dawavendewa; Tom Lincoln; Teresa Hoffman; Kathy Pedrick; Jon Czaplicki; Scott Wood; Ben Nelson; Bill Doelle; Dave Gregory; James Heidke; Miriam Stark; Henry Wallace; Jeff Shipman; Helga Teiwes; Ron Beckwith; Jim Holmlund; Trish Castalia; Chip Colwell; Dylan Cooper; Lisa Eppley; Jean Kramer; Sara Lely; Debbie Swartz; Chip Warren; Michael Wiley; Donna Breckenridge; Elizabeth Black; Jerry Fallenberg; Catherine Gilman; Irina Hayes; Kathleen Maher; Linda Pearl

Landowner(s): U. S Forest Service

Sponsor(s): U. S. Bureau of Reclamation

Permitting Agency(s): Tonto National Forest

Repository(s): Center for Archaeology and Society, Arizona State University

Submitted To(s): Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona Projects Office

Record Identifiers

Contract No.(s): 1-CS-32-01220

Notes

Redaction Note: In the public version of the report: Figure P.2 has been redacted due to the level of detail it contains about site locations. Detailed site features in Figure P.4 have been retained, but geographical information has been redacted.

File Information

  Name Size Creation Date Date Uploaded Access
CCRS-1996-004-Roos-Comm-Dev-Study-No-14-Volume-3-Paleobotanica... 13.57mb Jul 27, 2017 1:49:19 PM Confidential
This file is unredacted.
CCRS-1996-004-Roos-Comm-Dev-Study-No-14-Volume-3-Paleobotanica... 16.98mb Jul 27, 2017 1:49:19 PM Public
In the public version of the report: Figure P.2 has been redacted due to the level of detail it contains about site locations. Detailed site features in Figure P.4 have been retained, but geographical information has been redacted.

Accessing Restricted Files

At least one of the files for this resource is restricted from public view. For more information regarding access to these files, please reference the contact information below

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

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