PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three fiber samples recovered from a shipwreck site designated 0003BUI and believed to be Blackbeard's flagship, Queen Anne's Revenge were examined microscopically to determine what they represent.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Elizabeth Hickey. Kathryn Puseman.

Seven soil samples were collected from features at the Palisades Site (AZ C:13:0099) for flotation and macrofloral analysis. This site is located along the Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The site is believed to exhibit two components. The earlier component is represented by a shallow thermal feature (Feature 13) and associated strata. Charcoal recovered during macrofloral analysis of the fill from Feature 13 was processed for AMS radiocarbon dating and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Forty-eight samples were floated to recover the macrofloral remains in conjunction with archaeological mitigation at six sites near Low Mountain in northeastern Arizona. Macrofloral analysis was undertaken in an effort to provide a study of the vegetal portion of the subsistence base. Macrofloral samples were taken primarily in hearths, both extramural and within structures; as well as from bins; possible storage features; other pits; and room floors. Macrofloral data concerning...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry.

Two pre-floated soil samples from CA-SHA-47 were sent for macrobotanic identification. The samples were recovered from a subsurface cobble layer identified as Feature 1. This feature was unique at the site and contained a variety of artifacts including ground stones, chipped stone, and fire-broken rocks and cobbles. The prehistoric activities associated with the site are unknown; although use as an aboriginal salmon drying area has been postulated (Lisa Shapiro, personal communication,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Elizabeth Hickey.

Samples were examined from twelve sites (FB 9317, FB 9324, FB 9326, FB 9330, FB 9331, FB 9334, FB 9339, FB 9385, FB 9389, FB 9390, FB 9392, FB 9393) located on Fort Bliss in El Paso County, Texas. Twenty-two samples representing feature fill and ceramic sherds were examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR analysis will examine the sediments and sherds for evidence of proteins, lipids, and/or carbohydrates and matches with plant and animal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Elizabeth Hickey. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples were examined from ten sites (41EP0998, 41EP1023, 41EP1251,41EP2471, 41EP2705, 41EP5665, 41EP5823, 41EP5826, 41EP5831, 41EP5860) located on Fort Bliss in El Paso County, Texas. Twenty-four samples were submitted for charcoal identification. Charcoal from 19 of these samples were chosen for AMS radiocarbon dating. Sediment from five areas of carbon staining at four of the sites was floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. Four pieces of fire-cracked rock and one ceramic sherd...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

A stone pipe stem recovered from the Hurdy Gurdy Bridge Site (CA-DNO-1028) in Del Norte County, northwestern California, was examined for pollen, phytolith, and starch evidence of use. In addition, the organic residue signature was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An AMS radiocarbon date was obtained on organic compounds (humates) that had penetrated the ceramic matrix of the pipe.

DOCUMENT Full-Text David V. Hill. Linda Scott Cummings.

A sample residue from a smoking pipe derived from the base of a shell mound was examined through FTIR (Fourier-Transform-Infrared) spectroscopy. The analysis of the sample was undertaken to identify the material being smoked in the pipe.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Kathryn Puseman.

Three pollen and seventeen charcoal samples from the Folsom Site (29CX1) in northeastern New Mexico were sent for identification and analysis. The pollen samples represent sediments above and below the bison bone bed, as well as associated with a bison cranium. The charcoal samples were recovered from the bone bed, a hearth, arroyo fill, and gravels. Botanic components and detrital charcoal were identified, and potentially radiocarbon datable material was separated. Identification of charcoal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twenty-three pollen and 42 bulk soil samples were collected in conjunction with the Navajo-Hopi Land Exchange Archaeological Project in the extreme southeastern portion of Dona Ana County, New Mexico. This project is located within the geographic area known as the Mesilla Bolson, a relatively flat plain west of the Rio Grande, referred to as the West Mesa. This plain terminates in a jagged scarp bordering the river plain. Areas of both low and high artifact density were recovered. Features...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Bulk soil samples were sent from 14MT138 for pollen and macrofloral analysis. The samples were recovered during a site reconnaissance along the North Fork of the Cimarron River on the Cimarron National Grassland in Morton County, Kansas. The samples were excavated from an amorphous organic stain, identified as Feature 1. The feature contained a variety of cultural materials including flecks of charcoal, bone fragments, and chipped stone artifacts. One burial, containing fragmentary human...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

Two samples of sediment were examined for pollen and phytolith remains from the Sentinel Gap (45KT1362) in Kittitas County, south-central Washington. A third sample composed of a sample of seeds recovered from the site were also examined for identification. The site is located along the eastern portion of the Columbia Basin, along the Columbia River. Radiocarbon dates from the site place the occupation at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of approximately 10,200 BP. Pollen and phytolith...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Site 5MTUMR 2837 is a PII to PIlI transition site in Mancos Canyon located approximately 4 miles southwest of the confluence of Mancos and Johnson Canyon. The site lies approximately 130 meters north of the Mancos River. Six features were sampled within the site, all associated with occupation levels. It was hoped that analysis of these samples would provide data concerning the function of the rooms sampled and environmental data for comparison with other sites which have been sampled in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Colorado State University, under contract to the Bureau of Land Management, undertook a testing and evaluation program in Moffat County which included sites 5MF480 and 5MF607. As a part of this testing program, soil samples were taken from these sites to be analyzed for their pollen content in an attempt to provide information concerning the past environment and native diet.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Soil samples from the Skull Creek study area were submitted for pollen analysis as part of an interdisciplinary, multi-use study of this unique geological area in northwestern Colorado, adjacent to Dinosaur National Monument. The pollen samples were taken in conjunction with an archaeological study and were submitted for analysis by the Craig District Office under contract number CO 010-PH6-1098. This study was designed and conducted as a preliminary feasibility study for pollen analysis of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twelve pollen samples were examined from the 2007 excavation season at Huaca Prieta, located on the north coast of Peru. Six of the pollen samples were recovered from geological contexts and were examined to provide a record of the local vegetation through time. The other six pollen samples were recovered from excavated contexts. The 2008 excavation season yielded another ten pollen samples for analysis. These samples represent a Trinchera, NS Bird Este, and Unidad 9. Like the samples from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

The floated light fractions from the fill of carbon stains and unknown structures at sites 41EP1026, 41EP1623, 41EP1633, and 41EP1720 were submitted identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. In addition, a projectile point fragment was examined for protein residues and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These sites are located on Fort Bliss Military Reservation in El Paso County, Texas, and represent small, open air camps believed to date to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Residue from a Casas Grandes basket recovered from a cave in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Chihuahua, Mexico was examined to determine its content. The residue was carefully picked from between coils of the basket for microscopic identification. This residue was examined with the aid of a stereoscope and microscope prior to chemical processing, then processed to recover any pollen and/or phytoliths that were contained within the residue. The object of this examination was to determine the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The residue recovered from the bottom of an Anasazi black-on-white bowl found in Burial 4 of Group 4 in the Bob Shields Ruins near Goodman School in Montezuma County, Colorado by Cliff Chappell in April of 1961 was examined for pollen and fibers. This bowl had been exposed to the air for many years. Pollen and fiber analysis of the residue in the bottom of this vessel was designed to identify the composition of the residue.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

During field excavations in February 2016, numerous stratigraphic sediment samples were collected. Three of these were selected for AMS radiocarbon analysis to include dates on both shell and organics in the form of humates (soil organic matter or SOM) or charcoal, if any could be recovered. Sufficient quantities of sediments were collected from each location to allow pollen and/or phytolith analysis, either as part of the first batch of samples examined or for examination at a later date. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Several stratigraphic columns were sampled in the cut bank at Rio del Oso to recover pollen and phytoliths that will provide a signal of regional and local vegetation through time. This vegetation is expected to be a reflection of both natural and cultural events. Radiocarbon ages are available for many levels, providing tight dating for the stratigraphic columns. The pollen record was examined to provide evidence of changes in both regional and local vegetation, while the phytolith record was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Previous pollen and macrofloral examination of samples from the Sanchez Copper Data Recovery Project yielded evidence of Gossypium and Zea mays pollen in several of the archaeological features. Because modern cotton is cultivated in this area, it was deemed important to understand the distribution of cotton pollen in this area more fully. Therefore, a series of modern surface samples were examined for pollen to establish the distance that Gossypium pollen are expected to be transported in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A total of 50 botanical specimens from archaeological excavations at Trinidad Lake, Colorado, were identified. Six of these samples consist of corn cob fragments that were measured, while the remaining samples represent a mixture of seeds and charcoal. Macrofloral analysis was undertaken as part of a thesis project with the hope of identifying possible native and cultivated resources utilized by the site occupants and possibly to determine the past method used to recover these samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twelve pollen samples were examined from Huaca Prieta, located on the north coast of Peru. Six of the pollen samples were recovered from geological contexts and were examined to provide a record of the local vegetation through time. The other six pollen samples were recovered from excavated contexts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two samples from Block 37 in the town of Skagway, Alaska, were examined for pollen, parasite eggs, and phytoliths. These samples represent the fill of Feature 4B, a probable wooden drainage feature, and Stratum 4 of unknown origin. Evaluation of these samples for pollen and phytoliths was expected to reveal the presence of discarded food remains and local vegetation. A search for parasite eggs was undertaken because one of these proveniences was thought to represent a privy when the samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5LR1062 appears to be an elevated vantage point in Larimer County, northern Colorado. A large number of lithic pieces suggest that much tool making also took place at the site. Wood and charcoal sanples were identified to determine wood types utilized by the occupants of the site. A dark-stained soil sample was analyzed to determine if the dark color was due to minerals, humus, or charcoal. Lithic pieces with a dark residue adhering to them also were examined to ascertain whether the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Donna Roper.

Our goals in this limited trial were several: 1) to evaluate the feasibility of using FTIR to identify Central Plains tradition food preparation practices 2) to determine if it is possible to differentiate uses of Central Plains tradition jars 3) to make a preliminary determination of what those uses were and what food items might have been combined as recipes for meals 4) to get a preliminary answer to the burning question of how the seed bowls were used Identifying individual ingredients...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Donna Roper.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): -FTIR studies how molecules absorb infrared radiation, between 4000-400 wavenumbers -Reveals the structure of specific organic molecules -Has been experiencing a renaissance for identifying organic substances -Currently considered one of the more powerful tools in organic and analytical chemistry -Used in forensic science -Two regions of the spectrum: functional group (4000-1500) and fingerprint region (1500-400) -Matching in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

Deposits within the Eagle Point Site (5RB4662), a rockshelter located along Piceance Creek in northwest Colorado, were sampled stratigraphically at close intervals for the purpose of building a detailed paleoenvironmental pollen record for this portion of Colorado. Although the sampling model called for sampling at approximately 2 cm intervals, the intervals collected varied because some levels were obviously unconsolidated and represented a single depositional, non-cultural event. In this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Archaeobotanic analyses were conducted on samples from deposits at the Eagle Point Site (5RB4662), a rockshelter/overhang located along Piceance Creek in northwest Colorado. This shelter experienced multiple occupations, with radiocarbon ages ranging from 2510 to 1010 BP. The roof/overhang has collapsed; therefore, cultural deposits are exposed and eroding away. Two stratigraphic columns were sampled at close intervals during both the 2004 and 2005 excavations for the purpose of building a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

An Archaic hearth was examined archaeologically at the Lindenmeier Site. Soil sanples were collected from this hearth to be studied for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Control sanples from the modern surface were also examined for pollen and phytoliths. The object of these archaeobotanic studies was to characterize local vegetation at the time of the Archaic occupation and compare that to the present vegetation, as well as to identify any plants that were processed in this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Archaeobotanical remains from four sites in the floodplain of the Ohio River were examined and identified to characterize vegetation at the time of occupation, as well as to identify elements of the local subsistence base. Sites 33CT396 , 33CT397, arrl 33CT477 form a line approximately parallel to the present Ohio River, while site 33CT476 is the only one to lie back from the river, being located approximately in the middle of the bottom an next to 33CT477. Bluffs rise steeply to the east...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Samples from midden and privy features at two loci from 5LA2175 in southeast Colorado were examined for pollen, parasites, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Locus K consists of a group of 10-12 domestic structures that appear to have been occupied from approximately 1895 to 1914, prior to the Colorado Coal Field War Strike and Ludlow Massacre in 1913-1914. Locus 8 was a domestic occupation area constructed after the strike and was occupied from about 1915 to 1931. Pollen, parasite,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Development of macrophysical climate models was instrumental in creating archaeoclimatic models of past climates for specific locations (Bryson 1998). Modeled mean temperature and precipitation "by month for each two centuries back to 14,000 years BP" (Bryson and Bryson n.d.:1) can be created. In addition, these parameters may be used to generate a "water budget", comparing precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, wind speed and direction, storm intensity and frequency, snowfall, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Sanjay Eksambekar.

Five combination pollen and phytolith samples were examined from depths between 97 and 149 cmbud at site 23LE327, situated on an alluvial/colluvial fan along the Mississippi River. Samples were collected from a cultural zone at the site that probably represents occupation no older than approximately 4,500 BP. This preliminary analysis was undertaken to assess whether or not pollen and phytoliths were preserved in sufficient quantity and quality to recommend full stratigraphic analysis for the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter.

Sites 3CT340 and 3CT341 are part of a large site complex located in eastern Arkansas' Crittenden County. The Late Woodland/Emergent Mississippian prehistoric village sites are located in the southern portion of the project area. Although neither of the sites had large lithic assemblages, several cultural features were identified, including burials at both sites and a cremation pit at site 3CT341. Thirteen pollen samples, ten of which also were examined for parasites, were examined to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Specific, pertinent information can be generated through a combination of archaeoclimatic modeling and examination of close-interval stratigraphic pollen samples. Although large trends, such as increased warmth and potential evapotranspiration, can be postulated for large areas during the middle Holocene and fluctuating conditions can be postulated for the past four thousand years, paleoenvironmental information for a specific location is more appropriately available through a combination...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Development of macrophysical climate models was instrumental in creating archaeoclimatic models of past climates for specific locations (Bryson, 1998). Modeled mean temperature and precipitation "by month for each two centuries back to 14,000 years BP" (Bryson, n.d.:1) can be created. In addition, these parameters may be used to generate a "water budget", comparing precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, storm intensity and frequency, snowfall, and other climatic factors....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Argosy Project is located in Dearborn County, southeastern Indiana. It is situated within the Dearborn Upland physiographic unit, which is part of the Muscatatuck Plateau. The Argosy Project lies approximately 2 km downstream from the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami Rivers.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Specific, pertinent information can be generated through a combination of archaeoclimatic modeling and examination of close-interval stratigraphic pollen samples. Although large trends, such as increased warmth and potential evapotranspiration, can be postulated for large areas during the middle Holocene and fluctuating conditions can be postulated for the past four thousand years, paleoenvironmental information for a specific location is more appropriately available through a combination...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Pollen analysis was undertaken at 48SW1242, 4b, in connection with archaeological mitigation. This site is located at an elevation of 6450 ft in the Shute Creek Drainage Basin at the extreme western edge of Sweetwater County. Three components were recorded at the site. The later two components range in age from 1550 to 2170 B.P. Two stratigraphic columns, which combine to represent the entire period of occupation, were sampled for pollen to assess the paleoenvironment. In addition, samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Harrower site (48SU867) is located along both sides of Dry Piney Creek in the Overthrust Belt of Sublette County, southwestern Wyoming. This multicomponent site exhibits cultural material dating between 13,620 B.P. and 280 B.P. Pollen samples from a stratigraphic column were collected and analyzed at 5 cm intervals and represent the paleoenvironment from approximately 12,000 B.P. to 9000 B.P., and 3300 B.P. to the present. In addition, a single sample from the moss underlying this column...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two containers of honey were submitted to PaleoResearch Institute for testing after a dispute between the owner of Lavender Skies and the beekeeper retained to pollinate the field. The assessment of these two jars of honey was for the purpose of verifying the presence of lavender pollen in the honey contained in each of these jars.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Five samples from the Warm Springs Valley fault system were submitted for carbon recovery prior to AMS radiocarbon dating. All possible methods for recovery were used.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney. Akos Peto.

Sediment samples, collected from stratigraphic columns from three sites (23Ck57, 23Ck302, and 23Le174), were examined for pollen and phytoliths to provide information concerning the paleoenvironment along the Avenue of the Saints corridor in northeastern Missouri. The time periods represented by these stratigraphic samples include the Late Pleistocene at the base of 23Ck57, the Middle Holocene (6300-5500 BP) at 23Le174, and approximately 3510-2550 BP at 23Ck302. The samples 23Ck57 and 23Le174...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A flake tool from Dusty Shelter, Site 24RB1069, Montana, was analyzed for possible blood proteins. Immunological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact task specificity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Seven artifacts from Akrotiri Aetokremnos, Cyprus, were submitted for blood residue analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

A positive reaction to Guinea-pig anti-serum was found on the Cottonwood point recovered from the floor of the vent shaft in the square pithouse. Within the order Rodentia this anti-serum will elicit a strong positive reaction to porcupine Erethizodontidae family) and weaker reactions to beaver (Castoridae family) and squirrel (Sciuridae family). A positive reaction to cat anti-serum was found on the Great Basin Stemmed point from the Fish Lake survey. This could represent any member of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Forty-five lithic artifacts from an Archaic site were submitted for blood residue analysis by cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). These artifacts exhibited positive reactions to mouse, rat, deer, guinea pig, chicken, trout, rabbit, human, dog, bovine, and fern. Some artifacts exhibited positive results to more than one protein antiserum. The identification of more than one species on an artifact is not uncommon and suggests that these may have had multiple uses (i.e., expediency tools)....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two biface fragments from Site 10CA630 in southern Idaho were analyzed for possible blood residues. Immunological studies have shown that blood residues on a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact specificity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Three projectile points and a biface from Site 41BW422 in northeast Texas were examined for possible blood residues. Immunological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to provide information concerning prehistoric subsistence and possible site function.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Artifacts from various strata within Site 423-124, McKinley County, New Mexico, were analyzed for possible blood residues. These artifacts were recovered from the bench, floor, and interior features of a McElmo Phase Kiva and were mixed with the dismembered remains of approximately fifteen individuals (Richard Sullivan, personal communication, February 26, 1992). Blood residue analysis of these artifacts is used to determine if these tools were used in the dismemberment process, as well as...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Numerous artifacts from several sites in the Mule Canyon Project area of northern Nevada were analyzed for possible blood proteins. In addition, soil samples from site surfaces were tested to provide controls for the artifacts. Imnunological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact specificity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Blood residue analysis of artifacts determines positive results for human, guinea-pig, chicken, cat, turkey, and rabbit.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Recent studies or protein residues on archaeological stone tools have demonstrated that not only fo such proteins survive for long periods of time, but that identification is possible. Through the use of immunological and bio-chemical analyses, residues which adhered to a tool's surface during it's original use, can be identified to at least the family level. Such information can provide a greater knowledge of prehistoric subsistence and possibly identify artifacts used for specific tasks.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Recent studies have demonstrated that lithic and ceramic artifacts often retain traces of organic residue resulting from their original use (Briuer 1976; Broderick 1979; Downs 1985; Fredericksen 1988; Hyland et al.a 1990; Newman 1990; Newman and Julig 1989; Shafer and Holloway 1979)- Through the use of immunological and biochemical techniques the species of origin can be identified to at least the family level. This information can be used in the reconstruction of prehistoric subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

Positive results of CIEP analysis are shown in Table 3 and discussed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Extracts from three artifacts were submitted for analysis (Table 1). At this time facilities for lyophilizing and concentrating extracts are not available and analysis was carried on the amounts sent.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Prehistoric projectile points from the State House III project in Trenton, New Jersey, were analyzed for possible blood residues. Inununological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact specificity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Recent studies have demonstrated that lithic and ceramic artifacts often retain traces of organic residue resulting from their original use (Briuer 1976; Broderick 1979; Downs 1985; Fredericksen 1988; Hyland &£. ai. 1990; Newman 1990; Newman and Julig 1989; Shafer and Holloway 1979). Through the use of immunological and biochemical techniques the species of origin can be identified to at least the family level. This information can be used in the reconstruction of prehistoric subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Extracts from three metates from site Ca-0ra-949 were received for analysis together with dirt from the surface of the artifacts and three samples of control soils. All three extracts had leaked into the plastic bags.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two stone points from Site 42SV662 inUtah were analyzed for possible blood residues. Immunological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Blood residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible artifact task specificity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-eight artifacts from Site 41CS151 in northeastern Texas were analyzed for possible blood residues. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. In addition, a soil sample from a culturally darkened area (an apparent anthrosol) and a control sample from the modern A horizon of a column were examined for the presence of phytoliths. A groundstone fragment was washed to recover pollen from the grinding...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A bison bone fragment recovered from an alluvial terrace at the Casper Site (WT-1) in San Antonio, Texas was submitted for AMS radiocarbon analysis. The bone is expected to date in the latter part of the Little Ice Age. In addition to radiometric dating, the bone was examined for its δ13C and δ15N ratios.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Soyo 1 Site in Soyo is situated in the Darkhad Depression in Khövsgöl province, north-central Mongolia. One mammalian bone fragment from Soyo 1 (Table 1) was submitted for bone collagen extraction and AMS radiocarbon age determination to contribute to transitional chronologies between Mongolian Epi-Paleolithic (Neolithic) hunting-gathering and Bronze Age pastoralism.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two sets of mule deer teeth, recovered from CA-TEH-193 and expected to date to the Little Ice Age, were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Three sediment-charcoal samples were examined to recover organic fragments suitable for AMS radiocarbon analysis. These samples were recovered as part of a geologic-mapping project in the North Delta quadrangle in western Colorado. Botanic components and detrital charcoal were identified, and potentially radiocarbon datable material was separated. Radiocarbon dates will be used to constrain the ages of the mapped alluvial-fan deposits.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

One wood sample from the floor timber of the Susan Turner cabin, Gist Settlement, Highland County, Ohio was identified and submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

The identifications presented below were made on materials submitted by Dr. Thomas W. Stafford for identification only.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two bulk soil samples from the Dumay section of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault zone in Haiti were floated to recover organic fragments suitable for radiocarbon age determination. These samples were recovered from a buried A horizon in a natural exposure of the fault. Botanic components and detrital charcoal were identified, and potentially radiocarbon datable material was separated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Site 48SW5057 is located in the northern portion of the Great Divide Basin in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. The site is situated on a sand sheet between sandstone outcrop ridge spurs at an approximate elevation of 6800 ft. Pollen samples were collected from this site during archaeological mitigation to examine both the paleoenvironment and subsistence. Two separate stratigraphic columns were sampled at 32 samples were taken from features to examine the subsistence base. Occupation at this site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

One sediment sample from the Shishaldin volcano on the Aleutian Islands (Site 18jrssh024) and four sediment samples from the Makushin volcano on the Eastern Unalaska Island (Site 18mkjrs001), Alaska were submitted for recovery of datable particulate organics and AMS radiocarbon age determination.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

The Topliff Fault is a north-trending fault zone in the Rush Valley of Tooele County, Utah. Geological research along the fault at the Topliff Hill Site aims to better understand prehistoric earthquakes. In association with ongoing research, samples were submitted for bulk sediment analysis and AMS radiocarbon age determination, with the goal of providing a timeline of earthquakes at the fault.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jenna Battillo.

The Ski Lake Site is located in the southern Teton Range, Teton County, Wyoming. Nine charcoal samples and twelve bulk sediment samples excavated from two paleoseismic trenches at this site were submitted for analysis. The goal of these analyses was to isolate and identify charcoal for possible radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jenna Battillo.

Elk Park is located in Jefferson County, Montana, to the southwest of Helena and northeast of Butte. One bulk sediment sample, extracted from a small pond, approximately 60 cm above the Glacier Peak eruption ash, was submitted for flotation and charcoal recovery and analysis aimed toward identifying materials appropriate for AMS dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Bog Lemming Trench is located on the Sadie Creek Fault, approximately 3.25 km northwest of the town of Crescent, Clallam County, Washington. Four bulk soil samples were submitted to recover charred remains suitable for AMS radiocarbon age determination.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

The Warm Springs Valley Fault is a strike-slip fault in the northern Walker Lane, Washoe County, Nevada. In the autumn of 2018, a team from the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) opened a trench across the Warm Springs Valley Fault. The objectives of the UNR geologists is to better understand the timing and recurrences of earthquakes related to the fault. Three sediment samples (Samples WSV_C14#11, WSV_C14#10, and WSV_C14#9) were submitted to PaleoResearch Institute by UNR to recover charcoal for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry.

A large block of bulk sediment from the Big Spring site was submitted for charcoal recovery and identification prior to C-14 dating. The site is located in the San Luis Valley in southern Colorado.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Ten ceramic sherds from sites PHC XZ11 and PHC 0813 in Tula Village at the east end of Tutuila Island, American Samoa, were submitted for organic residue analysis. One of these samples also was examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starch (ceramic residue analysis), and was AMS radiocarbon dated. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Ceramic and organic residue analyses provide information regarding diet, specifically foods contained and/or...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Three ceramic sherds from a Woodland period “black midden” mound at the J.W. Williams II site (34Lf25) in LeFlore County, Oklahoma were submitted for ceramic (pollen, phytolith, starch) and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollen, phytolith, starch, and organic residue analyses provide information regarding diet, specifically plants and/or animals processed using ceramic vessels at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Three Early Woodland ceramic sherds from the Killdeer Site (23CK310) in Clark County, Missouri, were submitted for organic residue analysis. One of the sherds exhibiting visible residue was also examined for pollen, starch, and phytoliths. Sherds were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Six ceramic sherds from the Levee (12D363) and Keller (12D509) sites in Dearborn County, Indiana were submitted for ceramic and organic residue analysis. Organic residues will be examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Ceramic and organic residue (FTIR) analysis will be used to provide information regarding foods and other materials processed and/or contained in the vessels represented by these sherds.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Four ceramic rimsherds from site DlLg 33, a prehistoric riverine trade loci, located in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, were submitted for ceramic and organic residue analysis. In addition, a single biface was examined for protein residue. Ceramics were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Ceramic and organic residue analyses on the ceramics will be used to provide information regarding the foods processed in the vessels and their origins, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Thirteen ceramic sherds, representing a single Late Woodland vessel from site 11PK1791/1792, were submitted for ceramic (pollen, phytolith, starch) and organic residue analysis to determine the contents of the vessel. One sherd was selected as the best candidate for each analysis. Organic residue was examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FITR). Residue removed from the sherds was examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starch, as well as AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single ceramic sherd recovered from the Leaning Rock Site, 41SM325, representing a Caddo household in eastern Smith County, Texas, contained charred residue that was examined for phytolith and/or starch evidence of foods that might have been cooked in the vessel. This plain rim sherd appeared to be part of a large jar.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two Woodland ceramics from site 33WA797 were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and organic residue analysis, as well as AMS dating. The sherds were examined to identify foods being cooked in the vessels represented.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Three ceramic sherds, 29-88-5, 29-88-6, and 29-92-1, were submitted for ceramic analysis. The Promontory Gray sherds, samples 29-88-5 and 29-88-6, were fragments of a Promontory gray globular-shaped jar that would have measured roughly 18 to 20 cm in diameter and roughly 15 cm in height when intact. This vessel was presumed to have been used as a bone grease rendering vessel and dated between A.D. 1450 and 1650. Both sherds (29-88-5 and 29-88-6) were treated as a single sherd sample. The third...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Three ceramic sherds with visible charred residue were submitted for phytolith, starch, and AMS radiocarbon dating analyses. These items were recovered from site 8BY1347, a shell midden site located on the Tyndall Air Force Base near Panama City, Florida. These analyses are used to determine the age of the artifacts and to identify some of the foods that might have been cooked or stored using the vessels represented by these sherds.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A late Middle Woodland ceramic sherd, recovered from a midden, was submitted for phytolith and starch analysis of the residue to identify any remnants of food adhering to the vessel. The cultural level from which this sherd was removed yielded a conventional radiocarbon age of 1810 ± 60 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two ceramic sherds from the Apple Barn Site, 40BT90, were submitted for a variety of analyses, including visual microscope analysis for pollen, starch, and phytoliths, and an infrared signature of contents of the food residue.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 34MC1149 is located on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers fee-owned lands at Pine Creek Lake, 21 km northeast of the town of Fort Towson, Oklahoma. When the site was occupied in the Late Sanders (ca. AD 1200–1300) and McCurtain phases (ca. AD 1300–1700), it was situated on an upland landform overlooking the Little River Valley (Shannon R. Ryan, personal communication, January 21, 2019). R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates (RCG&A) submitted a nearly complete ceramic vessel (Sample 1) to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 33FR1303 is situated near Hamilton Township in Franklin County, Ohio, on a floodplain and terrace overlooking an abandoned Scioto River channel. Two Early Woodland prehistoric ceramic sherds exhibiting interior residue, excavated from a sub plow zone ceramic concentration, were submitted for ceramic residue and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine foods and/or medicines processed in this vessel and inform concerning use of the site in the Early Woodland...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik.

The River Farm site (18AN881) exhibits Early Archaic through Late Woodland components, as well as historic use. It is situated on the eastern bank of the Patuxent River in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Several features were observed, two of which were sampled for analysis. Two ceramic sherds exhibiting charred food crust and two closely associated charred botanic fragments were submitted for AMS radiocarbon analysis. Microscopic analysis of the contents of the charred food crust from both...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Two ceramic sherds from pot busts at site 8PB6, the Boca Raton Inlet Midden 3 site, in southeast Florida were submitted for analysis of residue and radiocarbon dating. Analysis of the residue for pollen, starch, and phytoliths provides an opportunity to record visual, microscopic evidence of food processing. Examination of the residue with Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) to obtain an infra-red spectrum provides information on the presence of lipids and di- and tri-glycerides,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Four ceramic rim sherds and a chitho from the Forks Site (DlLg-33/08A), a prehistoric riverine trade loci, located in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, were submitted for ceramic and organic residue analysis. In addition, a grinder/hammer stone, a biface, and a retouched flake were examined for protein residue. The grinder/hammer stone was also tested for organic residues, as was visible residue from a limestone ochre bowl. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) will be used to verify the residue on the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples represent both prehistoric and historic contexts sampled during archaeological excavations for Package 116. Two groups of stratigraphic samples representing nineteenth-century historic period as well as several prehistoric phases that probably ate from 1200-300 BC were analyzed from Excavation Units 3 and 18 (Figure 7.1). Historic and prehistoric pollen samples were examined from Excavation Unit 19, one of the likely locations for the mater armorer's garden. Examination of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two charcoal samples from Feature 2, Site 5MF2907, were examined to identify the tree/shrub that was used as fuel in this hearth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik.

The Front Entrance Survey, conducted in 2009 on Thomas Jefferson’s Poplar Forest property in Forest, Bedford County, Virginia, detected an area with high concentrations of prehistoric artifacts. Charred nutshell and charcoal fragments collected from Feature E, exposed in Unit ER5700/1, were submitted for identification and subsequent AMS radiocarbon age determination.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik.

Site 1898 consists of a series of small stone tool production areas located approximately 50 meters off the shore of Quonochontaug Pond in Westerly, Washington County, Rhode Island. Six charcoal samples collected at 5 cm intervals from 5 to 35 cmbs were submitted for identification and subsequent AMS radiocarbon age determination. Previous radiocarbon analysis of this site yielded calibrated age range of ~900–1400 BP for the top 25 cmbs and a range of ~4000–7500 BP for the depth of 25–35 cmbs...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik.

Sites 5MT226 and 5MT6341 are situated in the Kinder Morgan Yellow Jacket Dry Gas Loop Pipeline (YJDG Project) project area located approximately 4.3 miles southwest of the town of Yellow Jacket in Montezuma County, southwest Colorado. Various structures, pithouse, and features excavated at these sites reflect different periods ranging between Archaic/Pre-Pueblo II, Pueblo II and Basketmaker III (Hugh Robinson, personal communication October 23, 2015). One charcoal and two charred botanic samples...