PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Site CEEU-4 is bordered by the Cap Rouge and St. Lawrence Rivers to the west, and is approximately 15 kilometers west of Québec City, Canada. The site is a 16th Century settlement know today as Fort Cartier-Roberval. Samples were collected by site CEEU-4 researchers and submitted to PaleoResearch Institute for phytolith analysis. The goal of the analysis was to recover and identify diagnostic phytoliths that could aid in identifying subsistence practices by the site occupants. Phytolith analysis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 16 soil samples from the Coctaca site, located in Jujuy Province, Argentina, were submitted to PaleoResearch for interlab cross-checking of phytolith extraction techniques and analysis. Stratigraphic soil samples from four different types of possible agricultural features were submitted for analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six phytolith samples were selected from three study locations at the Fort Bliss Military Reservation in New Mexico for preliminary testing. The object of this study was to identify the potential for recovering phytoliths from these sediments, identifying the phytoliths present, and interpreting paleovegetation and paleoenvironmental conditions fran the data base. Three profiles were selected for this preliminary test and include Old Ooe Lake Gully site, Booker Hill Gully site, and Ray's...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Sixty-four samples collected from Sanak Peak Lake on Sanak Island using a Livingston piston corer were submitted for extraction of phytoliths and other biogenic silica (Table 1).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A single sediment sample collected from the Topper Site was submitted to recover humates and phytoliths that might be radiocarbon dated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site LA 173717, situated north of Carlsbad, New Mexico, consists of a limited artifact assemblage and two features. Feature 1 is described as a carbon stain, promising a recovery of charred material suitable for AMS radiocarbon age determination. A soil sample collected from this feature was submitted for phytolith and macrofloral analysis, and the charcoal within it was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jammi L. Ladwig.

Two samples were collected from thermal features at site SWCA 25783-1 in Lea County, New Mexico, and analyzed for phytoliths and macrofloral remains. This site is a seasonal camp composed of a low density artifact scatter of lithics and ceramics, as well as several thermal features. Phytolith and macrofloral analyses will provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the site occupants. AMS radiocarbon dating of charcoal recovered from the macrofloral samples will help date the site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill that included carbon-stained sediments from a fire-cracked rock concentration at site LA 121520 in Eddy County, southern New Mexico, was submitted for phytolith and macrofloral analysis. Charcoal recovered from the macrofloral portion of the sample was submitted for AMS radiocarbon age determination. The sample is expected to date to the historic period.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Site LA 175601, located along Salado Draw in Lea County, New Mexico, is a short-term plant processing site believed to have been used to procure plant resources locally. Fill from two thermal features were submitted for phytolith and macrofloral analyses to address questions of resource processing. Charcoal recovered from the macrofloral samples was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. Results from the phytolith and macrofloral analyses, as well as radiocarbon dates, will be applied to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Calculus or impacta contents were examined for three bison teeth still in the skull recovered from the Salmon-Challis National Forest in north-central Idaho. This study was undertaken to identify diet and possibly ecology of the area in which this bison ranged. The bison is of relatively recent age, representing the late Holocene. Phytolith and macrofloral analysis of impacta contents, as well as phytolith analysis of calculus provide a partial record of diet.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Site 35D061 is located along the North Umpqua River in western Oregon. Paired phytolith and macrofloral samples were examined from column sediments through cultural remains and a feature at this site to identify both past vegetation and human use of plants. All samples were wet when collected and air-dried prior to submission for analysis, making pollen analysis for this material impossible due to modern contamination. The primary research question for this area is the identification of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from silt loam sediments and organic deposits at Site MCN-1 were examined for phytoliths and/or macrofloral remains. A piece of wood from a buried log also was identified. Site MCN-1 was found on the Coburg North Loop during construction for the Northwest Pipeline corporation Expansion II Project in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. This site was deeply buried and may be late Pleistocene in age, possibly one of the oldest sites in the Willamette Valley. Phytolith and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Feature fill and fire-crack rock recovered from a historic roasting pit at the Tontozona Tarantula site (AZ 0:12:119) in the Tonto National Forest in Gila County, Arizona were submitted for phytolith and organic residue analysis, respectively. The fire-cracked rock was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Phytolith and organic residue analysis will be used to gain information regarding function of the pit feature.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The Gee Creek project area consists of two sites, 45CL631 and 45CL632, located within the Gee Creek drainage system, a tributary of the Columbia River, in Clark County, Washington. Samples from the two sites were submitted for phytolith and organic residue (FTIR) analysis. These samples are comprised of various stone tools, projectile points, firecracked rock (FCR), and soil samples from thermal feature fill. The goal of the analysis is to better understand the possible function of these...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sediment sample was collected from a layer or context best described as containing organic matter found under a rock in Stajnia Cave. Phytolith analysis was conducted on this sample to identify any evidence that might contribute to understanding the context of this sample. Organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) also was conducted to better understand organic residues that might still be contained within the sediments.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith analysis of four samples collected from four individual trenches in the Maroon Cliffs special management area was undertaken to provide information concerning whether or not these areas were playas in the past. In addition, these analyses were conducted to assess the paleoenvironment in the vicinity of Late Formative prehistoric sites near Carlsbad, New Mexico.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

A total of ten sediment samples were submitted for phytolith analysis from the Sentinel Gap site (45KT1362), located in Kittitas County, south-central Washington. Previously, a preliminary study was conducted by PaleoResearch to test the potential for pollen and phytolith recovery from site 45KT1362 (PRI Technical Report 07-114). The data from the two preliminary phytolith and pollen samples and the ten new phytolith samples were combined and are presented together in this report. Eight of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of nine stratigraphic and nine feature samples were analyzed for their phytolith content near Justiceburg, Texas. Stratigraphic phytolith sampling provided samples from acultural strata for the purpose of interpreting paleoenvironmental conditions. Phytolith analysis in feature samples was to address subsistence activity, and possibly contribute to interpretations of paleoenvironmental conditions that are based primarily on stratigraphic data. Previous phytolith sampling...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Four pit feature fill samples were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis from Block D at the Kolomoki Mounds site (9ER1) located in southwestern Georgia. These features date to approximately A.D. 550 to 750 (Late Woodland). The goal of the analysis is to determine if maize was being utilized by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

Five prehistoric archaeological sites (GaSa-29, GdRr-4, GgRm-1, GiRk-10, and GjRi-4) located throughout the Interior Plateau, Central Canadian Rocky Mountains, and Rocky Mountain Foothills of northern British Columbia, Canada, yielded numerous flaked lithics from various cultural period affiliations. Ten lithic artifacts were submitted by Roy Northern Land and Environmental to PaleoResearch Institute for protein residue analysis. An additional lithic artifact was submitted to PaleoResearch for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Forty tabular stone knives from Sites AZ U:2:73, AZ U:2:80, and AZ U:2:93 in the Lower Verde project area in central Arizona were washed for phytoliths and possible plant proteins. These knives were recovered from floors or roofs in processing areas at village sites and are believed to have been used to process agave. The phytolith washes were examined for the presence of agave raphids, and the protein residue washes were tested against agave antisera to detect prehistoric agave proteins.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Thirteen lithic tools and five groundstone artifacts were submitted for protein residue and phytolith analysis, respectively, from four sites (LA 123288, LA 123289, LA 123291, and LA 123292) on the Rio Grande floodplain near the Sandia Mountains in northern New Mexico. These sites were excavated as part of the proposed I-25 construction. The goal of these analyses is to better understand plant and animal subsistence and utilization at these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five samples were examined fran a boat outline and burial recovered at the Sandcastle Site on Guam for phytoliths. These samples were composed primarily of coral fragments. They were examined to test the possibility of presence and/or preservation phytoliths or other identifiable forms that might identify the wood that the boat was constructed of.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Four stratigraphic column samples from an Amerindian village located on the island of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, were submitted for phytolith analysis. Evidence for the earliest phase of occupation at Moulin à Eau village site dates to c. AD 700 - 800 and the latest phase dates to c. AD 1200. Currently, it is unknown whether there was either a hiatus or continuous occupation of the site until colonial settlement. Christopher Columbus was the first European to reach Guadeloupe in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site CA-SBR-14, a rock shelter situated south of Pilot Knob Valley, is situated at an elevation of 3,500 ft on the South Range east of the Naval Air Weapons Center, China Lake in San Bernardino County, California. Radiocarbon dates of AD 1485–1650 and diagnostic artifacts indicate the site represents a Late Prehistoric occupation during the Rose Spring time period. Located in the ethnographic region of Kawaiisu, the site is culturally affiliated with the Numic. Feature 1 contained three...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

The Maycock’s Point site, 44PG40, is a Middle Woodland occupation site located on the shore of the James River in Virginia. Previous analyses conducted on a sample from the site indicate that the exploitation of mussels was the predominate subsistence activity practiced by occupants of the site, followed by fishing and reptile trapping (Christopher M. Stevenson, personal communication December 7, 2005). In order to determine if fresh water tubers, such as Arrow Arum (Peltandra virginica),...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Five soil samples were submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis from three sites located within the Fort Bliss Military Reservation. All of these samples are associated with possible thermal features that may have been utilized for subsistence related activities. The goal of these analyses was to identify any plant phytolith and starch remains that may have been derived from foods prepared using these features. Phytolith analysis was performed to provide some paleoenvironmental...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR9459 is located along a large, upland ridge in the Washakie Basin of southwestern Wyoming. Soil samples from the bases of five, morphologically similar, basinshaped hearths were submitted for phytolith and starch analysis to determine plants that might have been processed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Located along a creek in Castro Valley, CA-ALA-566 exhibits evidence of prehistoric occupation between approximately 1150 and 1050 BP. It contains extensive fire-affected rock features and associated light artifact density. A single fire-affected rock was selected and submitted for phytolith and starch analysis in an effort to find evidence of food processing involving these features. A chert core tool was examined for starch and a small mortar was washed at Garcia and Associates to recover...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A possible ceramic griddle fragment recovered from a hearth feature was submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis from the Bayou Park site, 8OK989. The site is located in Okaloosa County, Florida, along a salt water bayou. Based on radiocarbon dates, the site appears to be Late Archaic in age. This study was undertaken to better understand some of the plant resources that may have been cooked or processed using this ceramic artifact.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A small sample of tooth tartar (calculus) was submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis. This tartar was removed from the teeth of a 12 year old male by Darrell Thomas, D.D.S., Salt Lake City, Utah. This individual was discovered during an excavation conducted by BYU at the Seaman Mound Site. This site is located in a delta estuary of the Provo River flowing into Utah Lake. The goal of this analysis is to gain a better understanding of some of the foods that this individual had ingested...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Peter Kovacik. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fifteen feature samples, representing mainly basin structure floors, and fourteen control samples collected from various locations, were submitted from site 5MF7046 for phytolith and starch grain analysis. This site is an Archaic-era site located approximately 6 miles south/southeast of the Little Snake River in Moffat County, Colorado. Microbotanical (phytolith and starch) analysis was undertaken to better understand some of the plant resources utilized by the site’s occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A total of 14 sediment samples and feature fill samples were submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis from an Archaic Period campsite located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Samples consisted of controls collected from around the site and from various types of intramural features excavated into room floors. This analysis was undertaken to better understand feature function and some of the plant resources utilized by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Three samples representing two controls and one hearth feature from a basin house (Structure 1) were submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis from site 5MF3012. This site is located in northwestern Colorado along the Yampa River, and has yielded evidence for multiple Archaic Period occupations, as well as a Late Prehistoric component. This microbotanical analysis was undertaken to better understand some of the plant resources utilized by the Archaic Period site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Seven feature fill samples and one soil control sample were submitted from site 5MF3582 for phytolith and starch grain analysis. This site is an Archaic buried prehistoric campsite discovered in 1991 during pipeline survey work. The site is located in northwestern Colorado on a sandy ridge west of Deception Creek in Moffat County, Colorado. Microbotanical analysis was undertaken to better understand some of the plant resources utilized by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Pinto site (48CR10382) is located in the eastern portion of the Washakie Basin in Carbon County, south central Wyoming. Excavations have exposed thermal basins, a housepit feature, and associated artifacts at this multi-occupational hunter-gatherer site. Two components identified at the site produced radiocarbon dates between 4810–5100 BP (Component I) and 5510–5540 BP (Component II) (Susan Murray, personal communication December 3, 2014). Fill from four pit features were submitted for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single ceramic sherd was recovered from Unit 2 at SD1-10,809. This probable Tizon Brownware exhibited a blackened residue of unknown origin on the interior. Phytolith and starch granule analysis was undertaken to identify contents of this residue.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Charred organic residue from a ceramic rim sherd from an Early Woodland habitation site (13WP306) in south central Iowa was examined for phytoliths and starches in an effort to recover evidence of foods cooked in the ceramic vessel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jammi L. Ladwig. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 22 soil samples from various pit contexts were submitted for phytolith and starch analysis with one ceramic fragment submitted for ceramic residue analysis from sites 20OT283 and 20OT3, located in west-central lower Ottawa County, Michigan (Table 1). A total of 9 radiocarbon dates associated with these sites place the timing of the most intensive periods of use in the Late Woodland (Prehistoric) period (Table 2). These sites are thought to represent large resource acquisition,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig.

Three sites (48CR7309, 48SW16996, and 48SW17444) associated with the Overland Pass Pipeline Post Construction Data Recovery project in Carbon and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming, yielded samples that were examined for phytoliths and starch. These sites represent occupations between approximately 6500 and 1000 Cal BP. The 79 samples examined represent primarily sediment collected from features and control locations and provide a record of taphonomic processes, dissolution, environment, and economic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Several steatite and ceramic sherds from site 36PE16 in Pennsylvania were analyzed for residues. Previous testing of the site indicated multiple, stratified occupations dating from Paleoindian to Late Woodland. The steatite and ceramic sherds were washed to recover phytoliths and/or starches that would aid in identifying foods cooked using the vessels.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Rosa Maria Albert.

Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) teeth excavated from the Dent Site (5WL269) in 1932 and 1933 by the Denver Museum of Natural History were examined for phytoliths. All teeth had been "stabilized" with varnish, which was removed prior to recovering tartar that was dissolved to examine the phytolith record. One lower mammoth mandible containing two teeth and two separate mammoth teeth provided the tartar examined.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two grinding stones from northern Chile were washed for phytolith and starch remains. The washes were conducted in Chile and the resulting residue was dried and sent to PaleoResearch Institute for analysis. The goal of the analysis was to identify plant opal phytoliths and starch grains that may be derived from plant material processed with these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig.

Excavations of the Round Mountain Gold Corporation Shoshone Creek Data Recovery Project have exposed a large paleo-channel or levee, a cache of flakes, multiple thermal features, and a possible midden or occupation surface at the site. Samples including a soil sample from a hearth, a fire-altered rock from another hearth, and a ceramic fragment were submitted from Site CrNV-61-8850 for phytolith and starch analysis to better understand economic activities at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Soil from one of three dug pit features at the Armstrong Bay Pit site (21SL1134) was submitted for phytolith and starch grain analysis. The site is located on the south shore of Armstrong Bay at the east end of Lake Vermilion, St. Louis County, Minnesota. No cultural materials were recovered at this site; however, it is suspected that these pits were historic Ojibwe food storage pits (David Radford, personal communication, April, 2012). Phytolith and starch grain analysis of fill from one of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Ann Magennis.

Diet often is reconstructed based on indirect evidence. Tooth tartar traps food particles, preserving a record of food consumed. Dental calculus removed from primary and secondary burials at Kichpanha was examined to identify imbedded phytoliths, starch granules, and debris as indicators of diet. The purpose of this study is to determine whether phytoliths and starch granules are preserved and recoverable from human dental calculus, to establish appropriate methods for this recovery and to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 42DA2026 consists of a few storage features built in a rock fall under a rock shelter above the Green River in Daggett County, Utah. An uncharred corn cob recovered from the wall near the top of Feature 2 was submitted for AMS radiocarbon age determination to ascertain the period of use. Additionally, examination of the morphometric phytolith signature and comparison with other cob signatures was requested for this cob.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Processing only.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Sediment samples from the Beebe Springs site, 45CH216, were submitted for phytolith, starch, macrofloral, and organic reside (FTIR) analysis. This site is located on the west bank of the Columbia River (Lake Entiat Reservoir), in Chelan County, Washington. This site is a multicomponent site with substantial artifact density. Three prehistoric occupation surfaces have been identified. Mt. Mazama sediments provide a lower-limit date of ca. 6,800 years B.P. Analysis of sediment samples associated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from the fill of a hearth at the Under Penny site, located along the North Platte River in south-central Wyoming, were examined for phytolith, macrofloral, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) residue analyses. Charcoal from this feature produced a radiocarbon date of 1040 ± 40 BP, reflecting a Late Prehistoric occupation. Phytolith, macrofloral, and FTIR analyses will be used to provide subsistence information concerning the plant resources used by the occupants of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

A total of ten samples from the fill of hearths at sites 32ML0890, 32ML1065, 32ML1073, and 32ML1079 in McLean County, North Dakota, were examined for phytoliths and charred macrofloral remains to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the various occupants of these sites. PET (Processed Edible Tissue) analysis was conducted on four pieces of charred organic material recovered from the macrofloral samples. PET analysis included examination of organic residues using Fourier...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Samples from stone rings at sites 32OL551 and 32OL552 in west-central North Dakota were examined for phytoliths and macrofloral remains to determine that plant resources were utilized by the occupants of these sites. Microscopic charcoal was extracted from the stone ring sediments and submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating, yielding three radiocarbon dates. Lithic tools from the stone rings at 32OL551 also were examined for protein residues to provide information concerning animals that may have...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Residue from the bowl of a Late Woodland period clay pipe found at the Military Academy Site in Niantic, Connecticut was submitted for phytolith and organic residue analysis to gain information regarding materials smoked. AMS radiocarbon dating was performed on this residue to obtain a date for the use of the pipe. In addition, the residue was tested for the presence of organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Xaltocan OP Z3, situated on a gentle slope in the former Xaltocan-Zumpanog lake bed, is located in the Nextalpan Municipality, Mexico. The artificially constructed island that comprises this site lies in the middle of Lake Xaltocan and dates to the tenth century AD (Kristin De Lucia, personal communication August 8, 2018). Phytolith, organic residue (FTIR), and elemental composition (XRF) analysis were conducted on twelve ceramics representing bowls, a basin, several comals, and numerous...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill samples from thermal features at sites LA 160727, LA 160739, and LA 160741 in southeast New Mexico were examined for phytoliths and macrofloral remains. A single sample from the thermal feature at LA 160727 also was analyzed for pollen. In addition, fire-cracked rocks from the features were tested for the presence of organic residues, especially lipids, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Radiocarbon dates suggest that LA 160727 represents a Late Archaic/Early Mogollon...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Groundstone, artifacts, and/or soil samples from Sites CA-SDI-4530C, CA-SDI-4531, and CA-SDI-8657 in southern California were analyzed for phytoliths, pollen, protein residues, or macrofloral remains. These sites represent habitation sites located on the Salt Creek Ranch, approximately seven miles inland from the San Diego Bay. They represent an inland adaptation during the La Jolla (Archaic) period, which is a relatively poorly known manifestation. Phytolith and pollen analyses were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Four sites located in Pennfield Ridge near Cripps Stream in Charlotte County, along the coast in southwest New Brunswick, Canada yielded samples submitted for a variety of analyses. Sites BgDq-38 and BgDp-4 reflect Paleoindian occupations (10,600-11,200 BP), site BgDq-39 reflects the Terminal Archaic and Early Woodland Period (3800-2800 BP), and site BgDq-40 represents a Late Maritime Woodland Period occupation (500-800 BP). The washes from three stone axes at site BgDq-39 were submitted for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Three “stone combs” from three different features from the Upper San Pedro Village (AZ EE:12:60) in southern Arizona were submitted for phytolith, protein, and organic residue analysis to determine the materials processed by these tools (Table 1). These analyses were undertaken in an effort to provide information that would indicate their function. Since possible “hafting” areas were visible on at least two of the three tools, protein and organic residue analysis were performed on both the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fifteen artifacts from Site 41MJ55 in northern Texas were analyzed for phytoliths, starches, and possible blood residues. This site is a Middle Archaic site with a mantle of historic materials covering the prehistoric deposits. Eight cobble tools and five fire-cracked rocks were washed for phytoliths and starches to identify any plant residue adhering to these tools as a result of their use. Blood residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information and possible...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig. Peter Kováčik.

The Valentine Cache #3 Site (05-01-53-377), located in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, consists of five granitic stone circular features. These features are believed to be associated with caching activities, possibly acorn harvesting. Two soil samples from the center of one of the rock ring features (Feature B, Quadrant 2) were submitted for phytolith, starch, and macrofloral analyses to identify plants associated with function, type, and method of construction for these features,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig. Melissa K. Logan.

A nearly complete Shoshone Intermountain Ware flat-bottomed jar from site 10TF2130, located in the Auger Falls locality along the Snake River in Twin Falls, Idaho, was inverted on a large Bonneville Flood boulder supported by two natural rock spalls and a large percussion flake. A polished stone was noted downhill from the vessel beneath a boulder. Four small interior pottery sherd fragments exfoliated from this vessel were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating and phytolith, starch, and organic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

A ceramic sherd and a pipe bowl from the River Road Site (36BU0379) in Bucks County,Pennsylvania were submitted for analysis. The ceramic sherd was examined for phytolith and starch residues, and the pipe bowl was examined for organic residues. Organic residue analysis also was performed on a soil control sample for the pipe bowl. The samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Phytolith and starch analysis of the ceramic vessel were performed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Unami Creek Open Site, 36BU0445, is situated along Unami Creek in Bucks County, southeastern Pennsylvania. Originally, the site was thought to exhibit evidence of Late Archaic to Early Woodland (3700–2600 BP), Middle Woodland (2000–1700 BP), and Late woodland (1300–465 BP) occupation. Over 5,000 lithic artifacts were recovered, including Fox Creek and Late Woodland triangular projectile points. In addition, a late Woodland radiocarbon date (510–400 BP) was obtained. Fifteen flaked lithics...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

Midland Site #8 (20MD38), is a multi-component prehistoric site located in Chippewassee Park, Midland County, Michigan. The site was originally situated on stratified floodplain alluvium near the confluence of the Chippewa and Tittabawasee Rivers. In the 1970s, the city of Midland built Chippewassee Park and buried the site under a gravel parking lot and cleared grassy area (Kevin Schwarz, personal communication, November 12, 2018). Current archaeological investigations were conducted by ASC...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

Located in Buck County, Pennsylvania, the Split Site (36BU0449) is situated in a diabase boulder field, perched above extensive wetlands draining into Ridge Valley Creek. The site is divided into eastern and western halves by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension, which destroyed portions of the archaeological site during construction in the 1950s (Joel Dworsky, personal communication, November 5, 2019). The eastern half (Split Site East) produced a high volume of archaeological...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A large basalt mortar was submitted for phytolith, starch, and protein residue analyses from site 45DO917. This is a pre-contact site located on Lower Moses Coulee near Wenatchee, Washington. The goal of these analyses is to identify plant and animal resources that may have been processed using this mortar.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two mauls from two different Besant-aged bison kill sites (EjPk-3 and EgPn-111, southern Alberta, Canada) were submitted for protein residue, phytolith and starch grain analysis. The goal of these analyses is to recover and detect plant and animal remains that may be present on the surface of these tools. Such evidence would provide information useful in determining the function of these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Protein residue washes of two biface tools were conducted by the client and submitted for protein residue analysis. Residue washes of two ceramic pottery sherds were also conducted by the client and submitted for phytolith and starch analysis. These artifacts were recovered from an eroding riverbank at the mouth of the Tobique River, New Brunswick, Canada. These analyses were selected to better understand plant and animal resources utilized by the site’s occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Bifaces and tools from the Medhold Site, 45PI728, in western Washington were submitted for protein residue analysis. This analysis was used to detect plant and animal residues that might have been preserved within the microscopic crevasses on the working surfaces of these tools. Four of the cobble tools and an expedient tool also were analyzed for phytoliths and starches. Some plants produce opal silica phytoliths that are unique to those plants and/or specific plant parts. Starch grains can be...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill samples from two prehistoric hearths and a rock alignment at the Hay-1 site, FS-050155229, in Los Angeles County, California, were examined for phytoliths, starches, macrofloral remains, and organic residues. The organic residues were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This site contains both historic and prehistoric components, and the prehistoric component includes a lithic scatter with groundstone, flaked stone tools, boulder milling features, and a quartzite...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

The Lake Shetek Campground Site 3 (21MU54) in Lake Shetek State Park, southwest Minnesota is a multicomponent Plains Village, Woodland, and Archaic site. A single feature from this site was the object of intensive study to place this feature in time and identify its function. A piece of fire-cracked rock from the fill of a fire-cracked rock feature was examined for phytoliths, starches, and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine plant...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

A ceramic rim sherd and two bone fragments from the Ne’hu-lat-poe Village, site 10IH3337, in the Nez Perce National Forest in Idaho County, Idaho, were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. This multicomponent site is one of five ancient Nez Perce villages found in the area. Phytolith, starch, and organic residue analyses also were performed on the ceramic rim sherd. The sherd was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Phytolith, starch, and organic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

A single sediment sample from the upper fill of a heated rock feature at site PL-SCESEG6-08 in Los Angeles County, California, was examined for phytoliths, starch, macrofloral remains, and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), to look for evidence of foods that might have been processed in this feature. Charcoal from the feature also was identified and submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating to provide temporal information. This feature contained...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

A piece of fire-cracked rock (FCR) from a pit feature at site 21OT191 in central Minnesota was submitted for phytolith, starch, and organic residue (FTIR) analyses. One fragment of charcoal from the same feature was submitted for identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. These analyses are used to identify plant and animal resources that might have been utilized by the site occupants and to determine the age of the pit feature.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 21-85 is located within the Western New England Marble Valley subzone with the Vermont Valley extending north towards Massachusetts. The site is situated in Canaan, County Lichfield, Connecticut on the edge of Robbins Swamp. Robbins Swamp was important to Native Americans during the pre-contact period as an ecological and cultural resource. Four soil control samples for 16 lithics from a various depths and units were submitted for protein analysis. Additionally, three ceramic samples were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Sherds from two ceramic vessels with visible residue from the Metz site (33ER557) were submitted for phytolith, starch, organic residue (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Two celts were submitted for phytolith, starch, protein residue (CIEP), and FTIR analysis. Phytolith, starch, protein residue, and organic residue analyses were undertaken to better understand what foods may have been prepared or processed using these items. XRD analysis of the exterior slip coating provides...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Rhoda O Lewis.

Five pieces of Korean pottery were examined for evidence of opal phytoliths that would indicate the presence of domesticated grasses. All of the samples contained phytoliths. In addition, two sherds yielded diatoms, and two contained carbonized plant fibers. The observed phytoliths were low in frequency and consisted of Festucoid, Panicoid, and Elongate types.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Laura Ruggiero.

Phytolith, macrofloral, and protein residue samples collected from ceramic sherds were examined from Woodland, Late Woodland, and Historic period occupations for the Route 29 Project in Trenton, New Jersey. Phytolith, macrofloral, and/or protein residue samples were collected from the following three major areas: the Rosey Hill Mansion Site [28ME107], which is an historic site contained within the Riverview Executive Park Archaeological Complex, the Water's Edge Archaeological Complex...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter.

Two prehistoric ceramic rim sherds, a soil sample, and a single projectile point/knife were recovered during Phase III archaeological data recovery at the Appomattox Manor dwelling house in the City Point Unit of Petersburg National Battlefield in Hopewell, Virginia. This area is part of a large, multicomponent site. The majority of the ceramic sherds found on a possible living floor/midden (Feature 4) are believed to be associated with the Varina Netimpressed variety, which dates to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty pollen samples collected from seven cores were examined to provide a stratigraphic record of vegetation. In addition, charcoal from three of the pollen samples were radiocarbon dated to provide date context for Cores 4, 15, and 16.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A series of pollen samples representing five cores were submitted for pollen analysis. The pollen signatures from these cores are discussed below.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR11230 is situated in the southeastern portion of the Great Divide Basin, approximately five miles north of the Continental divide. Hansen Eraw and an ephemeral drainage are located approximately three quarters of a mile to the west-northwest and 430 m to the south, respectively. Sited along the northwest slope of a north-south trending ridge approximately 7066 feet above mean sea level, this site is covered by an aeolian sand sheet. Multiple hunter-gatherer open camp fire pits were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Nine pollen samples were submitted for analysis in conjunction with archaeological testing along the Mountain Bell Underground Cable route. These samples included eight from AZT:4:38(ASM), a site which had been examined previously, and one from AZN:16:7(ASM). These samples were examined for pollen in an effort to identify cultural activities, and identify agricultural crops at AZT:4:38(ASM). Samples were analyzed primarily from rock alignments and agricultural field locations at...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Mitchell Lake was tested to recover pollen samples and provide organics for one AMS radiocarbon date. One modern ground surface sample and one sediment sample taken near the base of the wetland core were analyzed for their pollen content.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A series of geo trenches were excavated across the Resaca Palo Alto, into the levees, and just outside the Resaca near Brownsville, Texas. Resaca Palo Alto is a paleochannel of the Rio Grande River. The Resaca deposits consist of three sediment packages deposited during different episodes of fluvial activity. Pollen analysis was conducted on samples from the geo trenches to provide information concerning the paleoenvironmental history of the Resaca. In addition, charcoal recovered from the lower...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A pollen column was examined from the Sarah Gulch site, 5DA1564, in central Colorado to provide information concerning the past environment. Control samples were collected from the modern ground surface on the ridge slope east of the excavations and from the modem Sarah Gulch floodplain. In addition, botanic samples were submitted for identification. This site contains a buried prehistoric cultural component that is believed to date to the Archaic Stage. Activities at the site are believed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik.

Site 48CR10499, located in south-central Wyoming in the eastern portion of the Washakie Basin, is a hunter-gatherer open camp exhibiting evidence of two occupations, including one Early Archaic housepit. Component 2 yielded ten radiocarbon dates ranging from 5720 to 5180 BP, indicating an Opal Phase occupation. Component 1 comprises two distinct open camps dating to 1820 and 1530 BP. Two sediment samples collected from each of the two cultural components were examined for pollen to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Uploaded by: Linda Scott Cummings

Samples from the Scoggins/Gates Fault Study in Washington County, Oregon were submitted to PaleoResearch Institute for analysis and recovery of appropriate charred materials for radiocarbon age determination. Twenty bulk and fifteen detrital charcoal samples were submitted for identification. In addition, two sediment samples from sag pond deposits were submitted for pollen analysis. Due to budgetary constraints, none of the charcoal was processed for radiocarbon dating at PaleoResearch...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Two soil samples from a human-modified ephemeral stream west of Cedar City, Utah, were submitted for pollen analysis to determine if either of these samples represents lacustrine conditions. In addition, macrofloral remains saved from the two pollen samples and an individual charcoal sample were examined for organic material to submit for radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three hearths at 24YE353 were noted eroding from the northern bank of the Yellowstone River. These features were examined for their pollen and macro floral content to identify common elements of the local vegetation, as well as to address possible subsistence activities. In addition, another site located upstream, MAC 89-22, contained a single hearth, which was sampled for both pollen and macrofloral remains. These samples are being analyzed as part of a program of post-fire assessment...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were collected from paleosols at 32BI703. The earliest paleosol yielded a radiocarbon age of 13,070, while the later two paleosols dated to 11,560/10,730 and 2160 BP respectively. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify components of the local vegetation during paleosols representing the early, middle, and late Holocene.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

A stratigraphic column collected from 32ME847 was examined for pollen to provide a record of prehistoric vegetation in the vicinity of this site. Interpretations of paleoenvironmental conditions are made from the record of vegetation. Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, Woodland, and Late Prehistoric archaeological manifestations were noted at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site 32MZ278, located on an open, rolling grassland in McKenzie County, was sampled for pollen. The site occupies the western and southern exposures of a large hill approximately 3.5 miles south of the last recorded channel of the Missouri River. Although no diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the test excavations, a Besant point and an Early Plains Archaic side-notched projectile point were recorded during the site survey. Three pollen samples were taken at 10 cm intervals through...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples were collected from four strata at the Traveis 2 Site, 39WW15. The site represents a PaleoIndian occupation, dated to approximately 9500 BP. This site is located along the left bank of Lake Oahe (Missouri River) in north central South Dakota. Pollen analysis was designed to address environmental conditions at the time of occupation, as well as to identify any change in the vegetation between the occupation and sediments deposited prior to the occupation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six pollen samples were submitted from two prehistoric sites within the proposed Applewhite Reservoir area in southern Bexar County, Texas. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate these samples for their potential in contributing to a paleoenvironmental interpretation of the area. Pollen preservation and concentration were evaluated for these samples and recom mendations made concerning future analysis in the area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two pollen samples were examined from a Late Archaic (2620 ± 60 BP) archaeological site located approximately one mile north of Goblin Valley State park along the western central edge of the San Rafael Desert. Lithic artifacts recovered at this site included a slab metate that was washed to recover pollen evidence of plant processing. In addition, a modern ground surface sample was examined as a control sample.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two pollen samples were examined from a Late Archaic (2620 + 60 BP) archaeological site located approximately one mile north of Goblin Valley State park along the western central edge of the San Rafael Desert. Lithic artifacts recovered at this site included a slab metate that was washed to recover pollen evidence of plant processing. In addition, a modern ground surface sample was examined as a control sample.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Palynological investigations of eighteen soil samples were undertaken in conjunction with archaeological excavations at two sites in Emery County, Utah. These two sites (42EM959 and 42EM960) are small rockshelters located approximately 75 mile apart at an elevation of 6,750 ·feet in a pinyon/juniper woodland ecozone in central Utah. Both sites appear to be Fremont sites dating between ca. AD 400 and AD 1200. A single early Archaic projectile point recovered from the lower strata of 42EM959...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis of three samples from hearths at 42SA10986 was undertaken to providen information concerning subsistence activities and seasonality of occupation at this site. Individual circular masonry structures containing only a large central hearth represent a Pueblo III occupation in the early AD 1200s.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site 42SA17446 is located in the Paradox Basin on the Colorado Plateau between Dry Valley and Lisbon Valley in San Juan County, Utah. The site is a multi-component that may exhibit occupations between the middle Archaic an the Late Prehistoric. Eight features were excavated, although only two of the hearths/roasting pits, which were well-preserved, were sampled for pollen. Pollen analysis for these two features was undertaken to provide subsistence data for the site.