Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions) 2018

DOCUMENT Citation Only P. Brendan Burke.

In 1874 a new lighthouse tower was completed in St. Augustine, Florida to replace an older lighthouse imperiled by coastal erosion.  A brick triplex constructed at the station in 1876 provided housing for light keepers and their families. From 1874 until 1889, Head Keeper William Harn and his family occupied the station, living in the Keepers’ House. Archaeology undertaken at the St. Augustine Lighthouse & Maritime Museum before, and during, construction work located a midden likely associated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne E. Wright. Emily Schwalbe.

Circle Line V, previously known as Celt, USS Phenakite, USS Sachem, and Sightseer, and colloquially known as the "Kentucky Ghost Ship", is a grounded vessel off the Ohio River in Northern Kentucky that has become a popular attraction with kayakers and hikers. In addition to its striking appearance, the site is popular due to its reported history. Designed as a private yacht, it subsequently served in both World Wars, as a research vessel for Thomas Edison, and even as the backdrop in a Madonna...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marco Meniketti.

From 1870 until 1920 the Loma Prieta timber mill ranked as one of California’s largest and most productive in terms of board-feet cut. Beginning operations a few years after the gold rush, workers were immigrants from many lands with aspirations for a better life than the one they left behind. The company clear-cut through ancient redwood forests in the Santa Cruz Mountains, providing timber for regional railroads, housing, and building of San Francisco. Following deforestation the region was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gerald F. Schroedl.

A landscape archaeology approach is used to examine the Orillon Bastion at the Brimstone Hill Fortress, St. Kitts (1690-1853).  Archaeological and documentary evidence record how the British military altered the number and kinds of structures within the Bastion and how they reconfigured their arrangements as the fort was enlarged, troop levels increased and were stabilized, and the military’s local and global strategic needs shifted during the fort’s occupation.  Initially used to house troops...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard L Carrico.

A comparison of  burial records from colonial Spanish  era San Diego with the results of archaeological excavation at the San Diego Presidio offers a unique opportunity to document life and death on the colonial frontier.  The written burial records list at least 209 persons buried at the presidio and the archaeological record provides information on 119 sets of remains.  A synthesis of the archaeological data, forensic data, and historical information provides new and important information...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dwayne Scheid.

The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a relatively new unit of the National Park Service established by legislation in 1974, is located on the Upper Cumberland Plateau and includes land in both Tennessee and Kentucky. The historically remote and relatively inhospitable nature of the physical landscape of the Big South Fork contributes to the modern perceptions of the landscape and its people. The area has a long history of small-scale human habitation and evidence of the lives...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Dostal.

In January of 2016, the remains of an 18th century wooden ship were found during construction on the waterfront of Alexandria, VA. The ship was excavated and stored, and in June of 2017, the disarticulated timbers were shipped to the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University for documentation and conservation. To document the ship, each individual timber is laser-scanned, and the individual laser scans are being re-assembled in the nurbs 3-D modelling suite Rhinoceros 5. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Hundley. Irini A Malliaros.

In 2017, maritime archaeologists from the Silentworld Foundation and Australian National Maritime Museum conducted a survey of historic shipwreck sites at Kenn Reefs, Australian Coral Sea Territory. The acquired data was utilised to build a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) project. Maritime archaeology was born of, and is continually improved by, technological advances. GIS has become yet another indispensible tool to the modern maritime archaeologist - integrating data ranging...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brianna Patterson.

In March of 1862, Confederate forces in Pensacola, Florida, decided to abandon the area to the Union forces occupying Fort Pickens, situated across Pensacola Bay. To keep all useful assets from the Union Army, the Confederates enacted what would later be known as a "scorched earth policy." As part of this strategy, Lieutenant-Colonel William Beard and his raiding party set out on March 10th to destroy all essential property associated with the lumber industry along the Blackwater and Escambia...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Worth.

The recent discovery and archaeological investigation of the 1559-1561 settlement of Tristán de Luna on Pensacola Bay, in concert with ongoing nearby excavations at the second and third Emanuel Point shipwrecks from Luna’s colonial fleet, has prompted new opportunities for research into the material culture of Spain’s mid-sixteenth-century New World empire.  In an effort to develop systemic linkages between the material traces left behind in different archaeological contexts, both terrestrial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles R. Cobb. Gifford Waters.

Lithic data have received sparse attention in research on the Franciscan missions of Spanish La Florida. A re-analysis of the collections from three seventeenth-century interior missions reveals that Native Americans continued to rely on a diverse lithic technological tradition well after arrival of friars in their communities and the subsequent importation of metal tools. This pattern is also reflected in historical accounts where, for example, Native Americans were mandated to maintain quotas...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jordan E Pickrell.

In 2016, Historical Research Associates, Inc., conducted archaeological testing at an urban site in the Cascade neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. Below 15 feet of fill, we identified an archaeological site dating to the early twentieth century. Data recovery excavations at the site focused on four features, including two intact privy shafts containing domestic debris deposited between 1905 and 1910. This paper provides an overview of the project from identification and testing of the site,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin N. Zant.

The mid to late nineteenth century emergence of purpose-built sailing vessels to ply the Welland Canal was a relatively simple solution to meet the diverse demands of bulk cargo transportation in the Great Lakes. As such, ‘sailing canallers’ were an important economic link between the eastern and western United States, connecting economic and industrial landscapes of the Midwest with eastern markets, and fueling the expansion of major Great Lakes industrial centers. With few drawn plans, and no...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Mathews.

The La Bahia was believed to have passed in front of the Inn. Investigations never located the illusive trace. Plans to expand the parking lot created an opportunity to look on the northeast side; the backdoor to the Inn and dining room. Background research revealed that the Fanthorp’s residence was at the front of the Inn. If travelers departed the stagecoach at the front door they would have traipsed through the Fanthorps living space to get to the dining area. While many guests stayed at the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tamara Holman.

One of the many gold mining interests of Fairbanks, Alaska pioneer Tom Gilmore was a custom gold processing mill on Fairbanks Creek. The 5-stamp Allis Chalmers mill was unique to the district when it was installed in 1915. After his death in 1932, Gilmore’s widow continued custom milling operations. The Gilmore Mill was lost to history because the nearby McCarty Mill had been misidentified as the Gilmore Mill in a Fairbanks historic buildings inventory and repeated by multiple sources. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hunter W Whitehead.

Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola, renowned as the ‘Cradle of Naval Aviation’, has been a fundamental pilot training facility for the U.S. Navy since its establishment in 1914. Soon after, World War I ensured aviation would remain an important aspect of U.S. naval warfare, and lead to increased influx of prospective aviation cadets at NAS Pensacola. The next several decades of training led to hundreds of training accidents, some of which resulted in the loss of naval aircraft in waters offshore...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cassandra A Medeiros.

Moonshine stills are commonly discovered during archaeological surveys and excavations across the American South, where moonshine production holds historical economic importance. Stills are recorded occasionally, but little investigative research is done because of a prevailing assumption that they offer nothing of historical significance. I seek to demonstrate that this assumption is not correct. My major objectives include establishing a chronology and typology of stills, identifying...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Denise Jaffke. John Herrald.

On June 7, 2017, a diver from the U.C. Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory found a bow section of the Maggie Ross, a steam schooner that wrecked off the coast of Russian Gulch in August, 1892. The schooner was headed north from San Francisco when it struck a submerged rock near the former Russian outpost of Fort Ross. The captain was able to beach the foundering vessel at the nearest "doghole" port. This event was only the last of what was a tumultuous career for the ship. This paper will examine the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert W. McQueen. Shaun Richey.

Digital mapping is the trending technology for just about any archaeological fieldwork project. While many universities (and their impassioned students) have access to this new technology and can play with it ad nauseam, its introduction to CRM projects is not as forthcoming as some would like (including CRM practitioners and nascent drone companies). Like all emerging technologies, questions abound about which technology to use, effective application for the task at hand, and most importantly,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaun Richey. Robert W. McQueen.

The use of unmanned aerial systems (aka drones) as part of archaeological survey is becoming more common. This approach holds promise for visually describing the complexity of mining landscapes at a level of detail not available to most aerial imagery. However, the methods and resulting data generated with this approach require closer scrutiny. The variety of technological options available for both the UAS, and for post-processing software, creates difficulty in developing a consistent approach...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Glenn J. Farris.

The Sacramento River as it flows through the Carquinez Straits into San Francisco Bay is an imposing body of water. Ocean going ships could sail a considerable ways upstream. Whereas early Spanish explorers provided rough, schematic maps of the river as far back as 1824, the first professional mapping was accomplished by surveyors aboard HMS Sulphur, commanded by Captain Edward Belcher in 1837. However, the map resulting from this survey was never published. Recent research at the United Kingdom...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nina Schreiner.

By law, permanent residents of French settlements were Catholic. Systematic Catholicizing of French North America was nominally successful, but lay religion retained unorthodox elements, including belief in powerful supernatural beings and the effectiveness of magic in daily life. This study briefly surveys folklore and ethnohistory from New France and Louisiana to shed light on such folk religious beliefs and practices, then moves to consideration of diverse forms of material culture associated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Landon. Christa Beranek.

Recent archaeological excavation has recovered the first intact features related to the early-17th-century Plymouth Colony settlement in downtown Plymouth, Massachusetts. This paper presents an overview of these investigations with a particular focus on the representation of Native Wampanoag lithics and pottery across the English features. These data are critically examined to assess whether this represents inclusion of Native materials from an underlying site or the use of Native technology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Penny Crook.

The systematic indexation of quality in mass-produced goods offers a new approach for historical archaeology and studies of consumption. The relative excellence of glass and ceramics sherds has proven to be a useful complement to traditional analyses of function, fabric and decoration when studying consumer choice at the household level. But does this approach suit the archaeological study of personal goods? Are the challenges of artifact preservation and assemblage diversification too great?...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Breanna M Wilbanks.

From Ireland to Fort Smith, the Sisters of Mercy parish was established by Bishop Andrew Byrne, along with five devout female recruits, to support the Church of Immaculate Conception which would be the first Catholic place of worship in what was considered the "wild" westernmost portion of the United States.The Sisters of Mercy site, (3SB1083) was occupied from its establishment in 1853 up to present day, where it hosts several schools, outbuildings, and a cathedral and acts still today as a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erika Davila. Elizabeth Latham. Grace Tsai. Robin Anderson.

Seventeenth-century cookbooks, sailors’ records, and data from archaeological faunal remains were used to replicate salted beef for the Ship Biscuit & Salted Beef Research Project. Samples of salted beef and brine were taken out regularly and tested for microbes at the USDA Agricultural Research Service laboratory in College Station, Texas. Our team, using selective plating techniques, isolated the microbes for downstream DNA sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene. This paper presents the taxonomic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diane Zentgraf.

Soldiers stationed at two remote Pacific Northwest military forts, Fort Hoskins (1856-1865) and Fort Yamhill (1856-1866), Oregon, led a monotonous life in the wet, dreary western Oregon coastal mountain range.  The repetitive nature of military life for these men was relieved by what was considered at the time a pleasure and a distraction, the smoking pipe.  Fortunately for these soldiers it was the peak of European and American manufacture of clay smoking pipes in variety, quality and artistry....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chandler E Fitzsimons.

Fort Davis, a frontier fort in far west Texas tasked with protecting the Overland Trail to California and fighting Comanche, closed in 1891, leaving behind the ethnically and financially diverse town that had grown up around it. This community struggled to redefine itself economically in the years following the fort’s closure, only to find a new lease on life in the first decades of the 20th century as a tourist destination. In this paper, I examine manifestations of intersectional identity in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amy A Borgens.

On the beach near the Mexican border, the ghostly remains of a shipwreck known as Boca Chica No. 2 periodically emerge after major storm events. This 72-ft. wooden vessel first came to the attention of the Texas Historical Commission in 1999 and has been monitored by the agency since that time. Local folklore has long associated this shipwreck with the Mexican warship Bravo (Montezuma), incidentally the most famous wreck in the area, but archeological evidence from the hull itself suggests...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan S. Hechler. William S. Pratt.

Early Spanish colonial accounts of northern highland Ecuador were exceptionally verbose about Inka imperial frontier architectural feats, however these same writings are silent on regional ethnic groups’ pre-Inka monumental earthen platform mound creations, known as tolas. This is in exceptional contrast to the detail provided in then-contemporary Spanish accounts of similar earthen structures in the U.S. Southeastern Woodlands. Tolas could tower over the regional landscape up to 20 m tall and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valerie M. J. Hall.

Investigations of household-level interactions with local ecosystems at two seventeenth-century sites, both located on the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center campus, explore human occupants’ interactions with the local environment.  English immigrants to late 17th-century Maryland impacted the landscape through traditional agricultural practices including the keeping of livestock herds.  Analysis of faunal assemblages from the Shaw’s Folly and Sparrow’s Rest sites, examined at the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A McCague.

As an often overlooked artifact class, horse hardware has the potential to answer a variety of research questions on the functionality of plantation work spaces. Ongoing archaeological research at James Madison’s Montpelier has examined the dynamics of a late 18th to mid-19th century working plantation in central Virginia. Through the survey and excavations of several areas that made up Madison’s plantation, various horse hardware has been recovered in several labor contexts and styles. As part...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John D. Broadwater.

More than two thousand ships have been lost in Virginia waters since the first European explorers ventured here. In addition, countless prehistoric sites and historic piers, wharves and other structures now lie underwater. Yet, except for a few significant exceptions, little emphasis has been placed on locating and studying Virginia’s submerged sites. In a partnership with the Virginia Historic Resources Department, the Archeological Society of Virginia recently formed a Maritime Heritage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Claire K Maass.

In 2009, Peru apologized to its citizens of African descent for the discrimination enacted against them since the colonial period. Since this address, the government has instituted a series of initiatives to evaluate the state of the Afro-descendent population today. A key outcome of these efforts has been the expansion of Afro-Peruvian studies, an inter-disciplinary research program that aims to produce knowledge about Afro-Peruvian culture from a historical perspective. However, much of this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rochelle R. Lurie.

Built at the height of the Progressive Era on over 300 acres of land southwest of Chicago, the Oak Forest Institution or Poor Farm was to be an example for the rest of the nation. Buildings designed by the architectural firm of Holabard and Roche provided light, space and services for the poor, elderly and sick that reflected the era’s emphasis on fresh air, wholesome food, medical treatment  (especially for tuberculosis) and relief from the vices and overcrowding of city living. Richly...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carrie H. Cecil.

Although desalination systems saw widespread use in maritime settings throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, mechanical improvements in the mid-1800s increased the utility of this technology for military purposes – specifically, the occupation and defense of otherwise uninhabitable lands. This paper examines the implementation and impacts of desalination technologies in one such location. Situated halfway between Hawaii and the Philippines, Wake Atoll is devoid of any natural source of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark M Ludlow.

The finding and excavation of a late eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth century rural free black community cartographically known as Smoke Town or Leeds Town, on the Shenandoah River, Warren County, Virginia, populated by some of the 452 slaves manumitted (511 ultimately), by Robert Carter III by his Deed of Gift of 1791. Robert Carter III was an affluent grandson of Robert ‘King’ Carter. That Deed of Gift was the largest single manumission of slaves in America until the American Civil War –...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas A Crist. Douglas B. Mooney. Kimberly A Morrell.

Bioarchaeology often provides a pathway back to public recognition for forgotten historical figures.  This presentation provides an osteobiography of Reverend Stephen H. Gloucester, a once nationally prominent and now virtually forgotten African-American abolitionist, educator, and community leader.  Born enslaved in Tennessee, by the 1830s Gloucester was a vocal participant in the American Anti-Slavery Society, a founder of the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and one of the primary...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elisabeth A. Rareshide.

The Mission Period in Alta California (AD 1769-1834) radically changed the lives of indigenous people such as the Tongva. Many Tongva people joined the Spanish missions, but some practiced rituals connected to the Chinigchinich religion on San Clemente Island. Patterns of consumption of native and foreign material culture may reveal new layers of meaning in persistent ritual practices. With a variety of ritual features, the Lemon Tank artifact collection from San Clemente Island provides a rich...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maria Relaki.

Current debate in public archaeology has repositioned archaeologists as members of the community, rather than specialists distinct from the public. Although this moves away from privileging archaeological perspectives of the past towards a more dialogical engagement with communities, in practice the motivations and agendas of specialists and public with respect to the archaeological resource are not easily reconciled. An archaeological ethnography example from Crete explores the tensions between...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Margo S. Stringfield.

Nowhere else in our society are we as cognizant of the cultural landscape of our communities as in our historic cemeteries. Burying grounds are not merely components of a community’s physical landscape, but they also reflect the community over time. Markers and monuments are often the only structures that survive as physical testaments to individuals. Florida’s cemeteries are the repositories of last statements and speak to both the individual and collective cultural makeup of the communities...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa R. Price.

Beginning in the 1950s, Florida witnessed a fascinating and tumultuous series of events concerning the salvage of historic shipwrecks. Before the Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987, many historic shipwrecks in Florida were actively salvaged with little regard for their archaeological value. Currently, Aruba is experiencing similar salvage activity coupled with a lack of comprehensive legislation that protects terrestrial and submerged archaeological sites. This paper draws parallels between...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Selina Ali. Julian Hainsworth. John Carroll. Richard Morgan.

This paper presents a pilot study that takes two archaeological sites, one on land and one underwater, and presents how these sites stand today, and how they might have looked in the past. We do this by building the sites in a virtual environment within a game engine to create an interactive educational resource. This project takes archaeological data and processes it into consumable content aimed at the general public, without sacrificing on the intellectual integrity of the site. We will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Margaret A Comer.

Moscow was heavily affected by Stalinist terror, since many targeted groups were concentrated there. It was also, however, a concentrated center of perpetration, since the designers of the purges and multi-faceted ‘apparatus of terror’ were based there. Today, the buildings formerly occupied by the NKVD still stand in central Moscow. Within a five-minute walk in any direction, one can find, among other sites, a garage where thousands of Muscovites were shot, the FSB’s current headquarters, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Raymond L Hayes.

An 1857 nautical chart of Great Harbor at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, details sailing instructions for ships entering this natural deepwater anchorage.  From 1859-1889 ships carrying seabird guano sailed into Great Harbor to unload at the Pacific Guano Company plant.  We have conducted a maritime archaeological reconnaissance survey of the anchorage, including the guano wharves. Submerged artifacts collected by local divers and remote sensing of the anchorage site show that seafaring trade in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kirsten M. Hawley. Matthew Maus. Charles D Beeker. Samuel I. Haskell.

This paper presents results of a diver-based photogrammetric survey and preliminary interpretation of a 16th-century shipwreck near Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. The applied photogrammetric methodology highlights the potential of this emerging technology to rapidly assess submerged cultural resources despite constraints limiting survey time, as during this study nearly all visible components of the site were recorded on a single dive. Although the sample of recovered artifacts is incomplete...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ricardo C Silva. Tânia M Casimiro. Sarah Newstead.

For many years, archaeologists believed that the type of jar known as an 'olive jar' was exclusively made in Southern Spain. The possibility that Portuguese kilns also produced these jars was not considered, despite these botijas, being frequent references in Portuguese documents, particularly in reference to ships' cargos. Until recently only a few olive jar sherds had been recovered in Portugal and, although we suspected a possible production due to the similarities between some olive jar...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Todd H. Ahlman.

The post emancipation period in the British Caribbean (post-1834) represented a drastic change for the formerly enslaved Africans on St. Kitts’ sugar plantations as they faced new challenges in their freedom.  This paper presents ceramic and housing data from two structures occupied from the late seventeenth century until the 1850s. Focusing on the period 1800 to 1850, ceramic types and frequencies indicate changes in the acquisition of European ceramics from the era of slavery to the post...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Hoag. Ware Petznick.

For three summers, the Shaker Historical Society has been sponsoring a community-based archaeology experience primarily geared for elementary and middle-school aged children. Excavations at two local historical sites have helped to teach these students about their local history, and the importance of archaeology and preservation in their own communities. In this paper we highlight the work we have done, and the outcomes for our students and the larger preservation work it generated in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Isabel Cartajena. Diego Carabias. Patricio López. Renato Simonetti. Carla Morales.

This paper discusses the zooarchaeological evidence of S3-4 PV, an extensive submerged wharf site located contiguous to the remains of the Fiscal Mole of the Port of Valparaiso, in the central coast of Chile (32°S). This concrete and iron pile-supported facility was a major port infrastructure preferentially employed by the line steamers arriving regularly at Valparaiso during the period c.1884-1925. Through underwater archaeology excavations, numerous domestic animal bones were recovered and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nadia Waski. Victoria A Cacchione.

Excavated from Cole’s Hill in downtown Plymouth, Massachusetts, a cache comprising of a collection of 19th century personal adornment artifacts, daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, and organic materials, potentially provides an alternative view of mourning and memorialization practices in Victorian-era New England. The associated artifacts possess characteristics indicative of Victorian mourning symbols and material types. However, no other current examples of this mourning practice exist in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christine L Halling. Ryan M Seidemann.

Louisiana has long been known for its participation in various African and Caribbean rituals and Voodoo practices. However, over three centuries of Louisiana’s history, public perception has changed a myriad of times, reflecting the cultural changes at large of the United States. Currently, the practice of Voodoo and other religions have made a popular resurgence, particularly in the digital age. Members of all religions can find common interest groups and obtain materials needed for rituals and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John C. Bright. Stephanie Gandulla.

During the summer of 2017, archaeologists from Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary led a series of partnerships to test technologically based methodologies for exploring and rapidly assessing submerged cultural resources. First, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) mapped shallow water areas and image extant archaeological materials. Next, in a sequential series of field campaigns, researchers conducted a wide-area survey to located and document historic vessel remains. The first campaign utilized...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah Hoover.

Academia regularly relies on documentary evidence to interpret the relatively rapid culture changes that occur after contact, often ignoring the more long-term patterns and processes of the indigenous response. Geoarchaeological survey allows for an in-depth study of the changes in cultural deposits diachronically, recreating a narrative that is reflective of a wide range of human experience. This paper examines the ideological shift in the Spanish strategy for colonizing La Florida by utilizing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Oliver.

This study explores the diet of the enslaved communities at James Madison’s Montpelier by analyzing two faunal assemblages from the property. The three enslaved communities provide a look at the social structures and power dynamics of enslaved communities through diet. The presence of different species, both wild and domestic, shows the access available to different communities. this paper explores those relationships by comparing three enslaved communities through five different assemblages at...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mike Whitehead. Ben L. Ford.

This paper presents the results of recent metal detection surveys conducted by Indiana University of Pennsylvania at Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.  Fort Necessity was a hastily fortified storehouse located within a historically significant landscape known as Great Meadows.  On July 3 1754, British Colonial forces led by George Washington defended Fort Necessity against a small army of French soldiers and French-allied Native Americans.  The Battle of Fort...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn Kennedy.

The hull of the Lake Champlain steamboat Phoenix II, built in 1820 and retired in Shelburne Shipyard in 1837, was archaeologically investigated over the course of three field seasons by a team of nautical archaeologists from Texas A&M University and the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. A reconstruction of Phoenix II from the archaeological material promises to fill several significant gaps in our understanding of the development and diversification of steam technology. To date, only one other...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Idah M. Whisenant.

Pend Oreille City was a steamboat landing town and one of the earliest settlements in North Idaho. From roughly 1866 to 1880, it served as a waypoint through the Idaho panhandle for travelers during early Euroamerican settlement of the region. As with many frontier towns, Pend Oreille City faded. In recent years, local interests have driven efforts to rediscover the site and appreciate its role in Idaho territorial history. The CLG grant offered the opportunity to collaborate with the University...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lily Carhart.

The blacksmith shop at George Washington’s Mount Vernon is situated roughly 200 ft. north of the mansion house and was extant in that location from at least 1762 through Washington’s death in 1799. This period featured multiple reorganizations of the grounds and dependencies, in particular the area between the mansion and the blacksmith shop was converted from a work yard to the formal North Grove. The remains of the blacksmith shop and related archaeological features have been excavated on five...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline Bourque Kearin.

American asylum medicine, the precursor to psychiatry, was predicated on an environmental approach to the treatment of mental illness: specifically, upon the creation of a curative environment that would rigorously organize patients’ exposure to sensory stimuli. This paper combines documentary records, evidence from surviving architecture, and geospatial renderings of the landscape in order to access those stimuli – consisting of the sights, sounds, smells, and tactile qualities of the natural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily A Jateff. Em Blamey.

  The Australian National Maritime Museum and the Australian Maritime Museums Council invited regional maritime museums to submit local content, or ‘shipwreck stories’, for a nationally travelling banner exhibition on Australian shipwrecks. The final graphic panel exhibition, Submerged: stories of Australia's shipwrecks, is produced by the ANMM, touring nationally and free of charge from 2018. Host venues may display their own/loaned objects with the graphic panel exhibition and are provided...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stacey Whitacre. James Page. Carolyn Rock.

In 2015, Brockington conducted Phase III Data Recovery at a nineteenth century slave and freedmen settlement within the larger Colonel’s Island Plantation in Glynn County, Georgia. Prior to block excavations, we utilized heavy machinery to clear intersecting lanes along cardinal directions on a 10-meter grid across the site. We conducted systematic metal detection along these lanes and recorded all finds and anomalies, such as nail clouds, with a sub-meter accuracy Trimble and plotted our finds...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laurel Seaborn.

Wives, sisters, daughters and nieces of captains lived at sea on merchant and whaling ships that sailed from New England during the 19th century. Their outer world may have expanded while voyaging to distant ports around the globe, but their physical world contracted severely. Spatial analysis of the rooms women lived in reveals the amount of space they inhabited within a ship. In 1856, Henrietta Deblois noted that she could not go forward to the fo’c’sle where the crew bunked. Seafaring women...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Wagner. Ryan Campbell.

 Lewis and Clark recruited 11 soldiers from the small US Army outpost of Ft. Kaskaskia (1802-1807), Illinois, in 1803 to join their expedition to explore the American west. This event traditionally has been identified as having occurred at a 1750s French fort of the same name. 2017 SIU summer field school investigations within the fort walls successfully located the remains of the French occupation but found no evidence of use by the US Army. Archaeological investigation of a nearby hilltop,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John M Hyche.

From 1850 to 1860, the Blue Ridge Mountains were home to roughly 1,900 Irish laborers as they worked on the construction of the Virginia Central Railroad. Upon its completion, the railroad  stretched from Norfolk, Virginia, to the Ohio River. Along the Blue Ridge Mountains, several cuts and tunnels were constructed by the Irish immigrants including the 4,263ft Blue Ridge Tunnel. In 2011, a local non-profit organization, focused on pinpointing the remains of Irish shantytown homes, contacted the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Calvin Mires. Victor T Mastone. Laurel Seaborn. Jennifer E. Jones. Leland Crawford.

  In 2015, the first accredited maritime archaeological field school took place under a partnership between Salem State University, NPS, NAS, the PAST Foundation, SEAMAHP, and the Massachusetts Board of Underwater Resources. Examining a 19th-century schooner on the North Shore of Massachusetts, this field school launched two successive years of educational programs that spring boarded deeper research into historical, environmental, and methodological questions, for collaborating scholars. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Terence A Christian. Kristen L. McMasters.

As part of its mission to advance the understanding, preservation, and protection of our nation’s battlefields, the National Park Service’s American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) is investigating the use of military terrain analysis (KOCOA, MET-T, etc.) on naval or amphibious engagements in American waters. The variable landscapes associated with these battlefields necessitate further research. Maritime battlefields can yield important information on a comparatively understudied aspect...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Schwalbe.

Early submarines faced many logistical challenges, one of them being the ability to steer and navigate while submerged. The Civil War submarine H.L. Hunley was no exception to this problem. Hunley’s depth and direction while in operation were the responsibility of its captain, who sat in the forward most crew station and, according to the historical and archaeological record, determined the vessel’s course based on a compass and dead reckoning.  Recent archaeological study has begun to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amanda L Murphy.

As many as 300,000 abandoned historic cemeteries exist in the United States today, yet as few as 0.4% of these are protected from disturbance by listing on the National Register of Historic Places. While NAGPRA also protects Native Burial sites on public land, and federal regulations such as ARPA shield some additional archaeological resources, the remainder of ancestral dead of all ethnicities are vulnerable to exhumation during construction. The archaeological excavation of such cemeteries may...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Courtney J. Birkett.

Since 2010 the Fort Eustis Cultural Resources Management staff has been conducting a program of annual site monitoring visits in which each of the more than 200 known archaeological sites on Fort Eustis is visited at least once a year.  The monitoring program has provided a baseline knowledge of site conditions and regular opportunities to observe any disturbance.  This paper will discuss the benefits of site monitoring at Fort Eustis, including how improved knowledge of the landscape and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn Rock.

Most archaeological studies of slave communities analyze structural remains and household debris to interpret lifeways of the enslaved occupants as a group, and perhaps how this group may have changed over time or how it differed from the lives of the overseer, the planter, or slaves in other communities. The assumption has been that most slaves within a community exhibit similar status and acquisition of goods. Our excavations of five dwellings within a nineteenth century field slave settlement...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah E. Harvey.

The South Blairsville Industry Archaeological District near Blairsville, Pennsylvania includes the remains of an early twentieth century plate glass factory and associated workers’ housing.  Between 1903 and 1935 the factory produced plate glass for numerous applications, including storefront windows and automobile windshields.  The factory and housing are linked to major themes of industrial change, the development of modern infrastructure, and the experiences of immigrant workers.  An...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James D. Spirek.

In 2014, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Office of Renewable Energy Program signed a Cooperative Agreement with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium to explore potential Wind Energy Areas (WEA) offshore in South Carolina’s portion of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Project objectives included conducting geophysical and archaeological survey of the seafloor 11-16 miles offshore North Myrtle Beach and Winyah Bay at future WEAs. The project deployed a suite of marine electronic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Franklin H Price.

Florida has the largest collection of prehistoric dugout canoes in the world. The state also has a large collection of historic dugouts, some of which pose interesting challenges in terms of identification. In particular, one mysterious and distinctive historic dugout canoe type is exhibited in three examples from south Florida, one from the Everglades, another from the Florida Keys, and the last reportedly found near Key Biscayne. These canoes are characterized by a robust hull, carved thwart...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlyn I Gorman. Genevieve C Cameron.

This paper examines the results of the chronological analysis of glass tops and bases from several sites along Main Street in St. Charles, Missouri.  Bottle fragments from both intact and disturbed contexts are used to help provide chronological context to these urban site locations.  Further comparison with diagnostic materials from the undisturbed levels, along with possible functional categories of the bottle fragments, will also be discussed relative to possible site functions.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason B Wenzel.

This project investigates the ways in which tourism destinations, namely resorts and hotels, structure the leisure experiences of their guests. Through an exploration of aspects of consumer patterns within tourism contexts, I integrate documentary and archival materials with archaeological data recovered from dense trash deposits excavated from two early-twentieth century resorts in Florida:  the Fort George Club at Kingsley Plantation and the Oakland Hotel in west Orange County. The findings...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean-Sébastien Guibert. Max Guérout. Laurence Serra. Marc Guillaume.

Saint-Pierre, Martinique has been considered the Pompeii of the West Indies. The entire city is an archaeological site sealed by the 1902 Mount Pelée eruption. Its bay is also a shipwreck graveyard due to the disaster. Since the discovery of these shipwrecks in the 1970s, archaeological research beginning in the 1990s has demonstrated the archaeological potential of these sites. Recent research conducted on the port’s dump and the Guinguette Wreck, linked with the earlier chronology, shed light...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Hunter. Paul Hundley. Kieran Hosty. Irini A Malliaros.

In February 2017, maritime archaeologists affiliated with the Australian National Maritime Museum and Silentworld Foundation conducted a survey of Kenn Reefs. Located at the far eastern extremity of Australia’s Coral Sea Territory, this reef system was an uncharted hazard to navigation in the middle of the ‘Outer Route’, a shipping corridor used by nineteenth-century mariners wishing to avoid transiting through the Great Barrier Reef. Not surprisingly, several shipwrecks occurred at Kenn Reefs...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel M Cuellar. Filipe Castro.

Ship's bells have long held the fascination of laypeople and scholars alike. Despite this fascination, little information is known about the earleist ship's bells from the 14th through the end of the 17th century. While numerous archaeological examples do exist, these either lack provenance, are fragmented, or do not follow a standarized method for analysis, making diagnostic comparisons exceedingly difficult or impossible. Recognizing this problem, the authors have undertaken the creation of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernanda Kalazich.

Prostitution and prostitutes, despite their alleged ubiquity in time-space and exponential growth with industrialization, have rarely been the focus of historical inquiry, let alone of archaeology, with exceptional exceptions. With New Orleans’ red-light district Storyville as source of inspiration, this study seeks to archaeologically document prostitution in saltpeter boomtowns (salitreras) and ports of Northern Chile (1880-1930), aiming to identify and characterize the spaces of prostitution...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chelsea Cohen.

Reconstructions of submerged urban landscapes hold an important role in understanding the potential past form and function of a site. As these reconstructions grow more prominent, the tools used to manipulate and evaluate these reconstructions become increasingly more important. This project endeavors to expand that tool set by using GIS-based visibility analyses as a means of evaluating reconstructions and using them to contextualize the relationship between port cities and seafarers. Working...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Miguel Gutierrez.

Archaeological recovery efforts at the site of CSS Georgia revealed brass and copper instruments known as gun sights. These gun sights facilitated the aiming of naval guns and are relatively rare in archaeological settings. After the American Civil War, material composed of cupreous metals, such as these sights, was melted and repurposed. A maker’s mark stamped on one of these instruments indicates that the manufacturer of these items was a certain Daniel Edwards whose foundry business was in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Jones. Donald Bourgeois.

After the Seven Years War in 1763, French aligned Alabama Indians found their eponymous homeland jeopardized by conflicts with Native American neighbors. Over the next few years, groups of Alabama sought refuge in what is now Louisiana. In the early 1770s, one Alabama group moved to the east bank of the Mississippi River near Bayou Manchac in what was then British West Florida. Now an insignificant waterway, Manchac was an international boundary between the British and Spanish in the 18th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rogelio Casas Jr. Byul Hur. Erika Davila. Grace Tsai.

System of Environmental Analysis (SEA), a portable environmental sensor for liquids which can track pH, ambient temperature, humidity, and which contains a peristaltic pump for sample collection, was developed for the Ship Biscuit & Salted Beef Research Project at Texas A&M University to record changes in chemical composition and other features of cask contents. A prototype of SEA was designed to record the data from the sensors and send the data via Bluetooth communication. Environmental sensor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James R Pruitt.

The study of submerged aircraft, while not new, is still a relatively unexplored area of maritime archaeology. Receiving even less attention is the study of site formation processes as they apply to submerged aircraft wreck sites—what processes affected the site between the time it crashed and now? These studies are becoming increasingly important, especially for cultural resource managers who are responsible for managing submerged aircraft. This paper summarizes the results of a case study of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samantha Ellens. Athena I Zissis.

Time Jumpers is a classroom initiative designed for middle school students within southeast Michigan inspired by an array of educational outreach programs across the country. Implemented by Wayne State University archaeology student volunteers and faculty, this portable learning program is run as part of the Unearthing Detroit Project which focuses upon collections-based research and public archaeology in Detroit, MI. Time Jumpers integrates hands-on activities, artifact interpretation, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn White. Carolyn White.

In 2015, we participated in an artist residency in Tokyo. Working collaboratively, we embarked on a photography-based project that explores the use of tape in Tokyo subway stations. Among other functions, the tape is used to provide direction for passengers, mark borders, and instruct construction crews. Contrasting other collaborative work, the art led the project. The culmination of this project was an exhibition in Tokyo in 2016. This paper will reflect on the Tokyo Tape Project and the roles...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn O. Fay.

The Louisa McWorter home site provides a rare opportunity to explore social dynamics and community relations within the 19th century integrated town of New Philadelphia, Illinois. Louisa, an African-American woman freed from slavery as a child, married one of the sons of town founders Frank and Lucy McWorter. Widowed early in her marriage, Louisa became legal head of household and owner of multiple lots in New Philadelphia as well as several hundred acres of farmland. My historical and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Jo Galindo.

Camp Bowie, near the headwaters of the Colorado River in Brown County, Texas, is surrounded by what the Spanish referred to as "Comanchería," or Comanche Country. The Texas Military Department completed a Traditional Cultural Properties (TCP) survey of Camp Bowie during which, representatives of the Comanche Nation visited a total of 45 sites and identified six locales as TCPs, while defining historic Comanche components for 41 sites. The Mescalero Apache visited a total of 31 sites, including...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katelyn Kean.

This research will present the findings of an archaeological evaluation focusing on the manipulation of the enslaved landscape throughout Southern Maryland in the 18th and 19th centuries. By analyzing the landscape of slave quarters at Bowens Road II (18CV151) and Smith’s St. Leonard’s (18CV91) more information of Maryland’s plantation landscape can be understood and compared throughout the Middle-Atlantic region. An analysis of artifact distribution focusing on several artifact types throughout...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis M. Williams.

A state-owned museum in Park Hill, Oklahoma, the George M. Murrell Home, held their first annual Antique Agricultural Festival (AgFest) in October 2016. Much of the festivities involved living history demonstrations of mid-19th century agricultural practices, including horse-drawn plowing. In collaboration with the organizers and participants of AgFest, I oversaw an experimental archaeology research project documenting the effects of this plowing on artifact distribution and site formation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael P Scafuri.

On February 17, 1864, the Civil War submarine H.L. Hunley detonated its spar-mounted torpedo against the hull of USS Housatonic, sinking the blockading ship several miles off the coast of Charleston, SC. While successful, this attack also resulted in the loss of Hunley. Recent conservation work on the hull of the submarine has revealed more details about the condition of the submarine and provided new clues about the causes and relevance of some of the damage found to the submarine. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Louise Tizzard. Paul Baggaley. Dave Norcott.

Over recent decades, offshore developments in the UK have given archaeologists access to large areas of seafloor which would not otherwise have been subjected to archaeological investigation. Heritage assets within these areas comprise remains of vessels, aircraft and associated debris associated with ports and harbours, maritime trade routes and activity associated with war. While the larger assets are often understood, the smaller or more ephemeral assets are more difficult to identify, but...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Farnsworth.

Historical archaeologists have explored the plantation landscapes of the Caribbean for more than 50 years, and there have been archaeological excavations at historical sites on every major island.  However, there are still islands where there have not been any previous excavations at historic sites, including plantations.  Anguilla was one such island until June 2017 when archaeological survey and excavations began at the Wallblake Estate to understand the plantation landscape and the major...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline J. Roth. Jennifer F McKinnon.

KOCOA military terrain analysis is a tool used to interpret and analyze terrestrial, and more recently, naval battlescapes; however there has been little experimentation with the application of KOCOA to aerial combat. Renewed interest in the June 1942 attack on Midway atoll (coinciding with the 75th anniversary of the attack) presented researchers with an opportunity to expand KOCOA definitions to incorporate aerial combat into terrain analysis. The resulting terrain features were used to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maxwell Forton.

Petrified Forest National Park is recognized for its rich fossil deposits, stunning vistas, and Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites. Almost lunar in appearance, the arid landscape is often depicted and perceived as a primordial wilderness frozen in time.  However, recently archaeologists have recorded and researched a range of historic era inscriptions and petroglyphs in the park’s backcountry. Despite documenting the presence of a diverse array of peoples upon this landscape, historic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tane Renata Casserley.

More than any other place in the United States, coastal Virginia and North Carolina serve as a uniquely accessible underwater museum and memorial to WWII’s Battle of the Atlantic. Since 2008, NOAA’s Monitor National Marine Sanctuary and partners have documented and surveyed this unique collection of WWII Allied and German vessels. NOAA’s goal is to protect these fragile historic resources for future generations, and to preserve the memory of the brave Allied service men and U.S. merchant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ian P Harrison.

In 1939, the Union of South Africa was caught unprepared for war. Lacking a servicable navy, the Union Defense Force was neverthelss tasked with protecting Allied supply lines through the Southern Ocean. Despite establishing a series of coastal defenses and RADAR stations to this end, Allied merchants rounding the Cape continued to suffer heavy casualties. As these losses mounted, competing ethnic, cultural, and political factions within the Union began using the U-boat war as fuel for their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason, T. Raupp. Omar Fernández López. Annie Wright.

  With the rounding of Cape Horn in the late eighteenth century, pelagic whalers forever altered the landscape of the Pacific Ocean. The vast whale populations they found led to an exponential growth in ships exploiting the rich hunting grounds and exploring for sources of fresh food, water, and firewood. Locations of islands offering reprovisioning opportunities spread among whalers and visits were incorporated into seasonal movements. One such place that became well known for abundant sources...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Attila Dézsi.

This paper presents my PhD project which investigates the contested site of Gorleben, the iconic camp with 2000 inhabitants protesting against a nuclear waste facility, which was forcibly dismantled by the police in May 1980. Today it is a reference point for the German green movement and the sustainable energy discussion. In a multi-source approach, written accounts, photographs, excavation data and oral history are interpreted in a comparative perspective to reconstruct what happened (everyday...