Society for Historical Archaeology 2018

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Hutchison.

Introduction to the session.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathleen M. Sullivan.

The life of the Union Civil War ironclad USS Monitor is well known and its famous battle against the CSS Virginia well documented; but, there are still many stories to be discovered, especially those of the men who built the vessel in just over 100 days. Conservation of artifacts recovered from Monitor’s wreck site is ongoing at The Mariners’ Museum and Park in Newport News, Virginia. During the conservation process maker’s marks have been found on several objects from the ship’s engine room....

DOCUMENT Citation Only J David McBride.

The Beech Grove Confederate encampment, December 5, 1861 to January 19, 1862, was positioned so that it took advance of the natural defenses provided by White Oak Creek and the Cumberland River.   But an exposed area to the north and west had to be fortified with entrenchments and numerous earthworks.   These earthworks were recently better identified with the use of LiDAR mapping.  Archaeological trenching into an earthwork provided even more information about their construction.  

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allen Murray. Mallory Haas.

In 1914 A7 was on a training run and subsequently began her training dive, she was unable to surface again. Attempts were made to relocate her, but by that time all hands were lost, a total of 11 lives.  The Royal Navy was then unable to recover her, and she was abandoned.  Forgotten till sports divers relocated her in the 1970’s, then in 2001 A7 was designated a Controlled Site, under the Protection of Military Remains Act. Little was known of the wreck site due to a lack of monitoring of its...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chuck Meide.

In July 2015, during the city’s 450th anniversary celebration, a buried shipwreck was discovered off St. Augustine, Florida by the St. Augustine Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program, or LAMP. Test excavations in 2015-2016 revealed a remarkable amount of material culture, including barrels, cauldrons, pewter plates, shoe buckles, cut stone, and a variety of glass and ceramics. These tentatively dated the vessel to 1750-1800 and suggested its nationality was likely British but possibly...

DOCUMENT Citation Only C. Broughton Anderson.

Investigation into the lifeways of freedman George White suggest a successful businessman with the means to purchase and keep approximately 300 acres, to purchase and emancipate his family, and to build a safe community for his family and other freed slaves in eastern Kentucky.  However, documentary research revealed only small fragments about the female members of his family. The women are, for the most part, invisible.  This paper uses intersectionality as a theoretical lens to explore the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nathaniel R King.

A Swedish researcher wrote in 2014 that a group of artifacts found on Vasa belonged to the ship's barber. These artifacts included, a whisk, wooden ladles, a wooden mortar and pestle, a grater, a beer tap, a pewter flask, and a stoneware jar.  The barber surgeon is perhaps the most important crew member a ship can have.  A ship's barber surgeon was responsible for the treatment of diseases and injuries while the vessel is at sea, at times having to act as surgeon, physician, and apothecary,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Johi D. Griffin. Kathryn E Sampeck.

A crucial challenge in the public interpretation of Cherokee archaeology and cultural heritage is for Native community members to be able to inform the interpretation and presentation in every step of the process, from formulating research design, carrying out investigations, and the dissemination of the results. The emphasis in both formulating and interpreting cultural heritage work conducted by the authors is to use frameworks and approaches that start from Cherokee perspectives and goals....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luke J. Pecoraro.

Experiencing its heyday between the 1920s - 1960s, the Chitlin Circuit was the route between concert venues for black musicians and entertainers in eastern, southern, and mid-western America. Often located in African-American rural communities and segregated urban neighborhoods performers including Jimi Hendrix, Etta James, Gladys Knight, and Little Richard played on the circuit as they began their musical careers. The venues along the route frequently included other elements ranging from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph E. Clemens. Zachary S. Andrews.

The large labor force needed to operate an iron furnace in the late 18th and 19th century necessitated the workforce to live close to the industrial complex they operated.  Information drawn from the surviving structures at Catoctin Furnace, near Thurmont Maryland, along with primary sources such as oral histories, historic maps, company ledgers, and court documents, provides a comparative example for iron furnace villages in the area that are less well preserved.  Understanding the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catrina Cuadra.

For the colony of La Florida, life on the edge of the world was far from comfortable. Despite the hardships and dangers the residents of St. Augustine faced on a daily basis, they managed to find ways to amuse themselves. This poster investigates the distribution and spatial analysis of gaming pieces found in four colonial St. Augustine sites: Fatio, De Leon, De Mesa, and De Hita. These domestic sites span both the first and second Spanish periods and allow us to explore recreation and quality...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Byram. Jun Sunseri.

Earthen architecture has significant representation in building traditions across large temporal and geographic expanses, so everyone’s people at one time or another dabbled in this technology. Adobe, also known also as dagga, ferey, cob, and other names is a variant in which soil and other materials are formulated into discrete construction components, often in communities of practice for which adobe recipes, preparation, and application are integral to daily intersections of home and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley McCuistion. Victoria Gum.

Gloucester Point, located at the confluence of the York River and Chesapeake Bay in eastern Virginia, was considered a strategic military position during the Civil War. Confederate soldiers quickly recognized the importance of defending this location and constructed a battery along the banks of the river, from which the earliest shots of the of the Civil War in Virginia were fired. The Confederate army abandoned the camp a year later, and it was subsequently occupied by Union troops. The Union...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Heather Gibson. John Dietler. Alyssa Newcomb.

Archaeological research at San Gabriel Mission over the last decade has greatly increased our understanding of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Spanish mission enterprise in Southern California at a grand scale, illuminating the interplay between its key communities and industries. The archaeological discovery of a rare domestic context—the floor of a Native American house—allows us to explore issues of identity and production at a household scale. We examine material evidence related to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James P Horn.

The sweeping reforms of 1618-1619 introduced by Sir Edwin Sandys and the Virginia Company of London transformed Virginia and subsequently had an enormous influence on the evolution of British America. Most historians have failed to comprehend the significance of the reforms and what they portended, either because they have adopted the dominant narrative that revolves around Edmund Morgan’s paradox of slavery in the midst of freedom or because they have written off Jamestown as a colossal failure...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Kelso.

This presentation compares early English Jamestown and early French New Orleans, apparent historical apples and oranges, but in reality founded and developed in parallel ways. Established a century apart and by two European cultures, Jamestown and New Orleans went through similar rites of passage to establish a social and economic outpost at a safe distance from Spanish settlements. More specifically, the paper first reviews the Jamestown texts and artifacts that have revealed the townscape of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maxwell Sickler.

One of the rarest metals in the Americas, copper has long been traded across the North American continent by indigenous cultures who viewed the raw material as holding immense spiritual and social significance.  Native American societies from the Great Lakes to the Chesapeake Bay have fashioned copper into various objects that were often used by elites to uphold social distinction and maintain political order. Archaeologists studying indigenous groups have observed that the consumption of copper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jasmine Saxon.

The success of Connecticut’s industrial history found its beginning in the hard-working farmers and tradesmen of the early 17th century. The John Hollister site, located in South Glastonbury, Connecticut, provides a unique snapshot into the mid-17th century when successful economic activity began developing in New England. The tobacco business created an economic boom in the New and Old Worlds and was quickly associated with wealth and affluence. Comparing tobacco pipe fragments excavated at the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only P. Brendan Burke.

In 1874 a new lighthouse tower was completed in St. Augustine, Florida to replace an older lighthouse imperiled by coastal erosion.  A brick triplex constructed at the station in 1876 provided housing for light keepers and their families. From 1874 until 1889, Head Keeper William Harn and his family occupied the station, living in the Keepers’ House. Archaeology undertaken at the St. Augustine Lighthouse & Maritime Museum before, and during, construction work located a midden likely associated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anne E. Wright. Emily Schwalbe.

Circle Line V, previously known as Celt, USS Phenakite, USS Sachem, and Sightseer, and colloquially known as the "Kentucky Ghost Ship", is a grounded vessel off the Ohio River in Northern Kentucky that has become a popular attraction with kayakers and hikers. In addition to its striking appearance, the site is popular due to its reported history. Designed as a private yacht, it subsequently served in both World Wars, as a research vessel for Thomas Edison, and even as the backdrop in a Madonna...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenn Ogborne.

The Wing of Offices at Poplar Forest was excavated over the course of several years in the late 1980s and 1990s. Originally consisting of a kitchen, smokehouse, and possible laundry and storage spaces, subsequent owners of the property tore down the Wing and replaced it with two outbuildings. The re-analysis of kitchen related materials has demonstrated patterns of refuse disposal reflecting both the use of the space during Jefferson’s lifetime and the later occupation. Relationships to other...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Lavin. Hayden Bassett. Dan Gamble. Jonathan Appell.

In 1901, archaeologists excavating the 1617 Jamestown church uncovered a large black ledger stone engraved with the silhouette of knight in armor. The stone held evidence for once having monumental brasses inscribed with the deceased’s identity, coat of arms, and death date, yet these have never been recovered. Now, over a century after its discovery, recent archaeological investigations and research have revealed new clues confirming the identity of this interred individual. This paper outlines...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Watkins-Kenney.

March 1717, a slave ship, La Concorde, departs Nantes, France, for the New World via Africa.  November 1717, its voyage ends off Martinique, when pirates capture it. As a pirate ship, Queen Anne’s Revenge, its voyage continues through the Caribbean, via Charleston, South Carolina, to Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, where it runs aground in June 1718, and is discovered November 1996. Since then, much of the historical and archaeological research, and stories told, for state shipwreck site...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thurston Hahn III.

Archaeologists invariably blame the French for all of the ceramics laying about South Louisiana colonial period sites, even those dating to the Spanish colonial period.  But were the ceramics actually made in France?  Could they have been manufactured locally?  One Spanish period redware kiln has already been examined archaeologically in St. James Parish.  Indeed, not only did potiers, or makers of redware, work in the French colony of La Louisiane, so too did faïenciers.  This paper presents...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adam C Brinkman.

Labor was a core component of the early period (1598-1680) of Spanish colonization of New Mexico. After failing to uncover mineral wealth in their new colony, the Spaniards kept their colony afloat by focusing on another exploitable resource: Indigenous labor. Historical archaeologists (e.g Silliman 2001, 2004; Voss 2008) have recently been reconsidering colonialism from a framework grounded in labor relationships. We know that Pueblo Indians and enslaved Plains people were forced to work on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marco Meniketti.

From 1870 until 1920 the Loma Prieta timber mill ranked as one of California’s largest and most productive in terms of board-feet cut. Beginning operations a few years after the gold rush, workers were immigrants from many lands with aspirations for a better life than the one they left behind. The company clear-cut through ancient redwood forests in the Santa Cruz Mountains, providing timber for regional railroads, housing, and building of San Francisco. Following deforestation the region was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn Turney.

     There is a contentious history between Navajo families living in the Wupatki Basin, ranchers, and the National Park Service. The creation of the monument in 1924 gradually displaced indigenous residents from ancestral homelands, leading to loss of territory and connection to family. Here I focus on change in Euroamerican demands for land and federal management policies, as well as Navajo kinship, family dynamics, and oral history as told by descendants of the first Navajo settlers in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gerald F. Schroedl.

A landscape archaeology approach is used to examine the Orillon Bastion at the Brimstone Hill Fortress, St. Kitts (1690-1853).  Archaeological and documentary evidence record how the British military altered the number and kinds of structures within the Bastion and how they reconfigured their arrangements as the fort was enlarged, troop levels increased and were stabilized, and the military’s local and global strategic needs shifted during the fort’s occupation.  Initially used to house troops...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard L Carrico.

A comparison of  burial records from colonial Spanish  era San Diego with the results of archaeological excavation at the San Diego Presidio offers a unique opportunity to document life and death on the colonial frontier.  The written burial records list at least 209 persons buried at the presidio and the archaeological record provides information on 119 sets of remains.  A synthesis of the archaeological data, forensic data, and historical information provides new and important information...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Garrett Fesler.

Landscape, to some degree, is in the eye of the beholder. In the late summer of 1831 in Southampton, Virginia, enslaved African Nat Turner led one of the largest slave revolts in U.S. history. Devoutly religious, Turner believed God summoned him to violently rise up against the white master class to end slavery. Where once Turner had gazed upon a bleak rural landscape of captivity—farms, fields, and woods, intersected by dirt roads and footpaths, as he led his insurrection, Turner saw the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barbara Heath.

Laboring people, especially the enslaved, are often considered to be archaeologically invisible during the first century of settlement in the colonial Chesapeake. In this paper I focus on key aspects of landscapes—fields, forests, and rivers—to consider how a landscape approach can illuminate the daily practice of enslaved Africans and indentured servants in the 17th century. While the focus on productive labor was tobacco cultivation that underpinned the economy, alternate economies dependent...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Quentin P Lewis.

This paper introduces the session, and as a case study, explores utopias and utopian plans inspired by conservative thinking and principles as examples of spatial play and landscape experimentation. The growth of the internet has allowed for the proliferation of like-minded communities as well as the broadcasting of political ideologies and proposals. During the 2000s, anti-government enthusiasm proliferated into a number of proposals for separatist communities within the United States, founded...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James A Moore.

Forgetting is a cultural act.  Memories of burial grounds do not fade away bleached by time.  This paper explores the anthropology of forgetting: examining the role of burial grounds as meaningful places in cultural landscapes. The materiality of the burial grounds gives presence to descent, kinship, sodality and the generational transfer of wealth and property.  The eighteenth-century Moore-Jackson burial ground is such a place.  Over generations, Moore burial markers were placed to memorialize...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dwayne Scheid.

The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a relatively new unit of the National Park Service established by legislation in 1974, is located on the Upper Cumberland Plateau and includes land in both Tennessee and Kentucky. The historically remote and relatively inhospitable nature of the physical landscape of the Big South Fork contributes to the modern perceptions of the landscape and its people. The area has a long history of small-scale human habitation and evidence of the lives...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Dostal.

In January of 2016, the remains of an 18th century wooden ship were found during construction on the waterfront of Alexandria, VA. The ship was excavated and stored, and in June of 2017, the disarticulated timbers were shipped to the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University for documentation and conservation. To document the ship, each individual timber is laser-scanned, and the individual laser scans are being re-assembled in the nurbs 3-D modelling suite Rhinoceros 5. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin E. Smith.

With nearly 30 years of hindsight now available, my brief three years as archaeological field assistant at the Hermitage from 1988-1990 not only started what would become lifelong friendships with Larry McKee and Sam Smith, but also had significant and lasting impacts on how I approached the Middle Tennessee landscape, fieldwork, labwork, archival research, and archaeology in general over my career. Here, I will reflect on my personal "take away" from the distinctive methodological and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Hundley. Irini A Malliaros.

In 2017, maritime archaeologists from the Silentworld Foundation and Australian National Maritime Museum conducted a survey of historic shipwreck sites at Kenn Reefs, Australian Coral Sea Territory. The acquired data was utilised to build a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) project. Maritime archaeology was born of, and is continually improved by, technological advances. GIS has become yet another indispensible tool to the modern maritime archaeologist - integrating data ranging...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brianna Patterson.

In March of 1862, Confederate forces in Pensacola, Florida, decided to abandon the area to the Union forces occupying Fort Pickens, situated across Pensacola Bay. To keep all useful assets from the Union Army, the Confederates enacted what would later be known as a "scorched earth policy." As part of this strategy, Lieutenant-Colonel William Beard and his raiding party set out on March 10th to destroy all essential property associated with the lumber industry along the Blackwater and Escambia...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rani T Alexander.

The Caste War of Yucatán (1847-1901) is widely regarded a "successful" revitalization movement in the Americas. Construction of historical memories that emerged from the golden age of peasant studies in anthropology highlight redress of colonialism’s socioeconomic disparities, the birth of a new religion, and return to traditional lifeways, which recall the glories of the prehispanic era. But what is the basis of these interpretations? Were the entangled social, economic, political, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark U. Wilde-Ramsing.

Having directed the highly visible and dynamic Queen Anne’s Revenge Shipwreck Project for fifteen years, it seems that completely cutting ties when I retired wasn’t quite possible. First, came with on-going research and interpretation of the QAR bells with my son’s help. Second was an extension of my ties with marine geologists, who bring to bear ever-improving sonar, positioning, and computer technologies, to view how QAR wreckage is faring on the seabed. More recently, my work with a cultural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hilary Orange. Trent Bates.

This paper discusses a recent collaboration between Hilary Orange (lead on the 'Lighting the Ruhr' project, funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) and photographer / visual artist Trent Bates. During July 2017, we explored the links between industrial heritage and photography in the Ruhr region of Germany, meeting with photographers and members of photo clubs who photograph industrial sites at night and during the ‘blue hour’ - the time around twilight when there is still some light to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Skinner.

Material culture is a mediator between the living and the dead (Hallam and Hockey 2017).  Items used by the living can leave their mark osteologically, can follow an individual into a burial context, or can become part of an individual. Each of these actions leaves archaeological evidence of cultural communication. This paper examines the dialectical relationships between artifacts and osteology through an integrative analysis of the multilayered relationships between osteological data, artifact...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brianne E Charles. Eric Burant. Patricia B. Richards.

Of the over 2000 individuals recovered from the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery (MCPFC), approximately one-third are juveniles under the age of 20. Age categories for the MCIG juveniles were established using a variety of dental, osteometric and nonosteometric methods. The example of juvenile lot 10007, (dental age assessment 5 postnatal months, osteometric age 39 fetal weeks) recovered with diaper fabric, safety pins, and a small angel pin, suggests that a more refined look at juvenile age...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Worth.

The recent discovery and archaeological investigation of the 1559-1561 settlement of Tristán de Luna on Pensacola Bay, in concert with ongoing nearby excavations at the second and third Emanuel Point shipwrecks from Luna’s colonial fleet, has prompted new opportunities for research into the material culture of Spain’s mid-sixteenth-century New World empire.  In an effort to develop systemic linkages between the material traces left behind in different archaeological contexts, both terrestrial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ilan Kelman. Anne Garland.

Climate change has taken over a large part of the disasters and development agenda. In examining the theory behind climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation (CCA), disaster risk reduction (DRR), and development, it is apparent that climate change offers little new. Climate change is one factor amongst many influencing hazards, to be considered when improving development and reducing vulnerabilities. This conclusion is reinforced by seeing that actions on the ground to deal with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles R. Cobb. Gifford Waters.

Lithic data have received sparse attention in research on the Franciscan missions of Spanish La Florida. A re-analysis of the collections from three seventeenth-century interior missions reveals that Native Americans continued to rely on a diverse lithic technological tradition well after arrival of friars in their communities and the subsequent importation of metal tools. This pattern is also reflected in historical accounts where, for example, Native Americans were mandated to maintain quotas...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Kate Mansius.

Historical archaeologists often point to the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century as a catalyst for change in aspects of indigenous lifeways.  This is especially true concerning lithic technology, when the metanarrative often describes Native Americans quickly swapping their stone tools for the "superior" metal tools of Europeans.  Recent studies, such as Carly Harmon’s paper, Analyzing Native American Lithic Material Culture from 1600 to 1700 (2012), have challenged such thinking;...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patricia G. Markert.

This paper examines placemaking and identity in the Alsatian colonies of Texas. On the eve of Texas statehood, Alsatian migrants settled lands to the west of San Antonio. Displaced or disenfranchised by the turmoil of 19th century Europe, Alsatian families, often farmers, responded to advertisements by empresarios touting free passage, land, and opportunity in a "land of milk and honey." They arrived unprepared for the harsh realities of the Texas landscape, particularly life on the Republic’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jordan E Pickrell.

In 2016, Historical Research Associates, Inc., conducted archaeological testing at an urban site in the Cascade neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. Below 15 feet of fill, we identified an archaeological site dating to the early twentieth century. Data recovery excavations at the site focused on four features, including two intact privy shafts containing domestic debris deposited between 1905 and 1910. This paper provides an overview of the project from identification and testing of the site,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Colene Knaub. Robert Chidester.

From summer 2014 through spring 2015, The Mannik & Smith Group conducted Phase I and Phase III investigations of two partial city blocks in the Uptown neighborhood of Toledo, Ohio. The Phase I survey identified a total of 29 features, including building foundations and utility features associated with domestic occupations, commercial enterprises, and a hospital and representing deposits from the 1860s through the 1950s. Phase III data recovery excavations focused on 12 of these features, dating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Lash.

Common in the post-medieval period, annual ‘patterns’ or feast day celebrations of local patron saints remains an ongoing tradition in parts of rural Ireland. At times suppressed by the Catholic Church, pattern day activities typically involve visiting sacred monuments (e.g. wells, stones, trees, and medieval monastic ruins) to carry out a series of devotional practices. Such traditions represent the intersection of medieval heritage with both specific local conditions and broader historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin N. Zant.

The mid to late nineteenth century emergence of purpose-built sailing vessels to ply the Welland Canal was a relatively simple solution to meet the diverse demands of bulk cargo transportation in the Great Lakes. As such, ‘sailing canallers’ were an important economic link between the eastern and western United States, connecting economic and industrial landscapes of the Midwest with eastern markets, and fueling the expansion of major Great Lakes industrial centers. With few drawn plans, and no...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer McCann. Nicole Estey Walsh.

The Abiel Smith School, located on Boston’s historic Beacon Hill, was one of the oldest all-Black schools in the country and operated from 1834 to 1855. According to documentary evidence, the school was underfunded, mismanaged, and often at the center of debates about segregation. The Northeast Museum Services Center, in partnership with the Boston City Archaeology Program, is rehousing and researching the artifacts associated with the school that were excavated in the 1990s. The artifacts tell...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Mathews.

The La Bahia was believed to have passed in front of the Inn. Investigations never located the illusive trace. Plans to expand the parking lot created an opportunity to look on the northeast side; the backdoor to the Inn and dining room. Background research revealed that the Fanthorp’s residence was at the front of the Inn. If travelers departed the stagecoach at the front door they would have traipsed through the Fanthorps living space to get to the dining area. While many guests stayed at the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tamara Holman.

One of the many gold mining interests of Fairbanks, Alaska pioneer Tom Gilmore was a custom gold processing mill on Fairbanks Creek. The 5-stamp Allis Chalmers mill was unique to the district when it was installed in 1915. After his death in 1932, Gilmore’s widow continued custom milling operations. The Gilmore Mill was lost to history because the nearby McCarty Mill had been misidentified as the Gilmore Mill in a Fairbanks historic buildings inventory and repeated by multiple sources. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hunter W Whitehead.

Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola, renowned as the ‘Cradle of Naval Aviation’, has been a fundamental pilot training facility for the U.S. Navy since its establishment in 1914. Soon after, World War I ensured aviation would remain an important aspect of U.S. naval warfare, and lead to increased influx of prospective aviation cadets at NAS Pensacola. The next several decades of training led to hundreds of training accidents, some of which resulted in the loss of naval aircraft in waters offshore...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Agustin J Ortiz.

As part of NAS Pax Rivers heritage management responsibilities, Naval History and Heritage Command's Underwater Archaeology Branch (NHHC UAB) and partner entities have been conducting remote sensing surveys in the Chesapeake Bay and surrounding waters since 2015 in order to find its missing aircraft from the early 1940s and 1950s.  Several were lost at the advent of WWII as part of experimental testing, which lead to advancements in aircraft capabilities and flight safety. This paper will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A. Comer.

Catoctin Furnace is a community at the base of the Catoctin Mountains in Frederick County, Maryland, that descends from a thriving iron-working village. From the furnace’s foundation in 1776, European immigrants and enslaved African-Americans comprised its labor force, producing the iron tools and armaments that powered a growing nation until the furnace’s demise in 1903. From the Revolution until the mid-19th century, the iron furnace and associated agrarian enterprises relied primarily on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cassandra A Medeiros.

Moonshine stills are commonly discovered during archaeological surveys and excavations across the American South, where moonshine production holds historical economic importance. Stills are recorded occasionally, but little investigative research is done because of a prevailing assumption that they offer nothing of historical significance. I seek to demonstrate that this assumption is not correct. My major objectives include establishing a chronology and typology of stills, identifying...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brent Fortenberry.

Archaeologists and architectural historians have long argued that Charleston’s Town Houses and urban landscapes were social stages for the Lowcountry’s gentry classes. But beyond their roles as socio-cultural theaters, cities and town played myriad economic, symbolic, and defensive roles in early modern colonial society. The challenge is understanding the intersection of these interpretive themes as realized through material cultural and the built environment.   To begin to formulate more...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael P Roller.

For much of its early history, underground coal mining involved material conditions which encouraged the solidarity and control of its independent skilled workers. Coal operations in the Anthracite region of Northeast Pennsylvania were among the first, however, to mechanize labor processes with steam shovels, waste processing, and other technical means to extract additional surplus profit from their investments. It also served to break the resistance of organized skilled workers. This technical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Denise Jaffke. John Herrald.

On June 7, 2017, a diver from the U.C. Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory found a bow section of the Maggie Ross, a steam schooner that wrecked off the coast of Russian Gulch in August, 1892. The schooner was headed north from San Francisco when it struck a submerged rock near the former Russian outpost of Fort Ross. The captain was able to beach the foundering vessel at the nearest "doghole" port. This event was only the last of what was a tumultuous career for the ship. This paper will examine the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Platt.

Perched in a display case in the depths of the Charleston Museum in Charleston, SC is a seemingly out-of-place grass helmet, an artifact from Hawaii donated in 1798. At first, it may be unclear how this object has much to contribute to a museum with a mission focused on the history of Charleston and the broader lowcountry of South Carolina. However, the presence of this object in and of itself, and its itinerary that eventually brought it to America’s first museum (c. 1773) tells us a great deal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Haeden E. Stewart.

Recent archaeological work has highlighted how the objects archaeologists study—far from being inert representations of the past—are lively, political, and potent in the present.  This paper proposes that archaeological studies of the industrialized modern world must extend this reflexive turn to questions of ecological harm and pollution.  Drawing from my excavations of an early twentieth-century industrial worker’s camp in Edmonton, Alberta I investigate how the rise of industrial-scale...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ellen Chapman.

In the wake of a 2014 city proposal to construct a baseball stadium in the heart of Richmond’s historic slave trading district, the archaeological and historical importance of Virginia’s capitol is receiving unprecedented national, regional, and local attention. This has resulted in increased public and governmental pressure to perform excavations within the city, plan interpretive projects, enhance archaeological protections, and educate the public about their shared archaeological resources....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Morgan F. Smith.

In 1973, a small team of archaeologists and students made a startling announcement concerning the Guest Mammoth site, in Central Florida. Underwater excavations on the site in the Silver River yielded the remains of three Columbian Mammoths in direct association with lithic artifacts. Two of the bones bore cutmarks. The prevailing Clovis-first paradigm, inaccurate radiocarbon dates obtained from unpurified mammoth bone collagen, and the novelty of an underwater prehistoric site all led to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan M Duggins. Franklin H Price. Melissa R. Price. Ivor R Mollema. Neil N Puckett.

The likelihood for the existence of prehistoric sites on drowned landscapes of the continental shelf has been discussed for decades. However, the potentially devastating effects of marine transgression have sparked a debate about the types and characteristics of prehistoric sites that archaeologists expect to find offshore.  The Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research recently identified a prehistoric cemetery located in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Investigations at the Manasota...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thane H. Harpole. David Brown. Stephen Fonzo.

Decades of primarily compliance-driven archaeology at Gloucester Point has turned up dozens of buildings, hundreds of postholes, and numerous cultural features that document the rise and fall of this colonial port town and scene of two major military encampments and fort-building episodes. But this evidence has been recovered piecemeal, and it has been difficult to relate individual buildings and sites to town lots and their owners. Our current research involved extensive excavations along with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allison J.M. McGovern. Anjana Mebane-Cruz.

The rediscovery of a 20th century Montaukett home in what is remembered as an "historically-black neighborhood" sheds new light on the silenced histories of people of color on Long Island. While efforts are underway to preserve and restore the Fowler house and property, the authors are working with residents, descendants, and community members to understand the relationships that formed around this property, and throughout the Freetown neighborhood. In this paper, landscape and space are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert W. McQueen. Shaun Richey.

Digital mapping is the trending technology for just about any archaeological fieldwork project. While many universities (and their impassioned students) have access to this new technology and can play with it ad nauseam, its introduction to CRM projects is not as forthcoming as some would like (including CRM practitioners and nascent drone companies). Like all emerging technologies, questions abound about which technology to use, effective application for the task at hand, and most importantly,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaun Richey. Robert W. McQueen.

The use of unmanned aerial systems (aka drones) as part of archaeological survey is becoming more common. This approach holds promise for visually describing the complexity of mining landscapes at a level of detail not available to most aerial imagery. However, the methods and resulting data generated with this approach require closer scrutiny. The variety of technological options available for both the UAS, and for post-processing software, creates difficulty in developing a consistent approach...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Glenn J. Farris.

The Sacramento River as it flows through the Carquinez Straits into San Francisco Bay is an imposing body of water. Ocean going ships could sail a considerable ways upstream. Whereas early Spanish explorers provided rough, schematic maps of the river as far back as 1824, the first professional mapping was accomplished by surveyors aboard HMS Sulphur, commanded by Captain Edward Belcher in 1837. However, the map resulting from this survey was never published. Recent research at the United Kingdom...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aviva S Pollack. Robin Galloso.

The Converging Worlds project was so named for many reasons, including the initial goal of incorporating the diverse public, both visiting and local to Highbourne Cay, into the core functioning of the cultural preservation project. For decades, the Bahamas has seen its cultural heritage exported by outsiders for personal interest removing any possibility for community involvement and public archaeology. The authors worked to change this trend through outreach, public education, and cultural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Striebel MacLean. Shayleen Ottman.

The 2010 discovery in a New York museum of a photograph labeled "Slave burying ground, Hunts Point Road," launched a Bronx elementary school's innovative preliminary research project leading to the identification of the unmarked and forgotten burial ground’s possible location. The City Parks Department subsequently initiated a documentary and Ground Penetrating Radar study that confirmed the enslaved burials to be segregated across the roadway from the 18th-century burial ground of the Hunt,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tânia M Casimiro.

In early 1502 Vasco da Gama left Lisbon commanding an India Armada. During the voyage, the group of ships stopped in different locations along the West and East African coasts, such as Mozambique, finally sailing to India where they stayed until early 1503. Before departing back to Portugal, some of these ships remained on the Indian Ocean to disrupt maritime trade between India and the Red Sea. Two of those vessels, the Esmeralda and the São Pedro, wrecked off the coast of Oman in 1503. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nina Schreiner.

By law, permanent residents of French settlements were Catholic. Systematic Catholicizing of French North America was nominally successful, but lay religion retained unorthodox elements, including belief in powerful supernatural beings and the effectiveness of magic in daily life. This study briefly surveys folklore and ethnohistory from New France and Louisiana to shed light on such folk religious beliefs and practices, then moves to consideration of diverse forms of material culture associated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Landon. Christa Beranek.

Recent archaeological excavation has recovered the first intact features related to the early-17th-century Plymouth Colony settlement in downtown Plymouth, Massachusetts. This paper presents an overview of these investigations with a particular focus on the representation of Native Wampanoag lithics and pottery across the English features. These data are critically examined to assess whether this represents inclusion of Native materials from an underlying site or the use of Native technology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julie de Vos.

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the establishment of a new social and dictatorial order led by General Francisco Franco were heavily marked by and imposed through tactics of repression. My fieldwork at different points of Spain revolves around the materiality of repression and the interaction between this particular materiality and the local communities. In spite of the fact that this particular materiality appears to be dominated by absence and silence, in this paper I want to explore in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn E Sampeck.

The idea of "nation" in Latin America invoked discussions of ideal citizens. The colonial metamorphosis from social classification—the casta system--to racial thinking centered on defining places, social and geographic, for and by Afro-Latin Americans. In cases such as Cuba, political efforts aimed to end racism and build "raceless" nations, while others, such as Mexico, enthusiastically embraced indigenous heritage but at the same time elided or even rejected African descent, creating what...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul R. Mullins. Timo Ylimaunu.

This paper examines Donald Trump’s New York City apartment as a populist performance of affluence that simultaneously justifies ostentatious shows of wealth and defends idiosyncratic individual taste. Rather than reduce the grandiose penthouse simply to a transgression of "good taste," this paper examines a distinctive notion of material wealth that embraces pretentious and idiosyncratic expressions of style and affluence. In a conservative world that has often been characterized by stylistic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Titta Kallio-Seppä. Annemari Tranberg.

In this paper, we focus on early modern scents in the town of Oulu (Ostrobothnia, Finland) and the social and cultural significance of odors in societies. Written documentation reveals two basic sources of foul odors: urban ponds of waste and the smell of death produced by church burials. The world of smells had a more central and far more complex meaning in the past than today. In the process of urbanization during the 18th century, a more systematic and clean environment began to be more...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara Morrow.

How did people’s geographic position impact their access to material goods and necessities through trade and distribution within the 19th and early 20th century British world system? Throughout the 19th century an increasing distinction emerged between urban capitalist elites, the urban working poor, and a rural peasantry across Britain and Europe. While rural Ireland and Scotland were well connected to the urban economic centers of the United Kingdom, both nations were considered economically...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Penny Crook.

The systematic indexation of quality in mass-produced goods offers a new approach for historical archaeology and studies of consumption. The relative excellence of glass and ceramics sherds has proven to be a useful complement to traditional analyses of function, fabric and decoration when studying consumer choice at the household level. But does this approach suit the archaeological study of personal goods? Are the challenges of artifact preservation and assemblage diversification too great?...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Riina Veijo. Heidi Lamminsivu. Sanna Lipkin. Aki Hakonen. Tiina M. Väre.

The old parish of Tyrnävä in coastal Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, was in use from the 1640s until the 1890s. Two churches have been located on the site and the latest was burned down in arson in 1865. Several old grave memorials, mostly dating to the 19th century, are still present on the site. In 2017, a geophysical survey was performed on the site with ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer in an attempt to precisely locate the forgotten site of the burned church. During these studies,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay Montgomery.

During the nineteenth century, the United States had an "Indian Problem".  The problem was that Indians continued to exist despite rigorous efforts to erase them from the landscape through disease, violence, and segregation. To solve this conundrum, the U.S. government staffed and funded the Indian School System; a system comprised of residential and non-residential schools in which savage Indians were transformed into obedient citizens. Over the past several decades, archaeologists and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason Boroughs.

In 2013, Mount Vernon's archaeology department began a long term research project to locate the graves of enslaved and emancipated individuals interred within the African-American cemetery on the home quarter of George Washington's Mount Vernon estate.  Four years deep, dozens of graves have been reclaimed from new growth forest and the cemetery has taken on new life as a touchstone of memory and an interpretive vehicle for a diverse array of descendants, scholars, and visitors to the historic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Breanna M Wilbanks.

From Ireland to Fort Smith, the Sisters of Mercy parish was established by Bishop Andrew Byrne, along with five devout female recruits, to support the Church of Immaculate Conception which would be the first Catholic place of worship in what was considered the "wild" westernmost portion of the United States.The Sisters of Mercy site, (3SB1083) was occupied from its establishment in 1853 up to present day, where it hosts several schools, outbuildings, and a cathedral and acts still today as a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erik R Farrell. Kimberly P Kenyon. Sarah Watkins-Kenney. Kay D. Smith. Ruth R. Brown.

The collection of artefacts recovered from the 1718 wreck of Queen Anne’s Revenge (QAR) contains a broad array of items typical of shipboard life on a pirate vessel, as well as tantalizing, unique finds. While unloading and conserving the breech chamber for a breechloading swivel gun, conservators recovered 16 small fragments of paper, some bearing legible printed text. These fragments of text have been uncovered after nearly 300 years inside a cannon chamber on the sea floor, and conservators...

DOCUMENT Citation Only W. Stephen McBride.

One methodology used during the Beech Grove investigations was metal detecting, conducted by professional archaeologists and metal detector hobbyists working together.  The detecting resulted in the recovery of numerous artifacts, clustered in four main concentrations (A-D).  The artifacts recovered included machine cut nails/nail fragments, cast iron kettle/dutch oven fragments, horseshoe nails, horse/mule shoes, chain fragments, ammunition, melted lead, kitchen/table utensils, wire, strap...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael J. Meyer.

The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has been conducting archaeological excavations in the City of St. Louis almost continuously since 2004. Up until 2012, this work concentrated on properties dating from the mid-nineteenth through early-twentieth centuries. MoDOT’s field methodologies drew largely on previous work in Oakland, Boston, New York, and other urban centers, with minor alterations to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of the modern St. Louis landscape. Since 2013, however,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erika Davila. Elizabeth Latham. Grace Tsai. Robin Anderson.

Seventeenth-century cookbooks, sailors’ records, and data from archaeological faunal remains were used to replicate salted beef for the Ship Biscuit & Salted Beef Research Project. Samples of salted beef and brine were taken out regularly and tested for microbes at the USDA Agricultural Research Service laboratory in College Station, Texas. Our team, using selective plating techniques, isolated the microbes for downstream DNA sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene. This paper presents the taxonomic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diane Zentgraf.

Soldiers stationed at two remote Pacific Northwest military forts, Fort Hoskins (1856-1865) and Fort Yamhill (1856-1866), Oregon, led a monotonous life in the wet, dreary western Oregon coastal mountain range.  The repetitive nature of military life for these men was relieved by what was considered at the time a pleasure and a distraction, the smoking pipe.  Fortunately for these soldiers it was the peak of European and American manufacture of clay smoking pipes in variety, quality and artistry....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Regina M. Meyer.

When considering cultural landscapes, military installations are unique due to their development through continued use for defense-related purposes. As a result of this active use, military cultural landscapes continue to evolve, changing yet staying the same in terms of function. Many military installations such as Camp Clark and Camp Crowder in Missouri, contain a variety of cultural resources.  Maintaining the balance between the National Guard's military mission and heritage preservation can...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Noora Hemminki. Marika Hyttinen. Timo Ylimaunu.

In the 17th and 18th centuries several proto-industrial mills were established in the present day Finland, at that time under rule of Swedish kingdom. Around the mills grew up close-knit communities, consisting of mill workers and their families, which were controlled and ruled by the mill owners. This poster discusses two divergent Finnish early industrial communities, Pikisaari pitch mill community in the town of Oulu and Östermyra ironworks community in southern Ostrobothnia. We will compare...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Saul Guerrero.

One of the challenges in the historical archeology for the Mexican Viceregal Period, is to determinate the provenance and distribution of several goods which were recovered in archaeological excavations in the San Diego fortress, Acapulco, on the Pacific coast of Mexico. These ceramic shipping containers, generally referred in the historical sources as "botijas peruleras", were made for the transatlantic trade between the Iberian Peninsula and the New World since the sixteenth century. At the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carl Drexler.

The final military action of the American Civil War in the state of Arkansas was the campaign known as the Camden Expedition of 1864. Responding to local and state efforts to increase heritage tourism to many of the associated sites, archeologists in the state are now working to locate, delineate, and characterize the battlefields, camps, and civilian sites associated with the campaign. This multi-site effort requires conceptual tools that facilitate interpreting all sites together, not just in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hector Hernandez.

In the century after Independence, Yucatán experienced unprecedented industrial, economic, and social transformation derived from henequen production and export. During the presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911), an ambitious modernization project was launched to unify the nation. It fomented capitalist industrialization of all production sectors, the introduction of railroads, and the opening of new commercial markets. Yucatecan hacendados obtained federal concessions and invested in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chandler E Fitzsimons.

Fort Davis, a frontier fort in far west Texas tasked with protecting the Overland Trail to California and fighting Comanche, closed in 1891, leaving behind the ethnically and financially diverse town that had grown up around it. This community struggled to redefine itself economically in the years following the fort’s closure, only to find a new lease on life in the first decades of the 20th century as a tourist destination. In this paper, I examine manifestations of intersectional identity in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Hoffman.

  Between 1998 and 2002, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) archaeologists and experts from the U.S. Navy recovered approximately 210-tons of artifacts from the wreck site of the Civil War ironclad USS Monitor. Upon recovery, NOAA transferred all objects to The Mariners’ Museum and Park (TMMP) in Newport News, Virginia for conservation, curation, and display. Over the past 19 years, TMMP staff have made much progress in the conservation and stabilization of Monitor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robin Galloso.

South Texas’ coastline has an extensive history ranging from prehistoric occupation to trade and troop movements from both the Mexican-American War and American Civil War often focused on the local ports of Brazos Santiago/Brazos Island and Bagdad. Numerous destructive storms, such as northers and hurricanes, have impacted the south Texas coast and this paper explores the history of these sites and associated archaeological investigations. This includes the maritime site of Brazos...