PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The Blackwater Draw Locality on the llano estacado in northeastern New Mexico has been the focus of archaeological study intermittently over the past several decades. Analysis including both pollen and phytolith proxy records was undertaken to provide paleoenvironmental information for time periods it spanning from the Folsom occupation into post-occupational sediments. Four localities within this area were selected for the initial testing. In part, this testing was exploratory in nature to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Kendal Plantation, site 32BW788, Brunswick County, North Carolina, contains architectural features and artifacts associated with an eighteenth century historic settlement. Remaining architectural components include brick scatter and piles, as well as evidence of two chimneys, a cistern, piers, and foundations. Pedestrian survey collected ceramics likely used by homeowners and slaves, with mean dates ranging from 1720–1866 (Michael Trinkley, personal communication April, 2, 2015). Pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Four sediment samples representing buried A horizons at the Military Trail and Badger Hole sites in the panhandle of Oklahoma were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis to determine the extent of preservation. The Military Trail profile is located in Harper County, Oklahoma approximately 1 mile from the Jake Bluff and Cooper bison kill sites. The Badger Hole site is located approximately 300 m from Jake Bluff. Preliminary pollen and phytolith analysis of these sediments was undertaken to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Rhoda O Lewis.

Site 23DU227, located in Dunklin County, southeastern Missouri, is situated in a present-day soybean field. The area surrounding the site includes, in addition to the fields, a man-made irrigation ditch (Ditch 19) and Crowley's Ridge, which is covered with an oak-hickory complex. This forested ridge supports an assortment of broadleaf trees including white oak, northern red oak, chinquapin oak, walnut, butternut, beech, tulip tree, cucumber tree, basswood, and cedar. The ridge is currently...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site MU 125A is located near the south rim of the Grand Canyon and has no temporal cultural affiliation. Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on sediments from four terraces within an agricultural terrace system at this site. Pollen and phytolith analysis address identification of remains from possible agricultural use of these terraces.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A series of islands in the Snake River are examined for pollen and/or phytoliths to assist in identifying vegetation that can be interpreted to indicate the stage of emergence of these islands at various stages during the past. Stratigraphic sediments from each island are examined to provide a reconstruction of past vegetation. Phytoliths are examined from five separate islands to assist in this reconstruction.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sixteen pollen and phytolith samples were examined from the North Family Lot Site, 33WA407, in Warren County, Ohio. The site, occupying approximately four acres, was part of a Union Village Shaker community from the beginning of the nineteenth century through the early twentieth century. Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted to document land use within specific locations that will contribute to understanding overall land use patterns at the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four pollen and phytolith samples were examined from shell pits at 38CH1693. This site yielded four radiocarbon ages that indicate occupation between approximately 3720 ± 50 or 60 BP and 3930 ± 50 BP. A fifth phytolith sample was examined from a roasting pit at this site. These analyses were conducted to examine the microscopic record for prehistoric vegetation and potential uses of these pits. Whole oyster shells were recovered from all of the pits, although burned shells are reported only...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith analysis of stratigraphic samples from 23CK57 form the basis for understanding the Early and Late Paleoindian eras, as well as the Late Archaic through Woodland time periods. The hiatus visible in the record appears to have removed sediments that date between approximately 8000 and 3000 RCYBP, based on original assessments of the stratigraphy at the site. Radiocarbon ages between 1380 and 1210 RCYBP are reported in the upper sediment package.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Four samples of soil from eighteenth century flower gardens associated with Mount Vernon, George Washington’s plantation home, were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis. Two of the samples of soil are derived from a garden bed dating prior to the 1780's. The other two samples of soil are from a rectangular-shaped garden that dates slightly later than the garden mentioned previously to sometime during the 1780's to the 1790's. Analysis of the four samples of soil was conducted to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Site 48CA2834, a lithic scatter and campsite located on private land on the east and west sides of Holmes Draw drainage, was excavated over a period of years. A single sediment sample collected from a living surface observed at the site, located in Campbell County, Wyoming, was examined for pollen and phytoliths to identify economic activity on the surface.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three soil samples collected from the Custis Square house site (04BC), located in Williamsburg, Virginia, were submitted for experimental pollen and phytolith analyses to inform the sampling strategy for Colonial Williamsburg archaeologists. Three different depositional environments were selected for review. Pollen analysis was conducted on all three types of samples, while phytolith analysis contributed to understanding two of the contexts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Rigdon Meadows Site (35LA343) is located within the Rigdon Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest, Oregon. The site covers approximately three acres and extends beyond the meadow into the adjacent and surrounding forest. Both prehistoric and historic artifacts are noted at this site. Four stratigraphic soil samples were recovered from a test unit immediately adjacent to Rigdon meadows, and were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis. The pollen and phytolith record help...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Soil samples were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis to recover evidence for the possible cultivation of maize or other crops from a mesa top near Durango, Colorado. The samples were collected at the base of the duff and the top of a probable prehistoric ground surface. Collection depths were between 5 and 10 centimeters below the modern surface. All of the samples are from non-site areas that might have been used as prehistoric fields. Pollen and phytolith analysis was undertaken...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Sites 26847, 26852, and 13384 are located on the lower slopes of the volcanic peak of Hualālai in Kailua-Kona, Hawai’i. Ten fill samples from an open agricultural area, an agricultural wall, and a habitation/activity enclosure within these sites were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis. The goal of the analysis is to identify plant resources utilized by the occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CA2195 is situated in the rolling, grass-covered hills of Campbell County to the northwest of Pumpkin Buttes within the Powder River Basin. A single Late Prehistoric occupation (1130 + 70 BP to 1370 + 90 BP) is represented. Pollen and phytolith samples were examined from a stratigraphic column to obtain information cxancerning the paleoenvironment. Pollen was examined from feature samples and charcoal stains to identify elements of the local or regional vegetation that were utilized...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen are! phytolith samples were analyzed to interpret palecoivironmental conditions at 48NA1086. Two ooctpatianal components were noted, although radiocarbon ages (1740 and 2520 BP) were reported only for the upper component. All features were noted within this upper component. Eleven pollen samples were examined from a living surface, designated floor, arei features associated with Component 2. This analysis focused on interpretation of evidence for subsistence.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 22 soil samples were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis from the Workhorse Site, 48CA2892, located in Campbell County, northeast Wyoming. Radiocarbon dates from 4180 to 4890 BP indicate Middle Plains Archaic occupation of the site. During excavation of the site, a possible depression and bands of stained soil were observed. The goal of the pollen and phytolith analysis is to better understand the origins of these stained soils, and what type of natural or anthropological...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Pollen and phytolith analysis was conducted on three stratigraphic core samples from the Cayo Del Oso site (41NU2). The site is located along the northwestern shore of Oso Bay, Corpus Christi, Texas. Previous excavations have indicated that the site was a prehistoric campsite and cemetery. Radiocarbon dates from the test units and the burial ranged from 4400 BP to 1300 BP. Core samples submitted for analysis were derived from pond sediments (core 2) and dune deposits (cores 4 and 6). Pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Five sediment samples were collected from Upper Pleistocene, Missoula glacial outburst megaflood couplets from site 45GR2509, located above the Columbia River on the east side. These stratigraphic samples were examined for pollen and phytoliths to provide a paleoenvironmental record.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on four samples from agricultural terraces on Palau to address the function of the terraces in this area. Two terrace systems from two separate sites were examined from prehistoric earthworks in the volcanic uplands on the island of Babeldaob in the State of Ngaraad.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Two bulk samples taken from the arroyo profile adjacent to John Cotter Hole 13, located on the western side of the Lindenmeier site were examined for pollen and phytoliths. These samples were taken from the Folsom occupation stratum, and date to ~10,660 RCYBP. The goal of this analysis is to determine the presence and quantity of pollen and phytoliths for future sampling at the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two soil samples were examined from 310N235, a Late Woodland coastal settlement in Onslow County, North Carolina. These samples represent a trash pit and fill from a burial pit. Pollen and phytolith analysis were undertaken to identify plant foods exploited by the occupants of this site. In particular, maize appears to have been part of the diet as interpreted by the high incidence of dental caries and stable carbon isotope values returned from human bone. No macrobotanic evidence for maize...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

The Blue Mound site, located in Beaver County, Oklahoma, approximately five miles east and south of the Bull Creek drainage, was cored to recover sediments dating to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), approximately 18,000 radiocarbon years before present. The site includes an 11 m high silt dune, which overlies a playa. Two sediment samples were selected from the playa (lower) sediments in the core and submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis. Proximity of this site to those that have already...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig. Peter Kováčik.

The Skull Hearth Site (48CA214) contains Middle Plains Archaic, Late Plains Archaic, and Late Prehistoric campsites. One house pit (S2B4-F2) contained seven thermal features clustered and slightly offset from the center of the house pit that probably represent hearths and ovens. Fill from these the features was submitted and examined for pollen and phytolith evidence of economic activity. Three charcoal and two botanic samples recovered from S1B6-F1 and S1B7-F1 were submitted for identification.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three soil samples from the A and B horizons at the Beehive Site (18HO206) were examined for pollen and phytoliths. The site lies on the inner coastal plain at the base of a heavily eroded escarpment marking the edge of the Piedmont (Jeffrey Maymon, personal communication, March 2, 1995). Soil samples were examined to assess pollen and phytolith preservation and the potential for more in depth investigation in the future.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two cores were collected from two locations at the Ford Dry Lake Playa in eastern Riverside County’s Chuckwalla Valley, California. Remote assessment of the dry lake was made using Google Earth. Coring was conducted under the guidance of the Genesis Solar Energy Project Geoarchaeologist near two of the locations suggested by PaleoResearch Institute staff. Two cores measuring 25 feet each and consisting of drive intervals of 5 feet were submitted for analysis to provide a description of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four stratigraphic samples from 41HP159 were examined for pollen and phytoliths to assess the state of preservation of both of these data bases. Identification of pollen and phytoliths from these samples provides an assessment of the state of preservation, potential variation in the record, and hence interpretability of these data bases. Evaluation of the potential of future work including pollen and/or phytoliths at this location may be made from assessment of these samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Five companion pollen and phytolith samples were examined from site 32MO390. This Plains Village site is situated on the floodplain of Otter Creek less than 0.5 miles west of the Missouri River Valley. It might be affiliated with nearby sites 32MO40 and 32MO41. Conventional radiocarbon ages between 930 ± 40 BP and 340 ± 40 BP anchor the occupation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen and two phytolith samples were examined to evaluate preservation of these remains in the Boca Profile near Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This preliminary study was conducted entirely as a feasibility stuiy to determine applicability of further research.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fort Polk is located iii west-central Louisiana near the town of Leesville. The project area is located at the southern edge of the Hill Province (Gilbert/Q^nmonwealth, 1984:7). A "series ofuplifted bedrock surfaces variously covered by Pleistocene terrace deposits" (Gilbert/Q^rarosnwealth 1984:8) characterized this area. Complex drainages have incised the area during the late Quaternary. Site 16VN794 is located near Bird's Creek. Stratigraphic columns were sampled in both blocks A and B...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three paired pollen and phytolith samples were selected for analysis to test preservation at 41CC112. Analysis of these samples was undertaken to provide data that could contribute to interpretation of paleoenvironmental conditions and economic studies at this site, located within the Stacy Reservoir Project in Concho County, Texas. Presence and abundance of economically useful plants or families of plants was sought. In addition, pollen recovered from these samples provides information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A stratigraphic column was excavated through alluvial sediments at Site 42SM205 in northeast Utah and examined for pollen. This site is believed to represent a Late Prehistoric faunal processing area. Two modern pollen surface control samples also were collected from 50m east and west of the excavation block. Pollen analysis is used to provide information concerning past vegetation communities from which to reconstruct the paleoenvironment. Two large retouched flakes from the site were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Ten pollen samples and one protein residue sample were examined from Site 24RB975, an open campsite located near Colstrip, in southeastern Montana. A hearth from the Powers- Yonkee living surface at this site yielded a radiocarbon age of 3120 + 160 BP (Beta 96750). Pollen samples represent this living surface, the stratigraphic column above and below this surface, and off-site control samples. A pottery fragment was analyzed for possible protein residues in an effort to learn what foods...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Seven pollen and three protein residue samples were examined from a kiva and surface room at Site 5MT3892 in southwestern Colorado. The pollen samples represent primarily occupational proveniences associated with the occupation of this site, rather than the final event. Artifacts submitted for protein residue analysis are believed to have been used in the final event of human butchering activities associated with dismantlement of the kiva.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen and protein residue analyses were performed on material washed from a metate fragment recovered from Site CA-SBR-8251. A soil control sample recovered from beneath the metate also was analyzed as a control sample for the protein residue analysis. The site is situated atop Quaternary age deposits adjacent to the Mojave River, and near Victorville in San Bernardino County, California. The pollen record can provide information concerning floral resources available, and perhaps...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Two manos and one metate fragment from Site CA-SDI-5326 in southern California were washed for pollen and possible protein residues. This site is located within the northern limit of the City of San Diego and is believed to represent a temporary resource extraction and processing camp. Pollen and protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning plant and animal resources that might have been processed using these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

One mano for pollen analysis and two chipped stone tools for protein residue analysis were recovered from site 5EA1736 just east of Avon, Colorado. This site represents a prehistoric open camp/lithic scatter. Pollen analysis of the mano is used to determine plants that might have been processed using this tool. Analysis of protein residues obtained from a projectile point fragment and a flake tool will be used to provide information concerning animal resources that might have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry.

Previous pollen and protein residue analysis at the China Wall site examined a stratigraphic record extending from prior to 8300 BP to the present and recorded significant changes in local vegetation. In addition, pollen analysis of samples from features suggests that plants such as Cheno-ams, grasses, and prickly pear cactus might have been processed. Protein residue analysis pointed to bison, deer or elk, pronghorn, and possibly rabbit were hunted and processed. New stratigraphic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The China Wall site, 48AB1, is a multi-component campsite that yielded five features dating approximately 7000 BP. The site is located at the western end of Sybille Canyon in the Laramie Range in southeastern Wyoming. Ten lithic artifacts have been analyzed for possible protein residues to provide information concerning animal resources that might have been hunted and/or processed using these tools. Fifty-six pollen samples collected stratigraphically also were examined to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen and protein analyses were performed on soil samples and artifacts from the Upper Twin Mountain site (5GA1513), a bison bone bed associated with the Goshen Period. Site 5GA1513 is located on the south slope of Upper Twin Mountain and within the encompassing high montane basin, Middle Park. Four pollen samples were collected from a stratigraphic column that included the bison bone bed near its base. The environmental signal represented within these four pollen samples is consistent...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Site AZ N:7:81, located on the Yavapai-Prescott Indian Reservation in Prescott, Arizona, has been examined previously for pollen (Cummings and Moutoux 1998). Two additional pollen samples were examined to provide additional information. They represent sediments behind a rock alignment, which is now considered to be natural, so it can act as a subsurface control, and sediment behind Feature 1, a probable check dam. A bone fragment also was submitted for identification using protein residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Three sediment samples were examined for pollen from sediments in a stratigraphic profile at Cueva Pilote in Encantada Valley, northeastern Mexico. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify vegetation change through time in this area. Two groups of agave spines were submitted for protein residue analysis. The hypothesis under investigation is that the spines might have been used to tattoo people. If so, they should retain evidence of human protein residues.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Soil samples from unit fill and a probable hearth at CA-SDI-12,770 for the 4S Ranch Project in southern California were examined for pollen remains. These two samples also served as soil controls for a biface and an Elko projectile point examined for possible protein residues. This site represents a temporary campsite with a surface lithic scatter and a subsurface cultural deposit containing three features and numerous artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from eight archaeological sites located along Santa Maria Creek in Oak Country Estates, southern California, were examined for pollen and/or protein residue. Four stratigraphic pollen columns were examined to provide evidence concerning vegetation from the time of prehistoric occupation until present. In addition, several pieces of ground stone and flaked lithics were examined for evidence of food processing or procurement. Radiocarbon ages, ranging from 1800 BP to 1000 BP and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter. Kathryn Puseman.

A total of 14 artifacts were found on the surface and in looters' backdirt piles at six sites on land owned by the Shoshone Bureau of land Management (BlM) field office. These sites are located in Camas, Elmore, and Gooding Counties in south-central Idaho. A mano, three pestles, and five pieces of groundstone were washed for pollen and starches to provide information concerning processing of plant resources. Six soil samples were examined for pollen to provide control samples for the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A basalt metate from Site 35LK3035 in south-central Oregon was analyzed for pollen and possible protein residues. This metate was recovered from Cultural Component II, which has been dated between 6100 and 7880 RCYBP. Pollen and protein residue analyses are used to provide information concerning plant and possible animal resources that were processed using this metate.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

A large basin metate was discovered during mass grading at site CA-SDI-295 for the Woods Valley Ranch project in northern San Diego County, California. Woods Valley Ranch is a proposed residential and golf course community with surrounding natural open space easements. Large scrapers were used to transport soils from the northwest portion of the site to another portion of the project area, and the metate was found in the resulting spoils pile. Site CA-SDI-295 is a prehistoric residential camp...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

A brick-sized anvil stone was recovered from an Archaic house floor at Site 48001712 in east-central Wyoming. This anvil was washed to recover any pollen present that would indicate which plants were processed using this tool. The anvil also was washed to recover possible animal protein residues. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Protein residue analysis is used to supplement prehistoric...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Five pieces of groundstone or probable groundstone were submitted for pollen/starch and protein residue analysis to determine what animals and plants might have bee~ processed using these tools. Site 24HL1215 is situated on a low and narrow terrace overlooking the East Fork of Beaver Creek in Hill County, Montana.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Nineteen artifacts from Site CA-ORA-83 on Bolsa Chica Mesa in southern California were washed for pollen and possible protein residues. These artifacts consisted of cogstones, charmstones, handstones, and possible oblong cogstones/weights. Cogstones are often recovered from Millingstone sites along the southern California coastal strip, although no function for these artifacts has been determined. Pollen and protein residue analyses were used to help provide information concerning function...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Four pollen and three protein residue samples were examined from 48UT1984, a Uinta Phase Late Prehistoric pronghorn processing area. Radiocarbon ages indicate occupations around 1200 BP and 1700 BP. Pollen and protein residue analyses were conducted to provide information concerning use of a retouched flake, a chopper, and a piece of ground stone.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute. Kathryn Puseman.

Two pieces of groundstone from Site GL-2-1-94 were washed for pollen and protein residues. This site is an open air campsite located along Whitetail Creek. One of the groundstone artifacts exhibited two grinding surfaces; these two grinding surfaces were treated as two separate samples. Pollen analysis is used to provide information concerning plants processed using these pieces of groundstone, while protein residue analysis is used to address questions concerning use of animal resources.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Big Log Rock Shelter 2 (24LC 2039), which is located in the Big Belt Mountains of Lewis and Clark County, Montana, exhibits three occupational levels. Artifacts representing the McKean complex, Pelican Lake complex, and Avonlea complex have been recovered. It is likely that intermittent occupation span several thousand years. Pollen analysis of samples collected stratigraphically through sediments that represent the past approximately 4500 years, provide a record of local and regional vegetation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5RB3691 is located between the towns of Rangely and Meeker in western Colorado and is believed to represent the late Archaic Period . Five pollen samples were collected and analyzed from three pit features and a defined cultural stratum (Stratum 6) at this site. Two of the five pollen samples contained an insufficient concentration of pollen for interpretation. The remaining three samples provide information concerning possible plant resources processed at the site. Three artifacts...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

The Kahanahou WWPS Upgrade and Sewer Improvements Project area in Kāne‘ohe, which includes Site SIHP #50-80-10-0343 and SIHP #50-80-10-8820, is located in the district of Ko‘olaupoko on the windward (ko‘olau) side of O‘ahu. Site SIHP #50-80-10-0343 represents the Kalokohanahou Fishpond, a loko kuapā (fishpond with seawalls) likely in use by the 14th century (if not earlier) and filled in the 1940s for residential development (G. Farley, personal communication, 3 June 2019; Kikuchi 1972:9,213)....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Nine pollen samples were examined from site 35GR1507 on the John Day River near Dayville in Grant County, Oregon. These samples represent a column through a probable house (Feature 3) that yielded a radiocarbon age of 4370 + 70 BP, a sample from Feature 2, a hearth, and test samples outside the features. Pollen and starch analyses were undertaken to learn about prehistoric vegetation at the time of occupation and use of plants by the occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Site 48CA959, located in the Porcupine watershed, yielded several Late Prehistoric, small diameter, cylindrical pit/oven features. Calibrated radiocarbon ages reported for these features range from AD 390 to AD 1000. Five of the features were selected for pollen analysis in an effort to assist in identifying plants that might have been processed. In addition, four pollen and phytolith samples were examined from a stratigraphic column to obtain a record of local vegetation from slightly...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48LN2041, located in the Muddy Creek drainage between Kemmerer and Opal, Wyoming, was discovered as part of the Ruby Pipeline Project. It lies approximately 5 miles south of the Hams Fork. Four groundstone fragments, a whole metate, and four soil control samples were submitted for pollen and starch analysis for the purpose of providing subsistence information and interpreting cultural economic activities at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Searcher Site in Brewster County, Texas contains multiple archaeological sites that are being examined individually. Site 02-387 represents a Late Paleoindian occupation. A pollen and starch analysis of fill from this feature was undertaken to provide information concerning the paleoenvironment and the types of plants that might have been processed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SU2800, located in the northern portion of the Green River Basin, yielded evidence of an Archaic occupation. Radiocarbon dates of 3050 ± 40 BP and 3990 ± 40 BP are reported for two of the features. Four basin hearth features were examined to recover pollen and starches that would provide information concerning plants processed by occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Calabria Site in Fremont, California is a habitation site that contains a large, moderately disturbed midden and several burials. A flower pot mortar, located above the right arm of Burial 15, was sampled for pollen and starch analyses. This mortar is typical of the Augustine Period.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites CA-MEN-3638 and CA-MEN-3678 were recorded by Pacific Legacy as part of the Caltrans Willits Bypass Project and are located in Mendocino County, California. Site CA-MEN-3638 is a prehistoric cultural deposit situated on the northern cut-bank of Upp Creek in the western region of the Little Valley wetlands. A ground stone pestle (Sample 0256) recovered from Site CA-MEN-3638 was submitted to PaleoResearch Institute for pollen and starch analysis. Site CA-MEN-3678 is a prehistoric lithic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site NA 26053, a Prescott Culture site, is located north of the present town of Prescott. A metate was washed to recover pollen to identify plants ground, and two additional soil samples were collected nearby. All three samples were examined for pollen and starches to address food processing in this portion of the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A metate was recovered from Feature 1, a large storage pit that yielded a calibrated radiocarbon age of AD 1400-1450 on corn from the fill. This Late Plains Village or early Protohistoric site is located in a dune field between the Cimarron and Beaver River drainages in western Oklahoma. The grinding surface of the metate was washed to recover pollen evidence of foods that might have been ground.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A metate recovered from the Moneta Divide Housepit site in the interior Wind River Basin, Wyoming, was submitted for pollen and starch analysis. Radiocarbon ages for this housepit place occupation that yielded the metate approximately 5,390 + 40 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A metate collected at site 48SW13159 on the Lost Creek Pipeline Data Recovery project was submitted for pollen and starch analysis. The site lies within the Great Divide Basin just below the crest of Chain Lakes Rim.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

White Coyote Draw (5RB2215) is a circular stone structure containing a hearth. A radiocarbon date of 850 ± tp BP was returned from fill in the cultural level (Gardner and Clarke, 2001). Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to provide additional information concerning subsistence and/or local vegetation at the time the site was occupied.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A single pollen and starch sample from a small carbon stain (Feature 2) was submitted for analysis. Feature 2 yielded a radiocarbon age of 900 ± 60 BP. This site is located in the Cedar Breaks area within the Mescalero Sands of southeastern New Mexico.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Sites CA-SDI-7074 and CA-SDI-7060 are located approximately 3 miles west of the town of Jacumba, California, near the boarder with Mexico. Various types of stone tools and sediment collected from three features at these sites were submitted for protein residue, pollen and starch analyses. Analyses were undertaken to better understand the plant and animal resources utilized by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Paquet Gulch Bridge site is a large pithouse village. A single house pit was selected for pollen and starch analysis. This house pit was originally excavated and occupied approximately 2300 years ago, although it was occupied and reconstructed several times during the next approximately 1000 years. The occupation represented in this study dates to approximately 1390 BP. Pollen and starch analysis was undertaken to identify subsistence activities within the house pit. Various species of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Jaime Dexter.

Two fill samples from a hearth at site 5MF6175 in northwest Colorado were submitted for pollen and starch analysis. The site is believed to have been occupied during the Archaic Era, 400-6400 BC). These two samples will serve as indicators as to the value of future analyses for samples collected from hearth fill. Recovery of pollen and starches might identify possible plant resources available to the occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Twelve metate fragments and a single ceramic sherd from Swallow Shelter in central Colorado were examined to provide evidence of vegetal foods that might have been processed. These metates were recovered from levels 3 through 20, representing much of the stratigraphic sequence of occupation at this site. Radiocarbon ages associated with these levels range from 1100 to 3200 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR9375, located in the eastern portion of the Washakie Basin, includes several open-air, hearth-tethered activity areas. Radiocarbon dates of 5850 ± 40 BP, 5350 ± 40 BP, and 5760 ± 40 BP were returned on two hearths and an isolated feature, respectively, indicating occupation at the end of the Great Divide phase and beginning of the Opal phase of the Early Archaic Period. A piece of groundstone recovered from an activity area adjacent to Feature 9, an unlined basin hearth, and a control...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Groundstone tools from excavation units at site CA-SDI-1313/14791 on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in northern San Diego County, southern California, were washed to recover pollen and starches derived from processing activities. Various levels of unit fill were floated to recover macrofloral remains from subsistence activities, while three lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine plant or animal resources that were processed with these tools. This site contains a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Heathcliff's Site is a large open site exhibiting evidence of several living floors. It is located on an old terrace above Shitike Creek approximately two miles west of the Deschutes River in north-central Oregon. Pollen sanples were examined from living floors and house floors, as well as stains in an effort to recover evidence of subsistence activity. This pollen record includes at least some evidence of starches of a variety of shapes.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 41CV389 is located at the confluence of Cowhouse and Table Rock Creeks in Fort Hood, Texas. Two samples were collected from features and analyzed for pollen and starches to find evidence of economic activity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Controlled excavations within Keauhou 2nd Ahupua’a, Hawai’i exposed stone architectural components of prehistoric agricultural, habitation, and/or work areas. Soil samples were collected at the base of the excavations (atop the underlying basalt bedrock and beneath the architectural features). Pollen and starch analysis of the soils samples was undertaken to determine floral elements on the landscape and to identify any cultigens present.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A prehistoric open campsite, 48SU2326, located east of Sand Draw on a rolling plain, was excavated in association with pipeline trench construction. A cultural horizon (Stratum IIb) yielded evidence of a single occupation represented by numerous thermal basins (Brent Buenger, personal communication April 8, 2015). One modern surface sample and three stratigraphic samples, representing the cultural stratum and the strata immediately below and above it, were submitted for pollen analysis to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SW17760, located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, documents a prehistoric camp on the east side of a low hill that occupies the eastern side of an interfluvial ridge in the northeastern portion of the Washakie Basin (Matthew Kautzman, personal communication May 4, 2015). Open trench inspection of 2010 pipeline construction and subsequent auger, shovel, and test units identified features and artifacts, dated to 1280 ± 40 BP, or the Uinta Phase (Matthew Kautzman, personal communication May...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-three pollen samples were examined from five archaeological sites near Teasdale, Utah. These five sites are located along or in the floodplain of Cottonwood Creek.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

Sites 5DA3208 and 5DA3419 are located south of the town of Parker in Douglas County, Colorado. A 2017 excavation of Site 5DA3208 by ERO Resources revealed a multicomponent prehistoric open camp centered on a knoll overlooking Newlin Gulch (Marcus Espinosa, personal communication, November 21, 2018). Based upon identification of associated cultural materials, ERO suggests that Site 5DA3208 was most intensely occupied during the Late Archaic period. Additional evidence for Early Ceramic and Middle...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SU3993 exhibits three cultural components representing the Great Divide phase of the Early Archaic, the Opal phase of the Early Archaic, and the Pine Spring phase of the Late Archaic. Situated in the northern portion of the Wyoming Basin, this hunter-gatherer open camp represents multiple short-term residential camps. Pollen analysis of the modern surface, three stratigraphic samples, and nine thermal feature samples, as well as starch analysis of the same nine thermal feature samples,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SU595 is an Archaic housepit site occupied between 4636 and 5899 BP, accorded to corrected date ranges obtained from hearths. A stratigraphic column was examined for pollen to provide information concerning vegetation and the paleoenvironrrent and controls for interpreting sanplles fran housepits and features. Two housepits are represented by nmnerous sanples collected and examined fran the floors. Pollen and starch granule analysis was directed toward interpretation of subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48UT375 exhibits evidence of four human occupations, three of which range in age from Paleoindian to Middle Archaic, while the fourth remains undated. Stratigraphic analysis of twelve samples from site 48UT375, which yielded radiocarbon ages ranging from 4030 to 4220 BP for the upper component and 8300 to 8600 BP for the lower component, yielded a pollen record reflecting changes in local vegetation. In addition, examination of features representing the upper occupation provided a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two coprolites were examined for pollen and starch granules in an effort to identify use of wapato (Sagittaria latifolia), an important root food in the diet of Indians of the Lower Columbia River. Wapato has been documented as an "essential food staple and trade commodity of the Chinooken peoples" (Darby 1996). Evidence in the coprolite record for the presence of wapato should lie in the pollen and possibly starch granule record, since Sagittaria latifolia corms do not produce phytoliths.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The site of Gegharot is located on the Tsaghkahovit Plain, a small, roughly triangular intermontane plateau measuring a maximum of 10-12 km wide and situated between the northern slope of Mt. Aragats, the southwestern slopes of the Pambak Range, and Mt. Kolgat in central western Armenia. This is the smallest and highest of three major plains that nestle at the base of Mt. Aragats. Specifically, this site lies immediately north of Mt. Vardablur, a 300 m high weathered massif that rises above...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

As part of the excavation of the project area in Kahaluu Ahupua'a, sediment cores were extracted from open air water wells of unknown age. Three segments were sampled at various depths (between 17 and 35 cm) from two different cores and submitted for pollen and starch analysis. The sediment in the samples is composed of organic-rich loam with large seed pods and some detritus material visible (Trevor Yucha, personal communication, March 3, 2014).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith analysis of five samples representing three pits and two controls was undertaken in search of evidence of agriculture in these locations. Two of the locations samples are located approximately 200 m from the coast, while the third is located approximately 600 m from the coast.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

During excavation of a body at 91-2214 pollen samples were collected for examination to provide information that might address season of death or shed light an places that this individual had been prior to death. A sample of cloth recovered from the body, as well as a dirt sample from the ground in which this individual was buried were examined. The dirt sample acted as a control to provide information concerning pollen contained in the dirt in which the individual was buried and also to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single, large sediment sample collected at the Gault Site, 41BL323, in Texas was processed to recover pollen to be evaluated for a radiocarbon date. Only methods are significant, since no pollen analysis was conducted.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were examined from Core 7, which was extracted from the base of the excavations at backhoe Trench 1, in the central portion of Mokuhinia Pond. Sediments recovered from this core between the ground water table at approximately 110 cm below the present ground surface, and 175 cm below the surface, were examined for pollen. Radiocarbon ages that may be associated with these sediments range from 290 +60 BP (AD 1459-1681) through 3020 +60 BP(BC 1406-1111). Pollen analysis of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Two pollen columns and a single feature were examined for pollen from 5GA120B in Middle Park. Macrofloral remains and charcoal were also identified from the hearth. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide paleoenvironmental information specifically for the periods of occupation, such as Folsom, and generally for the Holocene, as well as identification of vegetation change at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. Pollen and macrofloral remains were analyzed from Feature 1, a hearth, in an...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman.

Six paired pollen and phytolith samples, as well as a charcoal sample and several fiber and bark samples, were examined from the Elmore Site (CA-IMP-6427) in the Imperial Valley of California. Pollen and phytolith analysis was undertaken to identify plants used by occupants of this site. Charcoal and fibers were recovered from a clothes-burning ceremonial pit associated with a burial. Identification of these remains contributed to identification of clothes and items burned in the ceremonial...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Cynthia Adkins. R.A. Varney.

Pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral, and protein residue analyses were conducted on numerous samples from a variety of archaeological sites in Ashley National Forest, Utah. Sites range In elevation from approxlmately 6100 feet to 9000 feet. In addition, a single shell was submitted for identification. Botanical analyses focused on recovery of information that might indicate economic activity. In addition, the pollen record was expected to provide information concerning local vegetation. A...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney. Chad Yost.

Four sites from the Ft. Bliss Project 560-007 yielded ground stone that was sampled for pollen and protein residue analysis directed towards recovering information concerning the use of these pieces of ground stone. In addition, one sample was submitted for charcoal identification. The sites are located on the basin floor between the Franklin, Organ, and San Andreas Mountains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Barbara Winsborough. Kathryn Puseman.

Six samples representing marsh, lacustrine, and outwash sediment deposits were removed from a core that was collected from a small tributary flowing south into Black Earth Creek just outside the town of Cross Plains, Wisconsin for the purpose of recovering pollen, diatoms, and macrofloral remains. Analysis of these samples was undertaken as a pilot study to examine preservation and the potential for recovering information about vegetation and the paleoenvironmental history of this area from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Barbara Winsborough. Kathryn Puseman.

Four samples from a core collected in marsh, lacustrine, and outwash sediment immediately outboard of the Last Glacial Maximum ice margin were examined for pollen, diatoms, and macrofloral remains. The core location is in south-central Wisconsin near the town of Mazomanie. The samples were widely spaced through deposits between 44 and 25 feet in depth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Samples from Site 5AH416 were examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. All but one of the samples were recovered from unlined, cobble-filled hearths. The site is believed to represent a large, prehistoric open camp. This site may be a multicomponent site. Late Archaic style projectile points were recovered from the Feature 5 grid block, while cord-marked ceramics and small corner-notched points suggest seasonal Early Ceramic period (Woodland) occupations. Pollen and macrofloral analyses...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik. Linda Scott Cummings. Cody Dalpra.

CA-SDI-7074 is located approximately three miles west of the town of Jacumba, California, near the border with Mexico. Previous analyses examined fill samples collected from 14 features representing fill from burnt floor surfaces, hearths, feature remnants, thermal features, and indeterminate features. Analysis of the fill from these features included pollen and starch analysis, as well as charcoal identification. Additional feature fill samples from 10 new features were submitted in January...