PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Paynes Creek Bluff, CA-TEH-2461/H, Tehama County, California, is a bluff-top site containing a rock wall, eight rock enclosures, and two rock cairns, as well as a historic wire fence (Eric Ritter, personal communication April 3, 2015). A metate, designated Feature 4, was recovered from Structure 5 (circa 1-2 cmbs) and submitted for pollen, starch, and phytolith analyses to provide information regarding plant processing. Pollen, starch, and protein residue analyses were conducted on a second...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Lithic tools and ceramic sherds were recovered from the Dyott/Gunners Run North site, 36PH037, located along the Delaware River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This site contains a significant historic component; however, the focus of this study is on analysis of prehistoric artifacts from the site. Two lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis. Three vessel sherds and two pipe stem fragments were submitted for pollen, starch, and protein residue analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Sites CA-SDI-13325 and CA-SDI-20979 comprise a moderately dense to dense artifact deposit of debitage, flaked, and groundstone tools. Situated along San Mateo Creek, within Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in northern San Diego County, California, these sites lie within the traditional tribal territory of the Luiseño Band of Mission Indians. Groundstone, feature fill, and flaked lithics were recovered and submitted for analyses including pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral, and protein...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

A stone pipe fragment was recovered by Lifeways of Canada from the Junction Site (Site DkPi-2), near the junction of Hwy 2 and Crowsnest Highway, 3 km west of Fort MacLeod in southern Alberta, Canada. Given its association with other cultural materials, Lifeways of Canada suggest affiliation with the Old Women’s Phase. Lifeways of Canada submitted the stone pipe fragment to PaleoResearch for pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

The Memorial Church Site is located in Jamestown, James City County, Virginia. During excavation of the 1906–07 Memorial Church in July 2018, Jamestown Rediscovery uncovered eastern and western foundations for the original 1617 church. Within the chancel of the 1617 church, a single graveshaft (JR4269) was recorded. Subsequently, Jamestown Rediscovery submitted two sediment samples (JR4269A.20 and JR4269A.22) to PaleoResearch Institute for pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral, organic residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark. Paul M. Miller.

No abstract released.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Peter Kovacik. Jammi L. Ladwig. Melissa K. Logan.

Samples from the Old Place Neck Site (A08501.002971) on Staten Island, New York, were submitted to undergo various analyses including charcoal identification and AMS radiocarbon dating, as well as phytolith, starch, pollen, protein residue, and/or organic residue (FTIR) analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). One ceramic sherd, accompanied by a soil control sample, was examined for evidence of food processing using pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Two sites (LA 161918 and LA 124525) are located on the East Mine property of Intrepid-Potash in southeast New Mexico and reflect Jornada Mogollon occupations. Site LA 124525 may also contain an Early to Middle Archaic (4000 to 2500 B.C.) component. A single lithic scraper from LA 161918 was washed to recover possible protein residues on the tool’s surface to indicate the animal or animals processed with the scraper. Fill samples from six stain features at site LA 124525 were submitted for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A coprolite from Luster Cave in southeastern Utah was examined for pollen, starch, phytoliths, parasites, and macrofloral remains. Luster Cave was originally excavated in the 1950s by Robert Lister, and is believed to contain two or three occupations in the Archaic, Formative (most likely Fremont), and possibly the Protohistoric periods, based on artifact types recovered. A MASCA corrected radiocarbon age of 1850 + 210 B.C. was obtained from a cist in the same level that the coprolite was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Two coprolites from the Chapman Caves collection were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, parasite, and macrofloral analyses. Chapman Caves, site CA-INY-1534, is located on the Naval Air Weapons Center (NAWS), China Lake, California, and consists of two small rockshelters/caves that had been previously excavated from 1967-1969 by Timothy Shaw Hillebrand. The two coprolites submitted for analysis had not been previously recorded and were recently found labeled in the Chapman Caves collection...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Ten samples were selected from a collection of 145 samples recovered during archaeological salvage excavations of the Market Street Chinatown in downtown San Jose, California, from 1985-1986. These ten samples were analyzed for pollen, starches, parasites, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains as part of a pilot study in the “Archaeology of the Urban Environment in 19th Century San Jose.” Excavations revealed features such as trash pits, wood-lined cesspools, wells, and open-air dumps. Most of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Two separate and distinctly different samples of coprolitic material from a midden pit at the Eagle Point Shelter (5RB4662) in Rio Blanco County, Colorado were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, parasite, macrofloral, and organic residue analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). One coprolite fragment appears to be human, while a smaller fragment appears to be canid. The combination of multiple analyses is used to gain information regarding diet and local...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Spotted Pony site (5BL82) is an Early-Middle Archaic campsite situated in a small grassland clearing along the middle fork of the St. Vrain River in western Boulder County, Colorado. Dates for the site average to 5390 ± 25 RCYBP, placing it with the Mt. Albion complex of the middle Holocene period (Jason La Belle, personal communication February 23, 2015). A milling slab and handstone recovered from the site were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, protein residue (CIEP), and organic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

The Saoyú Æehdacho National Historic Site is located on the southwest shore of Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Two lithic artifacts were recovered from the surface of a gravel glacial beach ridge along the west shore of the Saoyú (Grizzly Bear Mountain) peninsula. The Archaeology and History Branch of Parks Canada submitted the tools to PaleoResearch Institute for microscopic (pollen, phytolith, starch), protein residue, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The archaeology program at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park has uncovered historic and prehistoric deposits at the Lower Armory Grounds. Soil samples, projectile points, and ceramic sherds from these deposits were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and protein residue analyses. In addition, archaeoclimatic models were developed to provide insight into the climatic conditions of both the prehistoric and historic periods. The goal of this research is to better understand the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Samples from sites FB 492, FB 495, FB 1640, and FB 1665 on the Fort Bliss Army Base in Dona Ana County, New Mexico were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, protein, and organic residue analysis, the latter examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These analyses were undertaken to provide both an interpretation of the paleoenvironment and also of subsistence.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

The River Road Site (36BU0379) in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, was occupied by Late Woodland people. Sediment samples from a midden, a living surface, and stratigraphic stratum were submitted for pollen analysis to provide information concerning the past environment. In addition, artifacts and soil control samples were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, protein residue, or organic residue analyses specifically to provide subsistence information. Organic residues samples were examined using...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from two archaeological features at site CA-TEH-305 in north-central California were examined for pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains. The site contains a large, rounded midden of organic-rich sediment, flaked and groundstone artifacts, fire-cracked rock, faunal remains, shell, and human burials. Based on radiocarbon dates from similar sites in the area, the site is believed to date to the Late Period, no older than about 1200 years BP. Pollen and macrofloral analyses of fill...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from features at the Waldburg Street site, 9CH1039, in the northeastern part of Savannah, Georgia, were examined for pollen, phytolith, or macrofloral remains. This site is a medium-sized historic site that dates to the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Sampled features include an I-shaped brick chimney base, a midden area, a trash pit, two possible trash pits, a pit of unknown function, and the area beneath a brick pier. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will be used to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Eight soil samples from site 42CB1184, a historic homestead in central Utah, were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Originally patented in 1916 and occupied until the Great Depression, the Gaetano Morlano Homestead contains intact buried cultural deposits detailing the lifestyle of early twentieth-century homesteaders. Several areas were tested and sampled including a living surface, a brick oven, and a privy. The use of pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from 2000 and 2001 excavations at the Backhoe Village, site 42SV662, in central Utah were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and/or macrofloral remains. Individual charcoal samples were identified prior to submission for radiocarbon analysis. This site is a Fremont habitation site, with radiocarbon dates suggesting early to late Fremont associations. The Fremont are believed to have diverted water from local springs for farming. Pollen and macrofloral analyses are used to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter. Sanjay Eksambekar.

Site CA-MNT -307 is located in Monterey County, California. Archaeological investigations at this large site complex included the excavation of Locus 2 and Hole in the Wall Cave. Both of these areas have been associated with several artifacts, including a stemmed biface, lithic flakes, shell beads, and non-human bones at Locus 2, as well as shell, bone, flaked stone, fire-affected rock, charred seeds, and mortars at the cave. The site and its cultural resources are located within the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from two hearth features at site CA-SDI-9595 were examined for pollen phytolith and/or macrofloral remains. The fill of single hearth features at sites CA-SDI-14451 and CA-SDI-14452 also was floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. These sites are located in the Extension Area of the Torrey Pines State Reserve in Del Mar, California. Radiocarbon dates suggest occupation of CA-SDI-9595 around A.D. 1000-1200 and occupation of CA-SDI-14451 around A.D. 1200-1300. A calibrated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and macrofloral samples were collected from areas of midden deposits at the Hueco Tanks State Historic Site, 41EP2, in west Texas. The site was divided into 29 archaeological localities to provide convenient units for analysis and management. Time-diagnostic artifacts from these localities indicate that Hueco Tanks was occupied primarily during the Formative period (A.D. 200-1450), although one Paleoindian (10,000 to 6000 B.C.), several Archaic (6000 B.C. to A.D. 200), and a few...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter.

A single sediment sample from the beach at East Agana Bay in Guam was collected and examined for evidence of pollen and phytoliths. A bulk sample was submitted to recover organics for an AMS radiocarbon date. The project area is one of the last undeveloped land plots fronting the beach, and, as expected, archaeological excavations yielded evidence of both Latte Phase and Pre-Latte Phase cultures. The sediment sample submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis was collected from a black,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples recovered from two pit structures at Kay's Cabin (42UT813) in Utah Valley, central Utah, were examined for pollen and/or macrofloral remains. In addition, phytolith analysis was conducted on charred residue from a ceramic cloud blower pipe recovered from a pit in one of the structures. This site represents a late Fremont occupation of the area. Pollen and macrofloral analyses are used to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the Fremont occupants of the site....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Soil samples from two bell-shaped cache pits at the Hagan Village site, 24DW2, in east-central Montana were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Charcoal and wood from the larger pit also were submitted for identification. This site is a Late Prehistoric habitation site that has been subject to extensive disturbance from pothunting, cultivation, and grazing. Pollen and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide information concerning plant resources that might have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Four fire features, an ashy layer, and an area of possible cooking pot spill from various units at the Lewis and Clark Lower Portage Camp, site 24CH293, near Great Falls, Montana, were examined for pollen, starch granules, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. These. analyses will provide a record of vegetation and possibly indicate food resources utilized by the expedition at this camp. In addition, two fire features that appear to represent Late Prehistoric American Indian occupations were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Four fire features, an ashy layer, and an area of possible cooking pot spill from various units at the Lewis and Clark Lower Portage Camp, site 24CH293, near Great Falls, Montana, were examined for pollen, starch granules, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. These analyses will provide a record of vegetation and possibly indicate food resources utilized by the expedition at this camp. Additional fill from two of the features thought to be related to the Lewis and Clark Lower Portage Camp...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman. Laura Ruggiero.

Five samples collected from meadow sediments adjoining Waugh Lake were examined for microscopic and macroscopic evidence of vegetation. Results of this study will be compared to a previous pollen study of samples collected at closer intervals from a core at Waugh Lake. Site CA-MNO-2440 is located at the east end of Waugh Lake in eastern California. Single samples were examined from each stratum, with the exception of Stratum III, an organic level, that is represented by two samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Four soil samples from a continuous soil column and a paleosol remnant at the Jake Bluff site (34HP60) in northwest Oklahoma were examined for pollen and phytoliths as a preliminary to examine the condition of the pollen and phytoliths and make recommendations for future analysis. Two Clovis artifacts, one Folsom point, and two soil controls from the site also were analyzed for protein residues to identify animals that might have been hunted/processed with these artifacts. The remains of 15...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen, phytolith, and protein residue samples were recovered from Sites 42Ws4115 and 42Ws4113 in southwest Utah. These sites represent artifact scatters containing lithic tools, groundstone, and debitage. A mano from 42Ws4115 was washed to recover pollen, starches, and phytoliths to determine plant resources that might have been processed using the mano. A soil control in the vicinity of the mano and a general site soil control also were examined. A projectile point fragment from 42Ws4115...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 24 lithic artifacts and 3 pieces of groundstone were submitted from the West Blennerhassett site (46WD83-A) on the West Blennerhassett Island in the Ohio River, northwest West Virginia. Samples were recovered from horizons associated with occupations from the Late Early Archaic (c. 6470-6300 B.C.) through the Terminal Early Archaic-Early Middle Archaic (c. 6210-5430 B.C.). The groundstone were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and starches to provide evidence for processing...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Three hand millingstones from CA-Pla-163 in the Squaw Valley, California, were submitted for pollen, phytolith, protein residue, and x-ray mineral defraction analysis. All three pieces exhibited red staining. One of the millingstones was associated with a subsurface rock hearth or oven feature. Radiocarbon ages of 430 ± 40 BP (calibrated to AD 1420 to 1510 or AD 1600 to 1620) and 840 ± 40 BP (calibrated to AD 1040 to 1260) were returned for charcoal in close proximity to this millingstone....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five samples representing three different archaeological sites including Ain Abu Nekheileh (J701), J614, and J608, as well as a lacustrine exposure at Wadi Gharandal in Jordan were examined to recover pollen, phytoliths, and/or spherulites. This analysis focused on an evaluation of recovery and presence of these remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Irvine Lott Site (22SM723) contains evidence of at least six distinct occupations. Seven highly decorated Marksville sherds were noted during survey. Two ceramic pottery sherds and the living floor beneath these sherds were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and/or starch in an effort to both identify foods that might have been processed or stored in the vessel and garner information concerning activities on this surface. This vessel is associated with the Marksville (Hopewell) culture of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sample (14) was submitted for pollen, starch, and phytolith analysis from a pit exposed at site NP7. This pit yielded a calibrated radiocarbon age of AD 29-390, indicating late or transitional Pre-Latte Phase Marianas occupation. The pit is located at the edge of a wetland in the Miyama Hills. Modem vegetation includes Pandanus and Heterospathe palms.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site CA-KER-2049 is located in the southern San Joaquin Valley near Buena Vista Lake. A hearth was the focus of sampling. Pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis was conducted on two samples collected from the edge of this hearth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Jaime Dexter.

Two possible fired cooking clay artifacts and a soil control sample from site 45WH34 in western Washington were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starches. The site was excavated in 1972 by Garland F. Grabert and has been associated with multiple components ranging from 1030 BP to 4700 BP, indicating occupation persisted through the early St. Mungo (4500-3500 BP) culture phase. The clay artifacts were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths and/or starches that would aid in identifying...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pieces of groundstone recovered from the Diamond Bar project in the northeastern Los Angeles Basin were submitted for pollen, phytolith, and x-ray diffraction analysis to determine what substances might have been ground using these tools. In addition, a sediment sample was examined for pollen and phytoliths to provide a control for interpreting these records.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Barbara Winsborough.

Five sediment samples from Bishop Springs in Central Washington were submitted for phytolith and diatom analysis. Bishop Springs is located near or along the Columbia River. Phytolith and diatom analyses were conducted to indenty periods when this spring was active during the early Holocene.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Barbara Winsborough.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and diatom analyses were undertaken on samples collected from a backhoe trench and an excavation unit at CA-SIS-240 on the California/Oregon border in the Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge. These analyses examine various aspects of wetland development over the more than 7000 years represented. The stratigraphic column in the backhoe trench extends below the Mazama eruption. Although the past approximately 2000 years appear to be well represented in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Fill from a fire hearth at Fort Mandan in North Dakota was submitted for archaeobotanic examination. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses were conducted to identify any foods that might have been processed in this fire hearth. In addition, charcoal was examined both from the macrofloral sample and from charcoal picked out of feature fill in the field.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, charcoal identification, and/or PET (potentially edible tissue) analyses were conducted on samples from sites 51 NW103, 51NW117, and 51NW117W in the Whitehurst Freeway Project. These three sites are located at the confluence of the Potomac River and Rock Creek in urban Washington, D.C., and represent primarily occupations from approximately 1000 B.C. to the 19th century A.D. The various ethnobotanic analyses were used to provide information concerning plant...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Groundstone and sediment samples from the Cove Creek site, 10LH144, in north-central Idaho were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and/or possible protein residues. The floated light fractions from a fired rock feature and a shell midden also examined for macrofloral remains. This site is a multicomponent site with evidence for possibly three distinct occupations. Radiocarbon samples from the same area as the samples examined for this project date between 2500 and 3000 years BP. Pollen,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Artifacts from three sites in the Rancho San Miguel Project in San Diego County, southern California, were analyzed for evidence of pollen, phytoliths, and protein residues. Results were compared with findings in associated soil samples. Unit fill also was floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. The project area is located on the first low foothills rising above the coastal plain at the edge of a major seasonal drainage as it descends to the lower elevations. Pollen, phytolith, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from an Anasazi pit structure at site 26CK2605 in southern Nevada were submitted for pollen, macrofloral, phytolith, and/or protein residue analyses. Fill from a Late Archaic hearth also was examined for macrofloral remains. This site is very large and contains numerous loci and features. The pit structure and thermal pit were located in Midden 1 at Locus 1 in the vicinity of a spring channel. Analyzes were conducted to address questions of subsistence. Pollen, phytolith, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from five pit structures, two external pits, and a ramada excavated during the 2000-2001 field season in Locus 4 at the Black Dog Mesa Archaeological Complex (26CK5686) in southern Nevada were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, protein residues, and/or X-ray diffraction. A control sample from the site surface also was submitted for pollen analysis. This site is a large, multi component complex consisting of seven individual locus sites. Locus 4 contained a variety...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, protein residue, and/or X-ray diffraction samples were recovered from seven sites along the Kern River Gas Transmission Pipeline through southern California where it crosses the eastern and central sections of the Mojave Desert. Pollen/phytolith columns were examined at sites CA-SBR-140, and CA-SBR-264 to provide paleoenvironmental information. Pollen and macrofloral analysis of feature and unit fill at sites CA-SBR-6470 and CA-SBR-6605 will be used to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and/or protein residue analyses were conducted on two grinding surfaces and sediment from a hopper mortar at the Mortar Riddle Site, 35HA2627, in southeast Oregon. Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and protein residue analysis analyses are used to provide information concerning types of resources that were processed using this mortar. It was suspected that this piece of ground stone was used for processing animal products as well as plant products.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

Soil samples from various levels of fill in six buried prehistoric charcoal features at site CA-IMP-7911/H were floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. Following this, pollen samples from three of the features and two metates, as well as two phytolith samples from the metates were examined for evidence of plant processing. The metate from Feature 19u also was examined for protein residues. In addition, charred seeds and wood recovered from dry screening the feature soil were submitted...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A crescent artifact and a soil control sample from the Audie Murphy Site (CA-RIV-6858) in southern California were examined for phytoliths and possible protein residues to determine plants and possible animals that might have been processed using this tool. Pollen analysis was conducted on the soil control sample to recover an environmental signature. The site is located on several apexes of a hill approximately one mile south-southwest of Sun City on an elevated landform. A single...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux. Laura Ruggiero.

Five soil samples were collected from a buried A-horizon at varying distances from an antebellum house located in northwest Washington, D.C. (site 51 NW121). This area was part of Jenkins Farm. A large brick house was built on the corner lot in the 1820s. These five samples were examined to gain information concerning six specific research questions.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen/starch, phytolith, and macrofloral samples were removed from the fill of three fire features at site LA138576 in southeast New Mexico, while pollen/starch and phytolith samples were collected from sediment scrapes at the edge of two of the hearths and from the surface as a control sample. This site is a lithic debitage and tool scatter with three fire features located between Artesia and Loco Hills, New Mexico, and is situated within the Chihuahuan desert scrub plant community....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

The Connley Caves, situated on the west side of the Connley Hills, have been the subject of archaeological excavation several times. Five paleofeces (coprolites) were recovered recently, which were submitted for microscopic examination to identify elements of the diet and identify and evidence of parasites. Pollen, phytoliths, starch, and macrofloral remains were examined to inform concerning the vegetal portion of the diet. In addition, bones and fish scale were recovered and reported,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A single hearth and control sample collected from sediments outside the hearth were submitted from Site 48TE1 079 in Wyoming to identify food processing activities associated with this feature. These samples were examined for pollen evidence of economic activity. In addition, calculus on two bison teeth from 48TE1079 were examined for pollen and phytoliths to identify grazing activity. Impacta from a modern bison tooth in Pelican Valley, Idaho, also was examined for pollen, phytolith, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

The Godbey Field Site, 46Wd214, is a multi-component open air site located in Wood County, northwest West Virginia. Five groundstone artifacts dating from the Early Archaic to Middle Woodland periods were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starches in order to provide information regarding the local environment and plant resources available to the occupants of the site. Additionally, nine lithic artifacts associated with the Early to Middle Archaic periods were tested for possible protein...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Pollen and macrofloral analyses were conducted on numerous samples collected both inside and outside a shallow depression at the Zevon II site (42PI275), located near Circleville, Utah. These analyses focused on identifying plants that might have been processed by the Late Archaic to Early Formative or Fremont occupants of this site. In addition, the pollen record provides evidence of local vegetation at the time of occupation. Two human teeth found inside this depression were examined to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen, starch, phytolith, macrofloral, and protein residue analyses were undertaken on sediment samples from the eastern branch of an historic market in an area known as "Marine Barracks III in Washington, D.C. This portion of the market place was excavated and sampled for botanic remains and animal proteins during December of 2001. A portion of a brick sidewalk was noted along the outside of the market in the northern portion of the East Arm. Each stall appears to be separated from its...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. David V. Hill. Kathryn Puseman.

A mano was recovered during excavation of the Peppertree Heights Project in the city of Hemet, southern California. The site consists of a lithic scatter and bedrock milling features with multiple grinding slicks. This mano was washed to recover pollen, starch, phytoliths, and protein residues, and was examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). These analyses are used to determine plant and animal resources processed using this tool.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six pollen and two phytolith samples were examined to evaluate preservation of these remains in the Boca Profile near Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Ttoo of the pollen samples and the two phytolith samples represent stratigraphic deposits. One pollen sample was collected as a groundstone wash. Three pollen samples were also examined from hearths dating between 1120 and 1380 BP. Charcoal was also examined from these hearths for identification. This preliminary study was conducted entirely as a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

INTRODUCTION Soil samples were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral and charcoal remains from Site 44ST145 in Virginia. The site is believed to be a prehistoric site and consists of a large lithic scatter of varying density approximately 200 meters in diameter. A single feature was also examined for microfloral arxi macrofloral remains. Stratigraphic samples from various testunits were examined to determine whether or not activity areas could be identified. One date places use of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site B1, 36WH1729 is an Early and Middle Woodland site located on a first order terrace bench overlooking an unnamed tributary of Chartiers Creek, Washington County, Pennsylvania. This portion of the Ohio River drainage occupies the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province and includes narrow hilltops and steep-sloped, narrow valleys. Elevations within the APE have a range of 291–436 m (955–1430 ft) above mean sea level (amsl). The project area falls within the deciduous broadleaf forest...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Stone artifacts that include projectile points, metates, and a mano were submitted for pollen, protein residue, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis. These tools were recovered from the CA-SDI-5190 site complex at the Hidden Meadows community of northern San Diego County, California. The site is in an area of granitic bedrock, with drainages nearby. Native vegetation was likely a mix of chaparral and some arboreal species such as oak. Occupation of the site appears to be Late Prehistoric, and of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Sediment samples adjacent to eight fire-altered rock features at Sites CA-LAN-1777, CA-LAN-1780, and CA-LAN-3873 in southern California were examined for pollen to determine plants that might have been processed using these features. Charcoal samples collected within the features were submitted for identification to identify woods burned as fuel. AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from the charcoal to provide temporal information concerning use of these features. Charcoal also was identified...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Eight sites located on Ft. Bliss, including one open-air campsite and seven sites located in interdunal areas interspersed with blowouts are the subject of this study. All sites are located in Doña County, New Mexico and include LA 30023, LA 91050, LA 91057, LA 91067, LA 91136, LA 91143, LA 91153, and LA 92546. Samples from these sites were examined for pollen and organic residues, the latter using FTIR. Pollen analyses will be used to provide subsistence information concerning plant resources...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill from two features at Site 41BS611 in Big Bend National Park, Texas, were examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. Two ground stone samples also were washed to recover pollen/starches, while 20 flaked stone artifacts were analyzed for possible protein residues. This site is noted to be a large, open campsite containing stone-paved hearths and a lithic scatter. Diagnostic artifacts suggest Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, and Late Prehistoric occupations, while radiocarbon dates from three...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

An archaeological site located in the San Pedro River Valley, near Fairbank, Arizona, yielded two projectile points that were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify animals that might have been killed using these points. In addition, one of these points also was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in an effort to identify use of poisons. Finally, a single soil sample was submitted for pollen analysis. This sites lies in the Sonoran Desert...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Samples collected from sites FB 1610, FB 1636, FB 1643, FB 5814, and FB 8978, located on the Fort Bliss Army Base in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, were submitted for pollen, starch, protein, and/or organic residue analysis. These samples were examined, using a variety of techniques, to recover information about local subsistence strategies. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fourteen ceramics from the Reeders Creek West site, 28Me360, were submitted for examination of organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, four sediment samples were examined for pollen, while two projectile point–type artifacts and a projectile point base were analyzed for possible protein residues. This site is a Native American campsite located above the Delaware River in Mercer County, New Jersey. This stratified site contains Middle Archaic through...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A groundstone recovered from Site LA99695, representing a Late Archaic habitation in Sandoval County, New Mexico, was submitted for phytolith and starch analyses to identify foods ground using this tool. While examining this sample for starches pollen also was recorded. The sandstone metate was recovered from the floor of a dish-shaped pit structure adjacent to a hearth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Groundstone from six sites in central Nevada were examined for pollen, starch granules, and possible blood residues. Pollen and blood residue analyses address subsistence at these sites. Pollen analysis was undertaken on manos, metates, and groundstone fragments, while blood residue analysis was performed only on mortars and pestles. Pollen recovered from the ground surfaces may provide information concerning plants ground using manos and metates. Immunological studies have shown that blood...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

Archaeology along the Ruby Pipeline in Lincoln County, Wyoming, has recently examined sites 48LN1301, 48LN3997, and 48LN4114. Samples from these three sites were submitted for pollen and starch analysis or charcoal identification. The pollen and starch samples represent ground stone and paired soil control samples that provide valuable information when interpreting an elusive record of processing native or wild plants. Samples from each of these sites will be discussed separately, below.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three samples were collected from site CSH 2, a “pre-Contact to early 20th century wetland agricultural complex located within the ‘Ewa parcels of the Kuhio Collection at Waikīkī project area” (Raff-Tierney, personal communication, December 4, 2017). Samples were collected from three strata in Trench 7 near Walina St. The subsurface agricultural deposit comprises buried and abandoned lo’i deposits and basalt and coral cobble features. Natural vegetation is assumed to have been typical of coastal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from sites 42Ws1748, 42Ws4465, 42Ws4472, 42Ws4474, and 42Ws4718 in the Warm Springs Project area of Washington County, southwest Utah, were examined for pollen, starches, and/or macrofloral remains. Radiocarbon dates from the various sites indicate Archaic and Basketmaker II occupations between 840-770 Cal BC and Cal AD 30-220. Pollen, starch, and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide subsistence information concerning plant resources utilized by the various occupants of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Soil samples from cultural fill in five test units at Site 24CA1009 in Deep Creek Park, Montana, were floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. Three samples from Unit 4 also were examined for pollen. This site is situated around a spring and has previously documented prehistoric cultural use. Charred material from Level 2 of Unit 4 yielded a calibrated radiocarbon date of 2310-1955 BC (Beta-81033), which is derived from a conventional C14 age of 3740 + 60 BP. Pollen and macrofloral...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Site 5LA6493 in the Comanche National Grasslands of southeastern Colorado consists of a room block with six rooms. Charcoal from three of the rooms yielded conventional radiocarbon ages of 990 ± 40 BP (Room 1), 1080 ± 40 BP (Room 2) and 1090 ± 40 BP (Room 5). Various samples have been submitted at different times for analysis. This report is a compilation of the work done at these various times. Five pollen and three macrofloral samples were submitted and examined in 2005. Soil samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Soil samples from sites 420a545 and 420a791 in northeastern Utah were analyzed for pollen, starch, and/or macrofloral remains. Site 420a545 represents a Late Archaic and Fremont hunting camp and shallow rock shelter, while 420a791 is a Fremont and Late Prehistoric campsite with numerous brush structures. Pollen, starch, and macrofloral analyses are used to provide information concerning plant resources utilized by the various occupants of these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Two archaeological sites in Canyonlands National Park, southeast Utah, were examined. Site 42SA26111 consists of five small overhang rockshelters and a dense artifact scatter dating from the late Pueblo II and Pueblo III period. A groundstone from a rockshelter at 42SA26111 was washed to recover pollen and starches that would represent food processing. Site 42WN2658 is a single-room habitation structure with an associated artifact scatter with corrugated sherds suggesting a Pueblo II/Pueblo III...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from the fill of two features at the Hornby Creek Site (10BR14) in northern Idaho were examined for pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. These features consist of a small basin-shaped cultural feature and a large, shallow, fire modified rock (FMR) concentration with dark charcoal staining. It has been postulated that these features were used for plant processing, most likely camas. Radiocarbon dates from these features indicate occupation during the Middle period phase (ca....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter. R.A. Varney.

Samples were collected and examined from prehistoric sites 42DA1392, 42DC1859, and 42DC1861 in the Ashley National Forest of northwestern Utah. These sites represent multiple occupations of the area. Radiocarbon dates reflect Early Archaic and Fremont occupations at 42DC1392, with Late Archaic and Fremont occupations at 42DC1859 and 42DC1861. Soil samples from these sites were analyzed for evidence of pollen/starches and macrofloral remains. Charcoal was collected from macrofloral samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Sites LA 133205, LA 133206, and LA 155234 in northwest New Mexico were tested as part of the US 64 Data Recovery project. A lithic scatter containing a hearth (LA 13025) was assigned to the San Rafael Phase (ca. 3500-1800 BC), representing a Middle to Late Archaic occupation. A multicomponent site (LA 133206) included a prehistoric lithic scatter and two hearths, as well as a historic artifact scatter and modern corral. Site LA 155234 represents a Late Archaic lithic scatter with a thermal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A total of fourteen samples from hearth features at sites 5MF6871, 5MF6872, and 5MF6806 were examined for pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. These sites were encountered during well pad construction in Powder Wash, Colorado. Radiocarbon dates suggest Settled Period and Pioneer Period (both Early Archaic) occupations at 5MF6806, Settled Period and Aspen Tradition (Formative Era) occupations at 5MF6871, and Pioneer Period and Aspen Tradition occupations at 5MF6872. Pollen, starch, and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from the fill of hearth features at sites 5MF6871, 5MF6872, and 5MF6806 were examined to recover pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. Although most of the samples were submitted earlier in the year, an additional six samples from Features 12 through 17 at site 5MF6806 were submitted later for pollen and macrofloral analysis. These sites were encountered during well pad construction in Powder Wash, Colorado. Radiocarbon dates suggest Settled Period and Pioneer Period (both Early...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Bedrock mortars at 5LA11455, located in Las Animas County, Colorado were examined for evidence that they might have been used to grind maize.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pestles collected in the greater Alamosa and Great Sand Dunes area by a variety of individuals were examined for pollen, starch, and organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine the materials processed by these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Site 48CR8818 represents an Early Archaic housepit with three subfloor thermal basins. Radiocarbon dates indicate this housepit was occupied between approximately 5600 and 5850 radiocarbon years BP. One modern and one stratigraphic sample were submitted for pollen analysis and an additional stratigraphic sample was examined for both pollen and starch. Pollen analysis was undertaken to describe the vegetation communities before and at the time of occupation, while starch analysis was added...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Site 5GN2404, situated on a south-facing slope overlooking the Gunnison River Valley, was examined as part of work on the Blue Mesa-Skito Transmission Line. This large scatter of flaked lithic and ground stone artifacts also includes several thermal pits (Barb Lockwood, personal communication, August 11, 2010). Samples of ground stone and thermal pit fill were submitted for pollen, starch, and/or organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Sourdough I Site (48SW19463) is located 20 miles north of Wamsutter, Wyoming, in the northern portion of the Great Divide Basin. The site is situated on a land peninsula, extending into a dry playa lake bed. Site 48SW19463 exhibits seven features, four of which were sampled for pollen, starch, and/or FTIR analysis. Features 1 and 2 date between 1680–1730 BP, indicating an early occupation phase of the Late Prehistoric Uinta Phase. Features 4 and 5 date between 1070–1120 BP, indicating a more...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Ten combined pollen and parasite samples representing ten separate outhouses in Block 73 of Historic Phoenix were examined. The first building was constructed in 1883 and the outhouse samples represent depositions between 1883 and 1915. Pollen analysis was undertaken to learn about foods consumed and landscaping in the vicinity of these outhouses. These samples were examined for evidence of parasite eggs to address questions of health and hygiene.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four additional pieces of groundstone were recovered for washes during the Ghwair 1999- 2000 excavation season. In addition, a control sample and a fragment of plaster floor also were submitted for analysis. Pollen, phytolith, and starch analyses were conducted on these samples to identify evidence of food processing activity and local vegetation. Due to the difficulties in recovering a phytolith record from the last set of groundstone examined from Ghwair, the extraction process was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ghwair I is located along a major drainage to the Dead Sea in southern Jordan. The Pre- Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) village covers approximately 2-3 acres, dating to approximately 7700 BP. This village overlooks the confluence of Wadi Ghwair and Wadi Feinan, which then drains west to the Dead Sea. Pollen and phytolith samples were collected as washes from six pieces of groundstone. In addition, two Caprine teeth, recovered in Room 3, were scraped to obtain dental calculus to identify any...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A single soil sample from the Eden House Site (31BR32) on the North Carolina Coastal Plain was examined for pollen and phytoliths. Between the 1670s and 1740s this area was a plantation owned by families of European extraction, probably all English. The soil sample was collected from a root cellar in what was probably a quarter for enslaved African Americans. Evidence for cultivated food crops was sought in the pollen and phytolith records.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Site 36DA89, the Calver Island Site, is a stratified archaeological site with occupations in the Late Archaic Period, Transitional Period, and Early Woodland Period located in Pennsylvania. Originally identified in 1976, the site underwent Phase II and Phase III excavations beginning in 2004 due to the need to replace the Susquehanna River Bridge. Nine soil samples were examined, six of which represent a stratigraphic column, while the remaining three represent sediments from specific soil...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

An earth-oven was recovered from a project area that comprises Lot 147-R5 in Yona municipality, Guam. A single sample was collected from the fill of this earth-oven for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis to assess any evidence of economic activity. The hearth is dated to 1440-1530 CE, within the late Latte Phase of Marianas prehistory.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen, starch, and phytolith analyses were conducted on two sediment samples reflecting Cultural Levels 2 and 3 from 24YE26. The site is located along the Yellowstone River upstream from 48YE762 and in the general vicinity of 48YE252, which is a Iate Archaic Pelican Lake occupation. Pollen, starch, and phytolith analyses were undertaken to identify evidence of local vegetation and the possibility that plants might have been processed in the area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five combined pollen, starch, and phytolith samples were examined from Cerro Juanaquera, Mexico. Because previous pollen analysis at a different lab had determined that there was insufficient pollen to recommend further analysis, phytolith analysis was requested. Fortunately, this study was able to examine both the pollen and phytolith records. In addition, starches are recovered in pollen samples and are reported when they are present. In large part, this study functions as an examination...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Fifty combination pollen, starch, and phytolith samples were examined from seven archaeological sites on the Cedar Breaks Project, New Mexico. This project is located in the Mescalero Sands environmental area of southeastern New Mexico.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two manos from site 5GA9, an Early and Middle Archaic site in Grand County, Colorado were tested for evidence of pollen, starch, and phytoliths. This site is a large, open lithic scatter spread across the top of a terrace on the east side of the Blue River near the eastern foot of San Toy Mountain. These two manos were examined to provide information concerning plants that might have been ground using these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites 10AA0005, 10OE030, and 10OE262 are located on a terrace adjacent to the Snake River. Ground stone were submitted from sites 10AA005 and 10OOE030 for protein residue analysis to identify animals that might have been processed. Ground stone from sites 10AAA005 and 10OE262 were examined for their pollen and starch record of plants processed.