Intersections of Gender, Sexuality, Class, Race, Ethnicity, Age, Religion, the Military, etc.

The framework of "intersectionality" was coined in 1989 by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw for the intersections between racism and sexism, following theorizing and research on these intersections by Bell Hooks in 1984, Joan Smith in 1988, and others. In historical archaeology relationships between gender, class, ethnicity and race were first addressed in some papers in the 1989 SHA gender symposium organized by Suzanne Spencer-Wood. In the 1992 SHA symposium that became the 1994 volume "Those of little Note: Gender, race and class," editor Elizabeth Scott discussed the "interrelatedness" of these social categories and how feminists of color critiqued and corrected middle-class white feminists who universalized their experiences in feminist theories. The term "intersectionality" has been appropriated for analyses of a variety of relationships, sometimes not including gender. But gender is central to the framework of "intersectionality" with other social categories, so it is central to intersections discussed in this symposium.