Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions) 2017

DOCUMENT Citation Only Roni H. Polk.

In 1984, "Historical Archeology at Jamestown-A Legacy" was written, produced and directed by the presenter as part of a Masters thesis in Anthropology at the College of William and Mary in Virginia.  Preparation for the project included documentary research, correspondence with people who had worked at Jamestown in the past, preparation of interview questions, writing a grant application to the college for videotape, and arrangements to use the video equipment there to edit the interviews into a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan C. Hagseth. Grace Tsai.

The 17th century city of Port Royal, Jamaica was one of the most economically important English ports in the New World. Inhabiting the south side of the island, this defensive fortification protected the entrance to Kingston Harbour.  It is well documented that 17th and 18th century ships stopping at this economic center would often provision by hunting marine turtles.  Sold at the west market on High Street in Port Royal, these animals were also consumed locally. This paper aims to identify the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline Bourque Kearin.

The Royal Edinburgh Asylum was one of the leading institutions in psychiatric research and treatment in 19th-century Scotland and one of the first to institute programs of moral management. While derived from French and English models, the implementation of moral management followed a distinct trajectory at the REA and other Scottish asylums, reflecting their particular cultural and political context. My paper will examine how the material practices of 19th-century institutions emerged from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin E Eichelberger.

The 19th century U.S. Army was a hierarchically ranked subculture characterized by a caste-like system of institutional inequality.  Individual officers were commissioned into hierarchically ranked military classes, known as ranks, that were both authoritatively and socially distinct and within which each officer behaved in accordance with military discipline and a strict set of non-militaristic social norms.  This paper examines how commissioned officers at two mid-19th century U.S. Army posts...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Denise Jaffke. John W. Foster.

The Steamer Tahoe is the most celebrated vessel of Lake Tahoe’s historic past and represents the golden age of recreation and transportation in the region. She was launched with great fanfare on June 24, 1896 and spent the next 40 years in service around the lake. The S. S. Tahoe was scuttled off Glenbrook, Nevada in 1940 where she settled at a depth between 350-470 feet. A multidisciplinary team, including an online community, explored the wreck in June 2016 using an OpenROV drone to record...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin Zant.

The preservation and management of submerged cultural resources (SCRs), such as shipwrecks, is a difficult task that has been compounded in the Great Lakes region by the introduction of invasive species. Traditionally, cultural resource managers have had difficulty systematically monitoring and managing SCRs with limited time and funds. Structure from Motion (SfM) technology has proven to be a viable way to study long-term change in shipwreck sites, and as a way of systematically quantifying...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chafim Belson Braga.

This paper reviews the findings of recent archeological and archival work undertaken in two slave taking areas, potentially related to the origin of the slaves carried from Mozambique in 1794 on the ventually shipwrecked slaving vessel, São José.  Resulting from the triangulation of archival sources and previously conducted archeological surveys, we present the results of preliminary field studies of two "arringas" (fortified camps in the Mozambican interior associated with the slave trade) -...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith Hardy.

The National Park Service, as a partner in the Slave Wrecks Project, has begun a community archeology program at the site of the slave residences at the Danish West India and Guinea Company, St. Croix, in anticipation of the 100thanniversary of the transfer of the Virgin Islands to the United States. This program is part of multi-year effort combining underwater and terrestrial archeology with public engagement activities including educational and training programs, museum exhibits, professional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelly Jenks.

The rural community of Los Ojitos in Guadalupe County, New Mexico was settled in the late 1860s by the first generation of Hispanic homesteaders. Many of these founding families came from Spanish- and Mexican-era land grant communities where grantees shared the rights to common lands and the responsibility to build and maintain irrigation ditches and other public structures. In claiming homesteads in New Mexico’s Middle Pecos Valley, these families were forced to adapt some of their traditional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Lemke. John M O'Shea.

  Archaeology underwater has experienced a global renaissance both in terms of the rate of new discoveries and the number of scholars involved in the research.  This is particularly the case for the archaeology of submerged prehistoric sites, which has moved from a novelty to a major arena for understanding some of the most critical events in human history.  While investigations of shipwrecks and submerged sites share some common methods and technologies – they differ greatly in the kinds of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dean L Anderson.

In September of 1679, LaSalle’s vessel the Griffon went missing with a cargo of furs after setting sail from Green Bay in western Lake Michigan.  The wreck of the Griffon is perhaps the most sought-after shipwreck in the Great Lakes.  Many claims of discovery have been made over the years.  A recent claim has received a great deal of media attention, but archaeological evidence does not support the contention that the wreck has been found.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ross W. Jamieson.

The Pacific Ocean has been an imposing barrier to human travel since the first humans ventured into the region.  It has also been an important route of travel joining vastly different peoples that surround and inhabit it.  The Pacific takes up half the surface of the planet, and yet historical archaeologists have rarely taken the time to treat it as a single entity.  The "Atlantic World," "the Black Atlantic," "Atlantic Worlds" are our stock in trade.  But does the Pacific World exist?  If so,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn L Sikes.

What assumptions underlie archaeologists’ interpretive strategies for the public dissemination of research results? Could we be more effective at descendant collaboration and public outreach by applying best practices drawn from related disciplines such as museum studies, oral history, and historic preservation? Perhaps it is time to rethink our choices of media, language, web platform, content, and target audience in response to descendant requests and public commentary.  This paper presents...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joe D McMahan.

A 2012 archaeological survey by the Alaska Office of History and Archaeology, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Sitka Historical Society identified a site believed to be the 1813 camp of survivors from the wreck of the Russian-American Company ship NEVA.  Support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation allowed for background research and marine remote sensing.  In 2015 and 2016, with support from the National Science Foundation (Award...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ben L. Ford.

 PASST, the Pennsylvania Archaeological Shipwreck and Survey Team, was founded in 2013 as a collaboration between the Erie Regional Science Consortium, Pennsylvania Sea Grant, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and local constituents. The organization focuses on the submerged cultural heritage of the Pennsylvania portion of Lake Erie through education, outreach, and site documentation to inform divers and the general public of the importance...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allyson G. Ropp.

Colonial North Carolina, 1663-1730, was a poor colony in the British Empire. The landscape provided opportunities for pirates to establish operational bases. Besides Edward ‘Blackbeard’ Teach, numerous others roamed the colony. This study explores colonial North Carolina use as a pirate haven, analyzing historical and archaeological data sets within the broader context of a maritime cultural landscape. Maps showing known pirate bases are overlaid with colonial settlements to determine geographic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan Victor.

            Frontiers are creative, at times chaotic, places of the collusion and collision of ideas; as people encounter one another, as well as the geological and ecological forces of the physical environment, they forge spaces of meeting, interaction, dynamism, and change. These features are inherent to frontiers regardless of time period or geographic region. Having wrapped up the final year of excavations at the mining town of Highland City, Montana (1866-1890), I have compared the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Harding Polk. II.

Brothers James Hilliard Polk and Lucius Junius Polk banded together to form the Polk Brothers Livestock stockyards of Fort Worth.  Established in 1885 they were the first stockyard in Fort Worth.  They were located south of the present Fort Worth Union stockyards and situated conveniently at the intersection of two rail lines.  One notable contract they received was to supply the British Army with horses and mules during the Boer Wars in South Africa at the turn of the twentieth century.  Around...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael C. Murray. Fraser Sturt. Graeme Earl. Justin Dix.

Advances in multi-beam sonar have produced high density (and in the case of photogrammetry) textured, photo-realistic results of various underwater archaeological sites by rapidly capturing information in areas that are difficult or otherwise inaccessible to diving. In recent years, these technologies have been accompanied by underwater scanning, a method, which offers a step change in resolution, and consequently, significant interpretative potential. However, each method has inherently...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Crystal L. Ptacek. Donald Gaylord.

This paper analyzes and compares ceramic diversity and small domestic artifacts from two domestic sites located at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello plantation. During the first quarter of the nineteenth century, one site was the home of white overseer Edmund Bacon while the other was the location of at least one quarter for enslaved African Americans. Analysis of artifacts recovered from plowzone enhances our understanding of how one of Monticello’s white overseers’ personal items differed from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly A Morrell. Thomas A Crist. Douglas B. Mooney.

Philadelphia’s Blockley Almshouse served as one of the primary centers of medical education in nineteenth-century America.  Operating between 1835 and 1905, "Old Blockley" was served by some of the era’s most prominent physicians, including the "father of modern medicine" Sir William Osler, and Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States.  Excavation of one of the almshouse’s two cemeteries in 2001 revealed over 400 graves and thousands of anatomical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John C Aldridge.

Buttons and other forms of clothing fasteners are routinely found on 19th and early 20th century domestic sites.  Typically these objects are analyzed and presented in summary tables by material type, occasionally by form, rarely by size and implied function.  While signifiers of clothing – buttons, hooks-and-eyes and utilitarian studs are viewed in isolation and the clothing from which they are derived are not envisioned or interpreted.  A proposed new methodology is to treat button assemblages...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas A Crist. Michael D. Washburn. John H. Johnsen. Kathleen L. Wheeler.

Enver H. Hoxha was the communist leader of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985.  At first an avowed Stalinist, Hoxha later adopted an extreme Marxist-Leninist perspective that emphasized isolationism, atheism, and a strict socialist order.  Hoxha’s rule was also marked by executions of political opponents and religious leaders, human rights abuses, and widespread poverty.  One symbol of his paranoia was the construction in the late 1970s of a 100-room, underground anti-nuclear bunker. ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa A Iadanza. Mary Ann Owoc.

This project determined, using a Queer Theory approach, to what extent burial pattern, grave marker, and accompanying text and images reflected and reproduced presumed dominant heteronormative ideologies. Grave marker styles and text have highlighted the constant change in familial ideologies from the colonial period to the present. Burial and marker attributes from over 4,000 adults in cemeteries in Erie County, PA between 1880-2015 were recorded and examined. The results indicate that the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer McNiven.

This thesis asks how anomalies are to be approached within the larger paradigm of African-American archaeology through analysis of the Arcadia Mill Industrial Complex. The author compares historical and archaeological data from two possible slave components for functional similarities and differences. This is then considered alongside evidence from both plantation and non-traditional slave sites to determine what the most appropriate basis for material and theoretical comparison is. The author...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lori Lee.

This paper uses historical and archaeological evidence to consider which consumer goods were available to enslaved men and women in nineteenth century Virginia. At the scale of local markets and stores, supply and variable adherence to laws constrained which goods were available to slaves who were able to purchase and trade for them. By comparing purchases of enslaved African Americans with purchases of whites at the same store, I assess which goods were accessible to each group. I use...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chelsea M. Cohen.

When an earthquake struck in 1692, the shoreline of Port Royal, Jamaica, was interminably altered as the town fell to the sea. Using integrated GIS and 3D modeling, this project aims to reconstruct the pre-earthquake shoreline of Port Royal in elevated space. Historical maps and archival data are georeferenced to align the old shore with remaining features, allowing for an outline of the former area. From there, bathymetric data as well as archaeological excavations are used to extrude...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amanda E Balough. Bryan Mitchell. Mark D Groover. Christine Thompson.

Urban landscapes were active environments in the past that present unique challenges during site investigations.  During summer 2016 students and staff with Ball State University conducted excavations at the site of Fort Recovery, an early Federal period fort constructed in 1793.  Site investigations in the town lot consisted of two GPR surveys and the excavation of a ca. 40 square meter area.  Field results revealed the town lot was intensively used from the 1790s to the 1940s.  Based on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah A. Grady. Esther D. Read.

During the eighteenth century, Port Tobacco was a bustling port town located along the Port Tobacco River in Charles County, Maryland. Today it is a small village with few surviving structures and no commercial establishments. Between 2008 and 2011, systematic archaeological survey of the town defined the locations of many of the town’s early buildings. We recently began a new phase of research within the remains of a print shop. Our current excavation builds on earlier work and allows us to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason, T. Raupp. Melissa Price. Kelly Gleason Keogh. John Burns.

The 2015 documentation of a wrecked tanker at Maro Reef and its subsequent identification as that of the United States Naval Ship Mission San Miguel makes an important contribution to both the maritime heritage and ecology of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Despite the fact that the American military’s critical need for petroleum led to the construction of scores of tankers, this site represents one of the few extant examples of this important vessel type. These unglamorous, yet hardworking...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay Bloch.

Ceramics analysis, particularly the identification and dating of ware types on historic sites, structures our inferences in critical ways. However, our ware types and production date ranges are sometimes built on incomplete information about the origins of these wares. The Coal Measures region of Great Britain, encompassing production centers such as Staffordshire and the major port of Liverpool, was the source for a variety of earthenware products, both coarse and refined during the colonial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicole M. Weber.

23SC2101, also known as the Louis Blanchette Site in St. Charles, Missouri, is a multi-component site with both French Colonial and Native American levels. Lindenwood University discovered two outbuildings on the site, and two Native American features. Field schools partially excavated the floors of the outbuildings, discovering what are probably Native American artifacts in one of these.  The Native American artifacts found at the site are possibly linked to Blanchette’s Native American wife,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Pruitt.

In the history and archaeology of early Chesapeake gardens, there is an absence of the ladies. This paper seeks to reframe the discussion of "scientific gardening" to address the ways that assumptions about gender in the present can skew the presence of women in the past. It was not uncommon for the ladies of the house to be in control of the greenhouse and kitchen gardens of plantations. Despite this commonly female involvement in the cultivation and experimentation of plants, scientific...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Margaret A Comer.

This paper will compare and contrast tangible and intangible forms of memorialization and commemoration at two ‘dark heritage’ sites from the period of the Soviet Union’s Great Terror in the late 1930s. Both the Butovo firing range, near Moscow, and the 12th Kilometer, near Yekaterinburg, are mass graves of Soviet citizens shot during Stalinist repression. Both are now sites of individual and public remembrance, with mass ceremonies occurring several times each year. However, the narratives of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mike Whitehead. Ben L. Ford.

Fort Necessity National Battlefield commemorates the July 3, 1754 confrontation between British Colonial forces led by Lt. Col. George Washington, and an army of French soldiers and allied Native Americans in present day Fayette County, Pennsylvania.  Although Fort Necessity was little more than a hastily fortified storehouse, the resulting engagement was a significant event in the life of Washington and was a prelude to the French and Indian War.  This paper presents a summary of ongoing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Elizabeth Ibarrola. James Davidson.

For three summers University of Florida researchers have worked at the Bulow Plantation, a large sugar plantation in East Florida founded in 1821 and destroyed by fire in 1836 during the Second Seminole War, in an attempt to understand the parameters of enslavement at that site.  In 2014 and 2015, the UF Archaeological Field School completely exposed the footprint of Cabin 1; relatively few artifacts were recovered, including an almost complete lack of buttons, beads, and other personal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Yoon Kyung Shim.

The forced dislocation of West Coast Japanese Americans to incarceration camps during WWII deeply affected community formation, leadership, and livelihoods. The dislocation had barely been carried out when the War Relocation Authority (WRA) conceived and put into action a program of controlled (re)movement east. This "resettlement" did not play out as administrators had hoped. This paper traces the resettlement of Japanese Americans in Chicago during and immediately after the war (1943-1950),...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Theotokis Theodhoulou. Brendan Foley. Dave Conlin.

In 1900, Greek sponge divers stumbled upon what was to become one of themost iconic and fabulous shipwrecks ever found in the Mediterranean close to the tiny Greek Island of Antikythera- the Antikythera shipwreck.  Over the course of several perilous months of diving, despite  numerous episodes of the bends and a fatality, the divers recovered a treasure of Classical bronze and marble statuary and the famous Antikythera Mechanism- the world's oldest known mechanical computer.   Since 2013,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel M Cuellar.

Indianola, Texas was the commercial gem of the western Gulf of Mexico during the height of its existence, from the late 1850s until its abandonment in 1887. Responsible for much of the commerce entering western Texas and the western territories via the Gulf of Mexico, Indianola has been largely overlooked archaeologically, despite a high potential for the presence of a significant amount of cultural materials.  A team of archaeologists from Texas A&M University, the Institute of Nautical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only pete regan.

Mulberry Island, a peninsula on Virginia’s James River and home to Joint Base Langley-Eustis’ Fort Eustis, is a trove of cultural resources. Among its more than 230 archaeological sites are dozens of indentured, enslaved, and tenant laborers’ ephemeral homesteads. Relatively few sites associated with its economically advantaged minority have been discovered on Mulberry Island, leaving a gap in the archaeological record compounded by the loss of antebellum public records during the Civil War....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lotte E Govaerts.

The 1803 Louisiana Purchase included most of the present-day states of North and South Dakota. I study the US colonization of this area, particularly the Upper Missouri Basin. During the mid-twentieth century the Smithsonian’s River Basin Surveys (RBS) program investigated several nineteenth century historic sites associated with the earliest US presence in the area including fur trade posts, US military and government establishments, and sites associated with US settlement. I study RBS...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen E. McIlvoy.

In the early decades of the nineteenth century, Southern plantation owners sought to incorporate time consciousness into their production methods in a bid to enter the emerging industrial capitalist economy of the United States. However, mechanical time, regulated by the clock instead of nature, was at odds not only with the natural cycles of the sun, but also with the very institution running the plantation economy: slavery. History documents that plantation managers attempted to use clocks,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amber J Grafft-Weiss.

Field schools offered by the University of Florida between 2006 and 2013 yielded exceptional potential to understand the lifeways of enslaved Africans who lived and labored at Kingsley Plantation, located on Fort George Island in Jacksonville, Florida (1814-1839).  In 2013, excavations included a high-density deposit discovered in front of a slave cabin. It resembled an ordinary trash pit in some ways, but also contained some objects that have been associated with ritual or religious activity in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace Tsai. Megan C. Hagseth.

Salted beef has been referred to by a 19th-century historian as the "food of sailors," and was the staple of the naval diet between the 16th to 18th centuries on all European vessels—nearly every shipboard account from this period mentions salted beef being eaten on board. Although also consumed on land, it was especially important at sea, where food decayed at faster rates and fresh supplies were often unavailable for long durations. This paper explores shipboard salted beef from an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Kelly.

Saint Domingue was the most important European colony of the Caribbean region, producing vast amounts of wealth through the labor of enslaved Africans and their descendants.  It was also the setting of the only large scale slave revolt that succeeded in overturning the slavery system.  In spite of this importance to Atlantic studies, African Diaspora studies, and historical archaeology, very little substantive research has been conducted on sites associated with the dwelling places of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean-Sébastien Guibert. Marine Sadania. Noémie Tomadini. Jean-Jacques Maréchal. Franck Bigot.

In 2015 a first campaign led to the identification of the Saintes Bay’s wreck as the Anemone, a French schooner built in 1823 in Bayonne and used as a custom ship in Guadeloupe. It was lost in Saintes Bay in September 1824 during a hurricane. The second campaign focused on gaining a better understanding of the site. Test trenches were opened that looked to exposing the wreck structure to enable a more precise recording of the timbers and gain a better interpretation of shipbuilding techniques of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte Goudge.

  The typological and scientific study of trade beads in Native American contexts has contributed a great deal to understanding contact period sites (ca. 1607–1783). The Cape Creek site, NC is a perfect example of British-indigenous connectivity in the contact period and is important for understanding interaction in the Southeast. Unlike other studies of this type that mostly focus on mortuary sites, Cape Creek is a village settlement and will therefore provide a different view of day-to-day...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean Lammie.

Initially excavated in 1980, the historic cemetery at Fort Brooke (1824-1883) contained the remains of 146 soldiers, white settlers, Seminoles, and African Americans. Very little analysis of these burials exists beyond identification to determine group affiliation, age, and gender. This paper looks at Seminole deathways, which persisted and represented a discord with the Anglicized burials of white settlers and soldiers. An analysis of grave goods might provide insight into the organization of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace Tsai. Christopher Dostal.

The basic concepts of brewing beer have remained unaltered for several centuries, but many other trends such as the ingredients and methods to brewing that affect beer’s alcohol content, nutritional value, and taste, have changed since the 17th century. This paper covers a short history of beer-making in the 16th and 17th century and how past brews differ from present-day brews. The experimental archaeology procedure for replicating historical beer today is also recounted to understand the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Fogle.

The late antebellum period witnessed the rise of an agricultural reform movement aimed at revitalizing the southern plantation system. Soil degradation from intensive cash crop cultivation contributed to the decreasing productivity of once prosperous farmland in many southern communities. Drawing on Enlightenment principles and scientific farming innovations such as crop rotation, fertilization, and soil chemistry, this progressive agricultural discourse attempted to maximize the efficiency of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tricia Dodds. Matthew S. Lawrence. Deborah Marx.

California’s Sonoma Coast is a rugged and beautiful seashore with a wealth of natural resources extending from kelp forests to redwood groves. Humans have interacted with this marine environment for thousands of years; it has shaped their lives and they have left their mark on the landscape. During the mid-19th and early 20th century, the Sonoma lumber trade greatly affected the coastal environment as it contributed to the economic development of the American West Coast. In 2016, California...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph A. Downer.

This paper discusses how ESRI Story Maps can aid in the interpretation of archaeological sites to both the public and professionals alike. Story Map technology offers us a way in which to share archaeological data and narratives to a global audience by incorporating text, high-resolution photographs, videos, and interactive maps into a user-friendly, web-based application. As a component of ArcGIS, Story Maps enable users to employ a vast amount of geospatial tools, conduct detailed analysis,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily A. Schwalbe.

This presentation examines the tension between nineteenth-century Southern gender expectations of upper-class femininity contrasted with the necessities of wartime. It will assess whether this tension is evident in the material record by analyzing the cargo of Confederate blockade runners entering the affluent ports of Wilmington and Charleston. By examining the cargo from blockade runners, as well as looking at historical records, this presentation will draw conclusions about what women wanted...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zachary J Harris.

There is no singular theoretical model that explains the life cycle of the Cuban chug. Its creation as a single use vessel is singularly unique to boat construction. The vessel must be strong enough to withstand and ride the Florida Current, constructed of materials that are readily available to the average Cuban citizen, and be able to be transported and launched quickly to avoid detainment by Cuban authorities. Once a chug reaches the territorial waters of the United States its passengers will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David J. Breitkreutz.

The colonial settlement of Hanna’s Town is a vital connection to Pennsylvania’s frontier history. The significance of the Hanna’s Town site to regional heritage is represented by the effort expended by the Westmoreland County Historical Society on archaeological and geophysical projects that have taken place at the site since 1969. However, after numerous investigations, questions remain about layout of the Hanna’s Town settlement. This proposal suggests a model for the investigation and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew C. Greer.

Despite decades of archaeological research on enslaved communities, few studies have directly addressed the impact of the forced movement of Black women and men between sites of slavery.  Such relocations could dramatically alter the lives of enslaved individuals by removing them from their existing social networks and inserting them into a new community where such connections would have to be created anew.  While ongoing excavations at Belle Grove Plantation (Fredrick County, Virginia) are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Regina M. Meyer.

When considering cultural landscapes, military installations are unique due to their development through continued use for defense-related purposes. As a result of this active use, military cultural landscapes continue to evolve, changing yet staying the same in terms of function. As a military base, Camp Clark has been in operation for over one hundred years and boasts the oldest National Guard rifle range in the state of Missouri. Camp Clark was established on April 28th, 1908, as a result of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher K Dvorscak.

As the University of West Florida continues to survey Pensacola waterways, many new anomalies have been discovered.  One of the most significant is a 105’ long sidewheel steamer, which was located in the Blackwater River using side-scan sonar.  The shipwreck’s three distinct sections – the bow, boiler, and propulsion-related machinery in the stern – remain mostly intact.  The most indicative of the artifacts examined are bricks associated with the boiler that have the name "KILLIAN" impressed on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert DeMuth.

The coal company towns found throughout West Virginia and Central Appalachia were compact, racially diverse communities housing African Americans, white americans, and various european immigrant groups.  However, when the industry contracted after World War II, racial firing practices meant that many African American families were forced to leave the area. These newly vacant lots were often repurposed for further industrial use, effectively destroying the material record of many of the African...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa A Agnew.

The San Antonio Missions were established along the San Antonio River in the 18th century by the Spanish in order to convert the native populations to Christianity and to buffer the French settlements to the east. These colonial institutes brought Spanish Catholic priests and indigenous groups together under one roof, merging cultural practices and beliefs. The missions are now a UNESCO World Heritage site and a vital part of San Antonio’s history and tourism industry. This paper presents a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bert S. Ho. Kelly Gleason Keogh.

In June of 2017, the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Midway will occur as archeologists begin the first dedicated project to discover the sunken aircraft at the atoll involved in the battle. Often considered as the turning point of the Pacific Front in World War II, Midway has been difficult to study archaeologically because of the remoteness of the location, and the difficulty in surveying around the treacherous reefs that surround it. Efforts to locate submerged aircraft have been made...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle M. Damian.

Spring 2016 marked the first time maritime archaeology was taught to undergraduates at Harvard University. No diving was required for this introductory class, so in order to give the students the experience of researching and identifying a "wreck site" the class partnered with the Peabody Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology. The museum collection contained a number of models that were not on display due to space constraints. The class therefore used the museum ship models as substitutes for an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay A Kiel.

The neophyte housing complex of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, one of the five Spanish missions established in the San Francisco Bay Area during the California Mission Period, was excavated between 2012 and 2014. Excavations unearthed numerous refuse pits that contained a variety of artifacts including large numbers of faunal remains. Feature 157, the focus of this research, was made up of three distinct multi-use pit sub-features that contained the remains of a variety of fauna. The assemblage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kerry Nichols.

The historical record offers only brief references to the village of Sha’chahdinnih or Timber Hill as the last Caddo settlement in the traditional Caddo homeland. Unfortunately, not long after its abandonment in the early 1840’s, its true location was lost to historians. In 1998, the combined efforts of archival and field researchers succeeded in locating a site designated as 41MR211, and believed to be a possible location for Timber Hill. In the interest of confirming the identity and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Hughston.

This paper explores the usefulness of employing theories of place in illuminating the nuanced experiences of Native children in the late 19th and early 20th centuries at Stewart Indian School in Carson City, Nevada. Stewart Indian School was established in 1890 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the goal of stripping surrounding Washoe, Paiute, and Shoshone children of their tribal identity through the imposition of Euroamerican education and vocational training. During the last two centuries,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katlyn R Likely.

Lindenwood archaeology students have been excavating a pre-1960s university trash dump. Finds include glass shards with a breakage pattern originally hypothesized to be artistically cut glass.  With no evidence of wear from cutting, we undertook heating experiments and now interpret the glass shards as being the result of thermal breakage, possibly due to trash burning. 

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cathrine M. Davis.

This presentation will seek to highlight the use of lead seals ("bale seals") as documentary artifacts that reveal pertinent information relative to the varieties of cloth and merchant networks once connected with archaeological sites. Used in the 17-18th centuries to mark merchandise, especially cloth, these metal tags are found in Europe and at European colonial sites, where they remain as silent witnesses to the markets and consumers of the past. Their markings and imprints give us a glimpse...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mateusz Polakowski.

Three-dimensional technologies have provided new ways to record, reconstruct, and distribute the information gathered during fieldwork and subsequent study. This paper will overview the ongoing methodologies used to document and interpret the Egadi 10 ramming warship through theoretical reconstruction in Rhino and Orca3D as well as the importance of using contributory reconstruction to produce new research questions. It will also discuss how additional recording techniques, employed during the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard Veit.

Cemetery studies have been an important minor chord in historical archaeology since the discipline came of age in the 1960s.  Generations of students have learned about seriation by reading Deetz and Dethlefsen’s seminal works on colonial New England tombstones (A project  where Bob assisted with the fieldwork).  More recently, many other historical archaeologists: Baugher, Brown, Cippolla, Crowell, Heinrich Mackie, Mytum, Stone, Tarlowe, and this author, have trod in this same well-worn...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lily E Carhart.

During his lifetime, George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate spanned 8,000 acres and encompassed five separate farms, four of which were used for large-scale cultivation of field crops. The exception was Mansion House Farm, where the only cultivation consisted of kitchen gardens, vineyards, and some agricultural experimentation. Yet a substantial number of iron agricultural tools have been found archaeologically. This study addresses the anomaly by focusing specifically on the agricultural hoes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jon H Budd.

Over the last twenty years, the Texas Department of Transportation has conducted extensive historical and archeological research uncovering forgotten aspects of the rich cultural heritage of African Americans in Texas. This discussion touches upon major transportation undertakings where African American history was discovered and documented. These include the Ruben Hancock Site, the Freedman’s Cemetery, and the Ransom and Sarah Williams Freedman’s Homestead.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Schweickart.

The rapid increase in the cultural and geospatial distance between the individuals who produce household goods and the individuals who consume them which has occurred over the last few hundred years requires historical archaeologists to develop typologies which acknowledge artifact qualities which are meaningful to consumers as well as producers. In a previous SHA presentation, the author hypothesized that artifact qualities which only meaningful to producers should respond differently to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amelia Chisholm.

Archaeological excavations began during the summer of 2016 at Fort Germanna, an 18th century piedmont Virginia fort.  The fort was built in 1714 at the bequest of Governor Alexander Spotswood to expand the western frontier of Virginia.  Fort Germanna was only in existence for 4 years, from 1714-1718, and inhabited by German miners brought to Virginia by Spotswood to set up an iron mine.  While building the research agenda for this project we consider how a German ethnicity and identity could be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaiyon Merkel.

Drawing from historical records and archaeological data, we used multilayer neural networks to construct a sociocultural model of the Irish Famine.  We found that Capital Exchange optimization for non-elites frequently contained polynomial-time mappings to the Assignment and Knapsack problems (which are both NP-hard).  However, we only occasionally encountered nontrivial instances of these mappings when the same algorithms were applied to elites.  That pattern of asymmetric computational...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John de Bry.

This paper endeavors to take a critical look at underwater archaeology research in Cuban coastal areas, mostly after 1959.  Stress is made on the early research and the organizations which participated and the foreign companies which made an effort in underwater archaeological excavation on the Cuban shelf.  However, this paper underlines the controversial role played by Carisub, a company in charge of underwater archaeological research until 2004, and its role in granting permits for commercial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only L. Meghan Dennis.

Since the late 1970s, archaeology and archaeologists have appeared within games presented on every major video game and console format. From the earliest depictions as treasure hunters within games such as the Atari 2600’s temple crawler, Quest for Quintana Roo, to more nuanced portrayals within PC gaming’s recent field school simulator, C14 Dating, changes to how the public privileges and disregards the reality of archaeological practice can be traced through how the discipline is represented...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Becca Peixotto. Mary Elizabeth Ibarrola.

Throughout most of the Atlantic world, Maroons play a critical role in local, regional, and even national histories.  In contrast, marronage in colonial America and the early United States is largely absent from the American historical narrative.  Thousands of Maroons lived in The Great Dismal Swamp, located in Virginia and North Carolina, from the late 17th century until Emancipation. And, Maroons played a critical role in slowing US expansionism in Florida, once known as a refuge for escaped...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Celso Zefanias Simbine.

This paper presents the results of the archeological survey of porcelain shreds and beads that were collected from beaches in the Mozambique Island maritime landscape. This assemblage represents a long history of maritime interactions dating to at least the 15th century initially focused on the Indian Ocean, but eventually also encompassing the Atlantic. It first describes the collected assemblage (which includes significant representation from the Ming Dynasty (Wanli period 15th to 16th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristina J. Fricker.

In terrestrial archaeology, creating a vertical stratigraphic profile of a site is crucial to fully understanding site formation processes and wider contexts.  Vertical profiling in underwater archaeology however, is more challenging and time consuming.  As a result, profile data is often not collected unless there is a distinct difference in stratigraphic layers or it is reserved for more crucial aspects of an excavation such as ship timbers.  The purpose of this paper is to propose that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David M Markus.

As an artifact category, ceramics, especially those decorated with transferprints, represent one of the most ubiquitous pieces of material culture in historical archaeology. While a substantial amount research has been conducted on the origins and development of the transferprint technology, there is still considerable confusion regarding the introduction and popularity of specific transferprint colors, especially in the North American market. Despite recent refinements to the chronology, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erica G Moses.

In the early 19th century, James Madison's plantation in Orange County, VA was undergoing a number of dramatic changes as the house and grounds were extensively modified. At some point during this period, an unusually complex water supply system was constructed in what is now called the South Yard, an area near the main house where enslaved families lived and worked. This paper examines the evidence for this system, along with other water sources within the formal grounds, to consider not only...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian Mabelitini. Scott Clark.

The October 1862 Battle of Perryville was the largest engagement fought in the state of Kentucky during the American Civil War. Although inconclusive, the battle was largely considered to be both a tactical victory for the Confederacy and a strategic victory for the Union. Smith’s Mississippi Battery (C.S.A.), under the command of Lieut. William B. Turner, would play a crucial role in the Confederate advance. Historical documents indicate that Smith’s (Turner’s) battery engaged Union forces from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Abigail K Kindler.

On a poor and rural homestead, an approximated late 19th century tin enamel bucket was found with numerous bullet holes of varying calibers and trajectories. With ammunition costing money the family may or may not have had, what was the purpose of this bucket besides target practice? With very little information on target practice as a possible recreational pastime, the sport could have been done by both men and women, young and old, infrequently or quite commonly. Both experimental archaeology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace I. Smith. Steve Dasovich.

23SC2101 is a multi-component site with French Colonial through 20th century domestic occupations.  Multiple projects located ceramics from all time periods and all levels of excavation.  The site is in an urban area and many of the upper levels have suffered from severe disturbance. Besides the normal analysis of socio-economic status and site function, the analysis of ceramic date ranges by level may help to determine how severe the disturbance has been.  Information on disturbance is often...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Kostro.

The Raleigh Tavern stands out as both a pioneering excavation in the history of historical archaeology, and as one of Colonial Williamsburg’s earliest reconstruction projects.  First excavated in 1928, the foundations recorded at the site formed the basis of a tavern reconstruction that when completed in 1932, marked the official opening of Colonial Williamsburg to the public.  In summer 2016, Colonial Williamsburg’s archaeologists revisited the iconic tavern site with the hopes of reexamining...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Miriam A. W. Rothenberg.

As James Delle recently argued, Caribbean plantation landscapes were built environments designed to mediate interactions between planters and enslaved labourers. In this paper, wind-powered sugar mills on the island of Montserrat are singled out as being prominent components of the plantation environment that were not only economically productive, but also served as markers of planter power and control. The mills’ distinctive shape and height renders them instantly identifiable, and their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A. Long.

This investigation of historical ceramics is conducted on a collection that dates from 1886 to 1915. Saenger Pottery Works was in operation from c.a.1885 through c.a. 1915. The size, form, and function variability of the ceramics inform about production techniques used and what forms are preferred over others. The issues in provenience and provenance are discussed because the pottery, while attributable to the site, do not have records of surface collection. Background research is a joint effort...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew D Earle. Christopher R. Moore.

During the early to mid-19th century, Xenia, Indiana was an occupied town in Carroll County.  As the region grew, Xenia did not and the town was abandoned.  During the summer of 2011, the University of Indianapolis performed a siteless survey of a 60+ acre agricultural field that included portions of the abandoned town.  We used Stanley South’s Carolina Artifact Pattern to categorize data from the site.  Additionally, we used South’s mean ceramic date formula to confirm the mean dates of...