The Dolores Archaeological Program

Documents

1. Additive Technologies Group Midlevel Research Design (1983)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Blinman.

   This document is an extension of work begun by William A. Lucius, and its substance owes much to his foresight in the design of the Dolores Archaeological Program ceramic analysis system. Scott Travis authored a draft research design for ceramics which was helpful during the writing of portions of the present version. Dean Wilson and Rob Waterworth provided intense discussions of the interpretation of ceramic data, and their arguments and ideas have shaped and continue to shape...

2. DAP-106: Excavations at Chindi Hamlet (Site 5MT4684), a Basketmaker III habitation site (1983)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Andrea Tucker. D. A. Breternitz.

   Site 5MT4684, Chindi Hamlet, is a small hamlet located 400 miles west of the Dolores River in Montezuma County, Colorado. Excavations at the site by the Dolores Archaeological Project began on May 27, 1980 and finished on October 14, 1980. These investigations resulted in the discovery and recording of two typical Basketmaker III pithouses, one atypical pithouse, and two surface structures. Pithouses 1 and 2 were oriented north-south and were excavated individually as two pitstructures. Pithouse...

3. The Dolores Archaeological Program (1979)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane.

   The University of Colorado was awarded the contract in the spring of 1978 by the Bureau of Reclamation to conduct historical and archaeological fieldwork and analysis before the area was impacted by construction activities. The four corners area contains evidence of use and occupation by Paleoindian, Archaic, and Shoshonean-Athabasean individuals. By the presentation of this paper, 850 sites were recorded by the Dolores Archaeological project that were going to be impacted by construction, and...

4. Dolores Archaeological Program Technical Reports, DAP-001: Introduction to Field Investigations and Analysis (1981)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane. David A. Breternitz.

   In 1978, the University of Colorado began field operations for the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. The Bureau of Reclamation funded the Program before constructing a multipurpose water storage and distribution system on the Dolores River. Before field investigations, a general research design was formulated that had five major problem domains: economy and adaptation, paleodemography, social organization and settlement pattern, foreign relationships, and cultural process,...

5. Dolores Archaeological Program Technical Reports, DAP-059: Additive Technologies Group Midlevel Research Design (1983)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Blinman. David A. Breternitz.

   The Dolores Archaeological Program's Additive Technologies Group analyzes ceramic and worked vegetal artifacts. Preliminary analyses are carried out for each material class to provide descriptive data for inventory control and field reports. Ceramic data includes the temper classification, technological attributes, typological affiliation, and vessel form. Worked vegetal artifacts data include the technological attributes and material identifications. Both preliminary and intensive analyses were...

6. Dolores Archaeological Program: Final Synthetic Report (1986)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz. Christine K. Robinson. G. Timothy Gross.

   This is the final synthetic report of the Dolores Archaeological Project. It includes an overview of the project itself, as well as final reports from the additive and reductive technologies, and environmental archaeology groups. The final report also includes summation of the prehistorical context for the Dolores River Valley and modeling, resource, and population studies. Information on the various technologies---lithics, ceramics, and facilities---are also examined. This report also...

7. Dolores Archaeological Program: Studies in Environmental Archaeology (1985)
   DOCUMENT Full-Text Kenneth L. Petersen. Vickie L. Clay. Meredith H. Matthews. Sarah W. Neusius.

   This report presents some of the results of the Environmental Studies Group (1979-1981) and the Environmental Archaeology Group (1981-1983) of the Dolores Archaeological Program. The Dolores Archaeological Program was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program, responsible for the mitigation of impacts on cultural resources to be affected by construction of a multipurpose water storage and distribution system on the Dolores River in...

8. Dolores Archaeological Program: Supporting Studies: Additive and Reductive Technologies (1988)
   DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Blinman. Carl J. Phagan. Richard H. Wilshusen.

   Dolores Archaeological Program activities have included a variety of synthetic supporting studies in addition to descriptive analyses of excavation and survey materials. This volume includes those supporting studies that deal with material culture, dating, and architecture. Material culture papers that focus on lithic materials include typological analyses of projectile points, a study of changes in grinding tools and dietary implications, microwear analyses of flaked stone artifacts, and a...

9. Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report (1986)
   DOCUMENT Citation Only D. A. Breternitz. Christine K. Robinson. Timothy Gross.

   The Dolores Project was a large water-impoundment project constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation in southwestern Colorado. From 1978 until 1985 the University of Colorado contracted with the Bureau of Reclamation (Contract No. 8-07-40-S0562) to mitigate the adverse effects of the Dolores Project on the cultural resources in the project area; Washington State University was the major subcontractor. The mitigation program was called the Dolores Archaeological Program (DAP). This volume presents...

10. Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report 1978-1981 (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz.

    The "Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report 1978-1981" is the second publication in a series of reports by the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, on the findings of the Dolores Archaeological Program including excavation activities, and the preservation and analysis of newly discovered artifacts.

11. Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report 1978-1981 (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text D. A. Breternitz.

    The Dolores Project was a large water project constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation in extreme southwestern Colorado. The Dolores Archaeological Program was responsible for the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program under Bureau of Reclamation Contract No. 8-07-40-S0562. At the request of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Dolores Archaeological Program produced this report entitled Dolores Archaeological Program Synthetic Report 1978-1981. This report provides the Bureau of...

12. The Dolores Archaeological Project: In Memoriam (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz.

    The Dolores Archaeological Project held a contract from the Bureau of Reclamation from June 1978 to December 1985. Breternitz demonstrates that although the archaeological investigations preceded the contact period, the failures, accomplishments, negative and positive aspects of the project, and comparisons with other major mitigation projects offer academic, methodological, and historical lessons which are instructive for projects in the future that are federally funded long-term mitigation...

13. The Dolores Legacy: A User's Guide to the Dolores Archaeological Program Data (1999)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    A user's guide to the Dolores Archaeological Program data, compiled with assistance from a State Historical Fund grant from the Colorado Historical Society. This is highly recommended as a point of entry into the large and complex DAP datasets. It contains a general introduction to the DAP and its datasets, by Richard Wilshusen; an introduction to the provenience data and DAP temporal-spatial taxonomy and interpretations, by Christine Ward; brief descriptions of each of the major databases; an...

14. From DAP Roots to Crow Canyon and VEP Shoots (2023)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text T.A. Kohler. Ricky Lightfoot. Mark Varien. William Lipe.

    The DAP helped jumpstart the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center by providing local excavation data, directions of inquiry, research experience, and personnel. The Village Ecodynamics Project complemented the empirical work conducted by Crow Canyon by encouraging the use of wider spatial perspectives and the computation of data.

15. Historic Archaeology on the Dolores Archaeological Project, Dolores, Colorado (1980)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Michael P. Sampson.

    The Dolores Archaeological Program historic studies crew conducted fieldwork on a river valley area assigned as the first-year impact zone. The historic studies crew field research centered on inventory for evidence of activity from the historical period. The historical evidence was either recorded as an isolated find or a site. The historic studies crew designated an isolated find as incomplete or inconclusive human activity evidence and a site was defined as stand-alone human activity evidence...

16. Historical Archaeology of the Dolores River Project: Year 1- a Summary of the Project Inception, Research Design, and Results (1980)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text .Steven G. Baker.

    In 1978, the University of Colorado hired Centuries Research, Inc. as a subcontractor to conduct historical research before the construction of the Bureau of Reclamation Water Project. There are four main goals of this report: 1) to present a brief history of the historical archaeology program within the Dolores overarching study plan, 2) the research design and the methodology behind its inception, 3) a summary of the history of the project area, and 4) how future work should be conducted by...

17. Oral History as a Tool of Historical Archaeology: Application on the Dolores Archaeological Project (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Deborah A. Duranceau.

    Information obtained through ethnographic interviews involving oral history can supplement data collected through archaeological surveys and excavation as well as archival documentation. Duranceau demonstrates how oral history can be used as a tool in historical archaeology to obtain information that is generally not available through other resources. This chapter focuses on the practical approach utilized by the Historic Sites Study of the Dolores Archaeological Project and how this technique...

Datasets

1. Botanical Resources: Corn (1985)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The corn dataset was used in association with an intensive botanical study designed to identify different varieties of corn in the assemblage of corn cobs and plant fragments recovered in the course of DAP fieldwork. The variables in this dataset contain information and measurements pertaining to the number or rows of kernels on an ear, its shape and size, and various details about glumes, cupules, and kernels. Variables for the CORN10 dataset have been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999);...

2. Botanical Resources: Pollen (1985)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The pollen dataset contains basic provenience data for each pollen sample collected. These data are accompanied by taxonomic classification and the grain count per taxon. Detailed locational information can be obtained by linking this dataset with the provenience dataset. Variables for the corn dataset have already been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999). In most cases, their descriptions are suitable for use as metadata and have been repeated almost verbatim here. Selected resources from the...

3. Ceramics: Temporal-Spatial Dataset (1988)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The Additive Technologies Group (ATG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “material culture that results from the technological combinations of a variety of raw materials” (Blinman 1986a:57). While these items include worked vegetal material (e.g., basketry and textiles), much of the work performed by the ATG relates to a large ceramic assemblage including...

4. Chronometric Dating (1985)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The results of chronometric analysis on special specimen samples collected for dating can be found in this dataset. Samples are linked to basic provenience data such as site and field specimen number. The temporal range for each sample will be indicated by variables for earliest and latest dates. These variables give the innermost and outermost dates of wood submitted for dendrochronological dating and their corresponding Tree-Ring Lab symbols indicating how close the date provided is to the...

5. Cottontail Procurement (1987)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   Flint and Neusius’ (1987) examination of the assemblage of cottontail remains from the Dolores Anasazi faunal record is an especially good example of synthetic research contributions to DAP research. Their study utilized the subset of the DAP faunal assemblage contained within the BUNNY10 dataset (Flint and Neusius 1987:257). Since the two species of cottontail utilized by the Dolores Anasazi have distinct habitat preferences, their relative abundances provided an opportunity to track patterns...

6. Faunal Remains (1985)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The faunal dataset is comprised of 81,947 specimens, recovered from a variety of contexts within the Dolores Project area (Neusius 1985c; Petersen, Matthews et al. 1986). Nonhuman macrofaunal remains collected during site excavations are by far the most abundant in the DAP assemblage (n=76,224), followed by microfaunal specimens (n=5,723) collected by way of dry screening and flotation processing (Petersen, Matthews et al. 1986). A third set of miscellaneous remains include specimens recovered...

7. Flaked Lithic Debitage (1985)
   DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

   The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of a mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a:79). Independent datasets for each of the four preliminary analysis systems reflect the technological distinctions made between flaked lithic tools (FLT10a and FLT10b); the debitage created in...

8. Flaked Lithic Tools: Temporal-Spatial Dataset (1985)
   DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

   The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a: 79). The RTG was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979; Carl J. Phagan assumed this position from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984. Supporting...

9. Geological Study Samples (1985)
   DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

   The sediments dataset is a catalog of the geological samples used in a study of the physical and chemical properties of local soils. The chemical and granulometric analyses conducted on these samples contributed to an evaluation of potential for successful dry-land agriculture in the Dolores Valley. Soils in the project area are generally derived from eolian parent material and exhibit a loamy texture that indicates their suitability for agricultural production (Decker and Petersen 1987)....

10. Hafted Items (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979 and by Carl J. Phagan from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984; supporting work was provided by crew chiefs Gail G. Snyder and Phillip D. Neusius. This DAP analysis group was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were...

11. Linked Provenience-Feature Class (2000)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Kelsey M. Reese

    The linked provenience category is an organized way to describe how a feature was excavated, and where artifacts were found within that feature. The categories are numerically based in order to systematically define excavation strategy and the execution of that strategy. Each vertical and horizontal strategy is denoted with a corresponding number---for example horizontal excavation strategies are broken down into whole study unit, locus, segment, half, strip, quadrant, etc. (Wilshusen et al....

12. Macrobotanical Remains (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    The DAP research design was structured to systematically address broad domains of inquiry that encompass economy and adaptation, paleodemography, social organization, extra-regional relationships, and cultural process. The variables used in the botanical datasets represent the various lines of evidence needed to mitigate “bioturbation, preservation, and sampling biases” and establish the “case for cultural association of botanical remains preserved in the archaeological record” (Petersen, Clay...

13. Maps (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    A small percentage of the maps reproduced from field data can be found in the series of published DAP reports, but a much larger collection of original material can be accessed via the Anasazi Heritage Center, Colorado. The maps dataset allows users to easily know what maps are available for any provenience. Maps were sequentially numbered within each site and later classified as one of 47 taxa, according to the type of information the map was meant to convey. Documenting the contents of a site...

14. Non-flaked Lithic Tools: Temporal-Spatial Dataset (1985)
    DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

    The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a:79). The RTG was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979 and by Carl J. Phagan from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984; supporting work was provided by...

15. Photographs (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    Photographs are one of the few remaining ways to examine the now inundated archaeological sites in the DAP. Photographic images add context to specific aspects of Anasazi life in the DAP area; in a sense, DAP photography "provides the investigator with ways to understand the spatial integration of households and communities" (Wilshusen et al. 1999:115). Only a fraction of all photographs taken during the project can be found in the published series of DAP reports. Individuals wishing to access...

16. Rare Rocks (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    Items in the DAP nonflaked lithic tool assemblage and miscellaneous material files that represent “unusual materials of geologic origin” have been collected within a single rare rocks dataset (Keane and Clay 1987:507). More specifically, the dataset contains both naturally occurring and culturally modified items comprised of geological resources that are found in the Dolores Valley, or have been transported over long distances (Keane and Clay 1987). Items fashioned from rare material types are...

17. Samples (1985)
    DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

    Wilshusen et al. (1999) indicate that this dataset should be viewed as a comprehensive inventory of DAP samples by type and number. Samples were collected for a variety of reasons including chronometric dating, environmental and geological studies, and special documentation. Obtaining the results of their analysis requires users to consult other DAP datasets. Variables in the samples dataset have already been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999); see especially the section entitled "Samples" by...